1 . Chinese elements are seen everywhere at the 2022 FIFA World Cup in Qatar, from stadium construction and brand marketing to mascot manufacturing (制造), providing strong support for the grand football event.
The golden-bowl shaped stadium is located 15 kilometers north of Doha, capital of Qatar. Serving as the largest sporting venue in Qatar, it hosts important matches. To make the football pitch (场地)and the audience area cooler and more comfortable, independent cooling stations were built outside the stadium, sending cool breezes into the stadium. Hassan Al Thawadi said the complex structure proves the great skills and service ability of Chinese firms, adding that those who watch the games in the venue should be grateful to Chinese engineers and constructors.
In 2020, Chinese manufacturer Yutong was selected to provide service vehicles for the Qatar World Cup. The company equipped its buses with a device that protects the motors from sand and mud, employed liquid-cooling power batteries and adopted an intelligent temperature control in the buses. It is reported that Qatar has imported 1,500 buses from China, including 888 electric ones to meet the transportation demand. It marked the first time for a major global sports event to use Chinese new energy buses in such large quantities.
In a desert 80 kilometers west of Doha, there is a vast photovoltaic (PV) power station with a total area equal to 1,400 standard football pitches. Built by the PowerChina Guizhou Engineering Co., Ltd., the 800 MW Al Kharsaah Solar Power Plant has over 2 million PV panels that are able to generate 1.8 billion kilowatt hours of clean electricity for Qatar each year. It can supply around 300,000 local households and mainly reduce 900,000 tons of CO2 emissions on an annual basis.
More Chinese elements can be seen both on and off the field in Qatar. The appearance of referees Ma Ning, Shi Xiang and Cao Yi marks the first time in the recent 20 years for Chinese referees to judge World Cup games.
1. What can we learn about Hassan Al Thawadi from Paragraph 2?| A．He thinks much of Qatar’s climate. | B．He knows the stadium’s function well. |
| C．He speaks highly of football watchers. | D．He greatly praises Chinese contributions. |
| A．They are cheap and comfortable. | B．They are used in many fields. |
| C．They are provided with high technology. | D．They are easy to make and operate. |
| A．By giving advice. | B．By listing numbers. |
| C．By making comparison. | D．By explaining reasons. |
| A．Chinese elements shine at Qatar World Cup. |
| B．Chinese goods become quite popular in Qatar. |
| C．Chinese referees first judge World Cup games. |
| D．Chinese companies make great efforts for Qatar. |
2 . If art preserves the culture of the Crow people, then Crow women are the keepers of that culture, cultivating it to reflect the modern day.
Fashion designer Bethany Yellowtail grew up riding horses and running in the fields and swimming in the river and being around her people in the Crow Nation and Northern Cheyenne Indian reservations in southeastern Montana. She knows first-hand the importance of art to maintaining native traditions. In 2015 she turned that knowledge into her own brand: B. Yellowtail. A year later, she created the B. Yellowtail Collective, made up of native artists, to foster economic opportunities for their communities. Many of those artists are women from different tribes but all of them preserve their culture and move it forward through their medium of choice.
Yellowtail and her team work for the native-owned business that’s rooted in community. Artists within the Collective typically receive 70% of profit from retail sales, and for a portion of the pandemic (流行病) the brand has upped that to 100%. The extra money has, of course, increased artists’ income in the past year, but the relationship is interdependent: without the work of those artists, B. Yellowtail wouldn’t exist and native culture would feel the loss.
Dewanda Little Coyote is Yellowtail’s mother. Family is deeply important to their tribe. So is art, which often runs in the family — and along the matriarchal (母系的) side. Little Coyote picked up her entrepreneurial spirit from her parents, who owned a gift shop. “My parents said, ‘If you have hands, create something. Do something, and make a living off of that,’” she said. After her parents passed away, the artist began learning beading (串珠) earrings herself. Dentalium, a tusk shell often used in native jewelry, caught her eye in particular. “I love it, because back in the day, our Cheyenne women wore a lot of dentalium,” she said. “So I wanted to give a contemporary look to that — to what our ancestors wore.”
Yellowtail herself learned sewing from her aunts and grandmothers before moving to Los Angeles in 2007 to study fashion design. Now, native women support native women — and matriarchal art evolves.
