1 . Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture.
Culture begins with the “honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in a country where everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from “jet lag” but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food.
Unfortunately, after we have settled down into our new life, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our family, friends, pets. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture.
The third stage comes when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor.
The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them.
There is a fifth stage of culture shock which many people don’t know about. This is called “reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!
1. How do you feel during the first stage of culture shock?A.Happy and excited. | B.Bored and homesick. |
C.Lonely and depressed. | D.Angry and frustrated. |
A.Adjustment. | B.Rejection. | C.Enthusiasm. | D.Embarrassment. |
A.It hardly ever happens. | B.It is extremely stressful. |
C.It is out of expectation. | D.It only happens to young people. |
2 . Being called “nerd (书呆子)” was a bad thing in the past.
That is happily different now, says Sarah Jane, director at the Port Angeles Fine Arts Center, which is home to the exhibit “Obsessed: The Art of Nerd-dom” through March 15. “I think the majority of my friends are nerdier than I am,” she said, “and I mean that in a my friends are cooler than I am kind of way.”
Jane said the development of the Internet certainly helped blossom (兴旺) connecting people with shared interests across geographies. Now, it’s almost mainstream-exhibitions of nerd culture fill convention halls, comic book superheroes and science fiction stories are the focus of blockbuster (重磅) movies, and more.
“It has made being a nerd less of an isolating experience, and more of a community experience because you’re connecting with other people who have that shared interest, “she said.
Holladay, the co-curator (副馆长) spoke up in a meeting about what the coming exhibition season would look like. “I knew of another nerdy exhibition that had happened in LA recently. . . and I just thought ‘you know, I bet there are nerdy artists on the(Olympic)Peninsula and in Washington who have really quality work, where the subject matter might not fit into most exhibits’, “she said.
And she wasn’t surprised when they received plenty of recommendations. “My theory was that nerds are everywhere, “she said. “Once I got in touch with the right people, everyone was coming out of the woodwork.”
The exhibit features comic art, and things like Pokemon cards arranged in a collage (拼贴画). One work invites viewers to imagine the unique talents and abilities they have as superpowers they bring to the world. Holladay says the evolution of the idea of nerd culture has been positive over the past several years.
1. What is Sarah Jane’s attitude towards “nerds”?A.Anxious. | B.Critical. | C.Appreciative. | D.Uncaring. |
A.People’s varying views of nerd. |
B.Movies’great influence upon people. |
C.The sufferings people have gone through. |
D.The Internet connecting people with shared interests. |
A.Springing out. | B.Getting out of the woods. |
C.Rushing outside. | D.Expecting high quality of work. |
A.The exhibition shows how being a “nerd” becomes good. |
B.The nerd culture is always evolving negatively. |
C.Many unusual exhibitions are scheduled. |
D.Another different culture appears recently. |
3 . Many international students studying abroad in America have several supposed ideas about American culture. After visiting the country, many international students showed the culture shock they received in America. Here are some culture shocks in America that most of the international students came across.
It's surprising to note that kids, the youth and adults refer to each other with their first names, This is a very uncommon sight. Many international students might find it surprising and take time to adjust to this tradition.
Another culture shock is that, in America, there could be only one or two classes a day. Usually, they’re conducted in the afternoon or in the evening. This means the students get enough time to sleep late, wake up around noon and have time for different chores (琐事). Besides, having convenience in the schedule of classes, students also enjoy long hours of breaks.
Among the many culture shocks in America, multiple languages are quite common there. Many international students would move to America, believing that the only language is English. However, that's not the case. The citizens commonly speak languages such as Spanish, French, German, Chinese and others, So if you're comfortable with any of the above-mentioned languages, you might get surprises.
Many international students are used to using kilograms, metres, litres, degrees centigrade as the units of weight, length, volume, temperature. But they might be perplexed to see a different metric system in America. There, pounds, feet and Fahrenheit are usually used as units for measurements. This system is quite puzzling to comprehend at the beginning for many international students.
Many international students might find various culture shocks in America depending on the background they come from. Thus, they may need a long time to adjust themselves to the unfamiliar environment.
1. What may make international students surprised at school?A.Adults are often referred to with their titles. |
B.The number of classes is fewer than expected. |
C.Kids refer to adults with their family names. |
D.Students can freely do different chores in class. |
A.English there is easy to understand. |
B.All of them can speak English fluently. |
C.There are several other official languages. |
D.They may be able to use their native languages there. |
A.Interested. | B.Frightened. | C.Confused. | D.Excited. |
A.Multicultural Experiences Are Waiting for You |
B.International Students Are Welcome to America |
C.Culture Shocks International Students May Experience in America |
D.Reasons Why There Are a Large Number of Culture Shocks in America |
4 . Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture.
Culture begins with the “honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in a country where everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from “jet lag” but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food.
Unfortunately, after we have settled down into our new life, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our family, friends, pets. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture.
The third stage comes when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humor usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor.
The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them.
There is a fifth stage of culture shock which many people don’t know about. This is called “reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!
1. When does culture shock happen?A.When you reach your teens. | B.When you begin an urban life. |
C.When you go to live in a foreign culture. | D.When you meet foreign people for the first time. |
A.Happy and excited | B.Bored and homesick |
C.Lonely and depressed | D.Angry and frustrated |
A.Adjustment | B.Rejection | C.Enthusiasm | D.Embarrassment |
A.It hardly ever happens. | B.It is extremely stressful. |
C.It is out of expectation. | D.It only happens to young people. |
5 . It’s been nearly two decades since the traditional clothing style Hanfu first started to reemerge in China. Since then it has gone from a small cultural movement celebrating an ancient fashion to a trend that is booming on social media, having been adopted by China’s Generation Z as a means of connecting with their past. Instead of following other cultures blindly, Generation Z now have different opinions about what trend is by promoting local culture while having an objective view of exotic cultural products.
The new tastes of Generation Z—young people born after 1995—are well represented on Bilibili. In the recent New Year’s Eve gala presented by Bilibili, it attracted more than 100 million views within 48 hours with a colourful set of programmes ranging from Peking Opera to classical Chinese cartoons. The same is also true of movie industry. Last year, for the first time, the top 10 most viewed films in China were all domestic films, while the ticket sales for imported films have dropped to only 16.28 percent.
”Generation Z grew up with the rapid development of China and under good economic conditions. With the development of the Chinese Internet industry, they have more access to diverse international information and culture, which bring them a much broader vision and makes them more open and confident in analyzing foreign culture. Apart from taking pride in China’s rapid development, this generation also pursues individuality and values devotion to the country,“ Professor Zhang Yiwu said.
He also noted that the popular rock and punk culture pursued by the 70s and 80s generation is more of a challenge against real life and local culture. Some people who were born in the 1970s and 1980s did not grow up in the Internet age—they experienced the transformation of China going from poor to rich first-hand. This kind of longing and admiration of the West came from a lack of confidence.
However, Generation Z now have the confidence to look at Western culture with equal status. This kind of cultural confidence will result in China being more active and creative in its development on the international stage in the future.
1. What does the underlined word ”exotic“ in Paragraph 1 mean?A.Foreign. | B.Fashionable. | C.Traditional. | D.Elegant. |
A.To confirm the rise of new media. |
B.To promote Chinese Internet industry. |
C.To highlight the popularity of domestic art. |
D.To show the popularity of New Year’s Eve gala. |
A.They have a stronger cultural identity. |
B.They are longing for cultural diversity. |
C.They have made China develop rapidly. |
D.They are more fond of foreign culture. |
A.Confident China, Better Future |
B.China’s Progress Results in Cultural Confidence |
C.China’s New Generation Redefine Local Culture as Trendy |
D.Hanfu Style, Connector of Ancient Fashion and Modern Trend |
6 . Having spent more than a decade on the dance floor, ROME — Niccolo Filippi, a 23-year-old Italian dance performer, recently decided to explore Chinese culture and its traditional dance forms and believes that this experience will not only boost his career, but also broaden his horizons beyond the world of dance.
His interest in diversifying his skills grew after he stumbled upon a short video of traditional Chinese-styled dance on YouTube. “I saw it as an art that combines tradition and modernity, which was mostly the reason why I liked it,” says Filippi.
Ever since, he has been closely following Chinese dance performers and watching numerous videos to learn more about the traditional style that he admires. “I prefer the traditional style because of its light movements. It also reflects my personality with elegance,” he adds.
Filippi’s chance came when he was invited to perform for a Chinese New Year celebration in the central Italian city of Florence. He has since fully committed himself to the art form, learning several pieces and putting his newfound passion into practice.