1. Why did Bethany Yellowtail set up B. Yellowtail?| A．To make their culture continue. | B．To become rich as soon as possible. |
| C．To reflect the modern fashions. | D．To inspire more women to work. |
| A．Native-owned businesses make money more easily. |
| B．The profit from the Collective has fallen sharply. |
| C．Local artists love to work in their community. |
| D．Artists, income is related to the development of native culture. |
| A．To prove she loves her daughter deeply. |
| B．To show how native culture is handed down. |
| C．To praise her efforts to help the young. |
| D．To appeal to more women to join in jewelry design. |
| A．Humorous, modest and cooperative. | B．Traditional, cautious and outgoing. |
| C．Independent, competitive and creative. | D．Creative, determined and selfless. |
3 . New Year’s celebrations take many forms, but most cultures have one thing in common—have a good time after a long, hard year. For much of the globe this involves drinking with friends until the sun comes up, singing together. But others have rather more curious habits, often filled with superstition (迷信).
In Denmark, people stand on chairs and jump off together as the clock strikes midnight, really leaping into the new year. The Danes also throw plates at their friends’ homes during the night-the more pieces you find outside your door in the morning the more popular you are said to be.
In Finland, say tour guides, people pour melted (熔化的) lead into cold water to predict the year ahead from the shape the metal forms. If the shape represents a ship it is said to predict travel, if it’s a ball, good luck.
The Dutch build massive bonfires with their Christmas trees and cat sugary donuts—one of many cultures to consume round New Year’s foods traditionally believed to represent good fortune.
Spaniards, in turn, cat a dozen grapes before the strike of midnight, each fruit representing a month that will either be sweet or sour.
In the Philippines, people wear polka dots (带圆点的服装) for good luck, while in some countries of South America people put on brightly coloured underwear to attract fortune—red for love and yellow for financial success.
Despite regional and cultural differences, for most the New Year’s festivities are a chance to let off steam before the annual cycle starts all over again. “This is a holiday that is about celebration and letting go,” explained George Washington University sociologist Amitai Etzioni.
1. In which country is the festival related to metal?| A．Denmark. | B．Spain. | C．Finland. | D．The Netherlands. |
| A．The Danes throw grapes at their friends’ homes during the night. |
| B．Spaniards eat many donuts before the strike of midnight. |
| C．The Dutch build massive walls with their Christmas trees. |
| D．Some people in South America wear red underwear for love. |
| A．Get married. | B．Get relaxed. | C．Make money. | D．Make friends. |
4 . By drawing patterns on the surface of a cup of tea, chabaixi, an ancient Chinese tea trick displayed in a recent TV drama, has gone viral for its apparent similarity with modern latte art (咖啡拉花艺术). However, ten years ago, this distinctive technique was close to disappearing completely. Zhang Zhifeng, a practitioner of chabaixi, found scenes of chabaixi in the drama aroused great interest among ordinary people.
Chabaixi can create endless patterns such as bamboos and mountains or even calligraphy. There are over a dozen steps, from grinding (碾碎) tea for fine powder, to pouring boiled water, stirring the mixture for thick froth, and finally drawing the patterns. It is different from making latte because people use clear water as the object to put into the cup instead of milk. But when the water touches the surface of whipped (搅打起泡沫的) tea, it turns into a white color and disappears in 20 minutes. The process before the drawing is known as the tea-making technique, diancha. The quality of diancha is crucial to whether patterns can be successfully produced later.
“Chabaixi is one of the countless forms of tea-making techniques in China. The importance of chabaixi is not only that this technique is unique in the world, but also it gives us a window into people’s lifestyle in the Song Dynasty, a period of time when leisure activities in some ways resemble what we have now,” Zhang said.
Before chabaixi was discovered by TV audiences, the technique was listed as part of China’s Intangible Cultural Heritage in 2017, after it was recovered by Zhang Zhifeng. He started researching the origins of chabaixi in the 1980s and brought the technique back in 2009 after decades of trials and practice. Zhang spent nearly 30 years studying and researching the origins and making of tea, but for him it was all worthwhile.