“The biggest difference that I found (compared to other disciplines) is the change of mood and emotional expressions among dances,” says Filippi, adding that he needed to shift from the dynamic moves of hip-hop to the graceful and fluid movements of Chinese dance. Despite various obstacles, Filippi’s efforts have not gone unnoticed. Two of his friends shared videos of his performances on social media, and the response was overwhelming. One video garnered 500,000 views, while the other received 200,000 views.
Filippi believes that learning about different cultures is priceless, and he sees it as a means of personal growth. “I like to think of a person as a book,” he says. “Embracing different traditions and cultures, such as Chinese culture and many others, is like adding new chapters to my book, making it more diverse and wonderful.”
1. What is the main reason why Filippi falls in love with traditional Chinese dance?A.Its potential to boost his career. | B.Its mix of traditional and modern elements. |
C.Its graceful and light movements. | D.Its true reflection of his elegant personality. |
A.By listing numbers. | B.By giving an example. |
C.By sharing a story. | D.By making a comparison. |
A.Filippi thinks little of learning from other cultures. |
B.People prefer to write down their past experiences. |
C.Accepting various cultures boosts personal growth. |
D.A book with chapters on traditions is more wonderful. |
A.Chinese-styled dance videos go viral on social media. |
B.An Italian’s dance journey towards specialization starts. |
C.Filippi’s desire for Chinese culture extends beyond dance. |
D.An Italian dancer shows passion for Chinese-styled dance. |
7 . No matter how many times you go, Dubai always has something new in store for its natives and tourists. Let’s take a look at a few must-dos for your first time in this impressive city in the United Arab Emirates!
●Hit the famous Dubai Mall.
Any shopaholic (购物狂) worth their salt knows about the Dubai Mall, one of the most famous and the most expensive shopping centres in the world.
●Mind your manners.
While you’re searching for the next adventure, make sure you follow some basic rules of conduct that the local law prescribes. For example, if you’re travelling with your significant other, public displays of affection are strictly forbidden.
●
Although you’ll find many tourists wearing clothes considered not entirely polite by the locals, there are certain rules that are strictly implemented in restaurants, malls, and entertainment centres. So, if you put on something considered inappropriate or revealing, you risk being asked to leave a place.
●Save some time for Jumeirah Beach.
Situated conveniently close to Burj al Arab, this spectacular stretch of the coast is a perfect way to spend some time sunbathing and enjoying the warm waters of the Persian Gulf.
●Prepare your palate for Emirati cuisine.
Have you ever had a chance to sample Al Machboos, camel meat, or Manousheh? Arabic cuisine has some of the most extraordinary delicacies you could possibly imagine, few of which are prepared in the same manner outside of their native lands.
A.Jumeirah Beach is about 10 kilometres long. |
B.Pay attention to your dressing requirements. |
C.If you’re travelling with kids, you’ll find the beach perfect. |
D.Try the authentic Arabic coffee for a flavourful taste of the East. |
E.Dubai is indeed a destination packed with adventure and culture. |
F.Getting drunk or using offensive hand gestures are all illegal activities. |
G.Home to around 1,300 stores, it is a wonderful shopping place. |
8 . There is an old saying in China that goes, “The days of the Sanjiu period are the coldest days.” “Sanjiu period”, which is in Minor (较小的) Cold, refers to the third nine-day period (the 19th to the 27th day) after the day of the Winter Solstice (冬至). There are many different customs related to Minor Cold in China.
Eating hotpot
During Minor Cold people should eat some hot food to benefit the body and defend against the cold weather. Winter is the best time to have hotpot and braised mutton with soy sauce. But it is important to notice that too much spicy food may cause health problems.
Eating huangyacai
In Tianjin, there is a custom to have huangyacai, a kind of Chinese cabbage, during Minor Cold. There are large amounts of vitamins A and B in huangyacai. As huangyacai is fresh and tender, it is fit for frying, roasting and braising.
Eating glutinous (黏的) rice
According to tradition, the Cantonese eat glutinous rice in the morning during Minor Cold. Cantonese people add some fried preserved (腌制的) pork, sausage and peanuts and mix them into the rice.
Eating vegetable rice
In ancient times, people in Nanjing took Minor Cold quite seriously, but as time went by, the celebration of Minor Cold gradually disappeared. However, the custom of eating vegetable rice is still followed today. The rice is steamed and is unspeakably delicious. Among the ingredients (原料), aijiaohuang (a kind of green vegetable), sausage and salted duck are the specialties in Nanjing.
1. What is a special custom in Tianjin in Minor Cold?A.Eating hotpot. | B.Having vitamin A and B pills. |
C.Having huangyacai. | D.Buying cabbage. |
A.They fry and toast it. | B.They eat it for dinner. |
C.They steam it with soy sauce. | D.They mix it with many other things. |
A.travel | B.fashion | C.culture | D.science |
9 . November 17 is an important day for black cats in Italy. An animal rights group has named that day as “Black Cat Day” to stop the killing of thousands of the cats. Why do people hate this animal so much? It is because people believe black cats bring bad luck if you see them walking across your path.
The black cat is just one of the symbols of superstition (迷信). You may already know that Western people don’t like the number 13. Besides knocking over a salt bottle, they also believe that walking under a ladder, opening an umbrella indoors and breaking a mirror can also bring bad luck.
According to Andrew Macaskill, who works for Teens, British people believe it is unlucky to see one magpie (喜鹊). But two bring good luck. “In Britain, people like to have a horseshoe over door. They believe it can bring good luck.” Macaskill said,“But the horseshoe needs to be the right way up, The luck runs out if it is upside down.”
In the US, people usually spit on a new baseball bat before using it for the first time. They think this can bring good luck. Also, it is believed that good spirits live in trees. So by knocking on anything made from wood, people can call upon those spirits for protection against misfortune. People in the US also believe there are devils in brooms (扫帚). So don’t lean a broom against a bed. The evil spirits will cast a spell on the bed.
1. In Italy, people hate black cats because the people think ________.A.an animal rights group try to protect them | B.they walk on people’s path |
C.“Black Cat Day”is a bad day | D.it is unlucky to see them |
A.4. | B.5. | C.6. | D.7. |
A.Bad guy. | B.Bad luck. | C.Bad devil. | D.Bad animal. |
A.many black cats are killed in Italy each year |
B.all the people in the world hate the number of thirteen |
C.magpies are the symbol of good luck in Britain |
D.in the US the things living in the trees can bring good luck |
A.Black Cat Day | B.Western Superstition Symbols |
C.Bad Luck and Good Luck | D.Western People’s Belief |
10 . The wedding tradition of “something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue” has been around for hundreds of years. The tradition of carrying or wearing one of each item is said to bring luck and fortune to the newly married couple. Have you ever stopped to think what the saying really means? What is its origin and what does each item represent?
The original saying dates back to the Victoria times and states, “something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue and a silver sixpence in your shoe.”
Something old A bride may wear or carry something old to represent her continued ties to her family and her old life. Many brides wear a piece of family jewelry as their old item. Some brides wear the wedding dress worn by their mother or grandmother. In many cases, something old may also be something borrowed.
Something new Wearing something new is supposed to represent success and hope in the bride’s new life and in her marriage. If the bride purchases her wedding dress, it may represent her new item, but any item that is new may be used. Something “new” is usually the easiest kind to fill.
Something borrowed The borrowed item should be something borrowed from a friend that is happily married. It is said that their happiness will rub off on you and bring lasting happiness to your marriage. Some brides borrow an item of clothing, a piece of jewelry, a handkerchief or perhaps a beaded (饰以珠子的) purse.
Something blue Wearing something blue dates back to ancient times when a blue wedding dress was worn to represent purity, fidelity and love.
A silver sixpence Placing a silver sixpence in the bride’s left shoe is said to be a symbol of wealth. This not only refers to financial wealth, but also a wealth of happiness and joy throughout her married life. Since most brides probably don’t even know what a sixpence is, this part of the tradition is not used very often in modern times. However, if a bride would like to include it in her wedding, she can purchase a silver sixpence from many companies that sell bridal supplies such as garters (袜带) and invitations.
1. Why does the first paragraph end with two questions?A.To have readers’ interest and attention. |
B.To show the importance of this tradition. |
C.To invite readers to answer them at once. |
D.To test readers’ knowledge about wedding. |
A.The part of the tradition “a silver sixpence” is never used now. |
B.The borrowed item can be something borrowed from any friend. |
C.Something old might also be something borrowed actually. |
D.Something new is usually the most difficult and expensive kind to fill. |
A.No brides now are not familiar with the silver sixpence. |
B.Of the five items, something blue is the most important one. |
C.The bride will be more beautiful with all these five items. |
D.Every item represents something good for the new couple. |
A.Success. | B.Loyalty |
C.Wealth. | D.Opportunity. |