“This technique is key to the tea culture of the Song Dynasty, and it would be a shame to let it fade. This technique must be passed on to the next generations so they can understand its history,” Zhang said.
1. What do the underlined words “gone viral” probably mean?| A．Received good protection. | B．Maintained highly competitive. |
| C．Started declining gradually. | D．Become popular quickly. |
| A．It is painted with whipped milk. |
| B．It involves complicated tea-making skills. |
| C．It mainly describes beautiful scenery. |
| D．It develops based on latte art. |
| A．The significance of chabaixi. | B．The uniqueness of chabaixi. |
| C．The origin of chabaixi. | D．The development of chabaixi. |
| A．He teaches people the tea culture of the Song Dynasty. |
| B．He is leading young generations to innovate chabaixi. |
| C．He is committed to developing chabaixi through media. |
| D．He encourages people to pass on the technique of chabaixi. |
5 . Kwanzaa may be a festival celebrated by millions of African Americans and pan-Africans, but it has only been around for a few decades (十年). Introduced to the United States in 1966 as a ceremony to welcome the first harvest to the home, the festival, which takes place from December 26 to January 1, is a celebration of life, unity, family, and culture.
Featuring feasts, music and dance, and a devotion and recommitment to different principles (信条), the festival was created in the middle of the Black Freedom Movement, at a time when it was felt that cultural grounding was needed.
Dr. Maulana Karenga, professor and chairman of Black Studies at California State University in Long Beach, is responsible for bringing the festival to life. After the Watts violence in L.A., Dr. Karenga searched for ways to strengthen the African-American community. He paired the practices with traditions of several different harvest celebrations on the African continent, and although it is celebrated around the Christmas period, it perhaps has more similarities to Thanksgiving or the Yam Festival in Ghana and Nigeria.
There are five common sets of values that are central to the week-long activities: ingathering, reverence, commemoration, recommitment, and celebration. There are seven principles of Kwanzaa, meaning first fruits in Kiswahili, a language spoken in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. The first fruit celebrations appear in ancient and modern times in classical African civilizations.
These seven principles are known as Umoja, meaning unity; kujichagulia, self-determination; ujima, collective work, and responsibility; ujamaa, cooperative economics; nia, purpose; kuumba, creativity; and Imani, faith. There are seven candles used during the festival, and like, the Jewish Hanukkah, these candles are used to represent the principles.
On December 31, participants celebrate with a plentiful meal, often featuring good meals from various African countries.
The number of Americans who celebrate Kwanzaa has changed greatly over the years, and with as many as six million getting involved in the 1980s, Kwanzaa became a mainstream holiday. Now, however, numbers have paled, but it still remains an important cultural touchstone (试金石) for many African American communities.
1. What activity can be included during the celebration of Kwanzaa?| A．Creating a piece of music. | B．Having a plentiful meal. |
| C．Giving and receiving gifts. | D．Enjoying an art exhibition. |
| A．He started the Watts violence in Los Angeles. |
| B．He created five common sets of values. |
| C．He found ways to practice African traditions. |
| D．He strengthened the unity of neighbors. |
| A．Kwanzaa is a festival across the world. |
| B．Africans are considered important in the U.S.. |
| C．Kwanzaa is an important cultural symbol. |
| D．Kwanzaa is less popular among young Africans. |
| A．A festival: The Culture Cross the World |
| B．African Americans: An Important Part of Americans |
| C．Principles: The Focus of a Festival |
| D．Kwanzaa: The African Celebration of Unity and Culture |
6 . If you look around your city, you might spot girls wearing hanfu in subways or people wearing T-shirts with Chinese characters on the streets. A new trend is taking hold in China — guochao, or “China-chic”.
The term characterizes the rise of China’s native fashion trends. It has expanded the concept of “Made in China”, which has been recognized as the representation of Chinese culture and aesthetics (美学) offered by homegrown Chinese brands.
China-chic came into the spotlight in 2018. Before that, big-name foreign companies, such as NIKE, ADIDAS and PUMA, dominated the world market. But that year, Chinese sportswear brand Li-Ning changed things up. During the 2018 New York Fashion Week, Li-Ning introduced its Taoism-inspired Wu Dao collection. The collection not only had a trendy look, but also included elements of traditional Chinese culture. It immediately grabbed attention at home and abroad. As a result, the company recorded 20 percent profit growth in 2018, marking the first time the brand’s revenue had hit the 10-billion-yuan mark since its founding.
The trend to embrace domestic brands has since spread rapidly to various sectors and products, from food and drinks to clothing, mobile phones and electric vehicles. For example, White Rabbit, whose sweet candy brings back childhood memories for many, launched its perfume and lip balm. “We want White Rabbit to be a brand that young people want to share,” said Shen Qinfeng, the company’s marketing manager.
Now, the guochao trend is “moving to the next stage, where its success will rely, first and foremost, on gaining cultural confidence rather than Western recognition.” according to Kerra Zhou, founder of brand strategy consultancy Kerrisma. No matter how the guochao trend develops, there’s one thing that won’t change: Behind the craze is people’s positive attitude toward the country’s development and their recognition of growing confidence in national culture, added Zhou.
1. What’s the function of Paragraph 1?| A．To introduce a new trend in China. |
| B．To highlight the popularity of guochao. |
| C．To describe a common scene on the street. |
| D．To show Chinese brands beat foreign companies. |
| A．Li-Ning stimulated the development of guochao. |
| B．Guochao is a new trend popular throughout the world. |
| C．Guochao refers to people’s preference for ancient culture. |
| D．It’s before 2018 that guochao had received great attention. |
| A．Chinese is still following the western trend. |
| B．Guochao’s success relies on western recognition. |
| C．National pride arouses the passion for guochao. |
| D．Cultural awareness is the key to winning market share. |
| A．The Popularity of Native Brands | B．The Boom of China-chic |
| C．The Recognition of National Culture | D．The Root of Guochao |
7 . Up to 2019, there are 55 world heritage sites in China, which has the same number of sites as Italy. Here are four of them.
Dali Old Town
The place is 13 kilometers away from Xiaguan in Dali City. With Erhai Lake to the east, and Cangshan Mountain to the west, its grand city wall, traditional Bai ethnic minority folk houses and beautiful scenery have been attracting many visitors.
You may find some interesting people or featured local souvenirs. The architectures in the region are fine and civil life shows its active aspect.
Temple of Heaven
This site is located in the south of Beijing. It covers an area of 2.73 million m2, in which there is a round stone plate named the Heaven Stone. Stand on it to make a shout or beat it to some noise and the echo will arise but seemingly be a hundred times louder than your original voice.
Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area
This area, north of Sichuan Province, is a unique natural wonder. Every year, visitors from all over the world come to admire the mountains, lakes, streams, trees, underground springs and waterfalls, which make Jiuzhaigou Valley an area of outstanding natural beauty. The valley is also home to many protected species of plants and endangered animals.
The Longmen Grottoes
Located on both sides of the Yi River in the south of Luoyang, Henan province, this site has more than 2,300 caves and niches. The sculptural art styles have great influence in China and abroad.
It takes about 30 minutes from the railway station to Longmen by bus. The Luoyang Peony Festival is held from April to early May every year, which is a good time for those interested in both the Longmen Grottoes and peony to visit Luoyang.
1. What’s the common feature of the four sites?| A．They’re all enormous. | B．They’re all historical sites. |
| C．They’re all located in Beijing. | D．They’re ail world heritage sites. |
| A．The response to your voice. | B．The shout at your top voice. |
| C．A good view of the temple. | D．Pray for a good harvest. |
| A．Dali Old Town. | B．Temple of Heaven. |
| C．Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area. | D．The Longmen Grottoes. |
8 . When you think of Chinese food in the US, fried rice, or General Tso’s chicken may first come to mind. But a new museum exhibition in New York City is trying to expand visitors’ palates (味蕾). It features stories of famous cooks like Martin Yan and home cooks whose food represents 18 different regional cooking styles of China.
“I think it’s unfair to just classify Chinese cooking as one,” says Kian Lam Kho, an organizer of “Sour, Sweet, Bitter, Spicy: Stories of Chinese Food and Identity in America” at the Museum of Chinese in America. “Even with the same dish or same cuisine, every family has a different variation.” That’s why the organizers say if you want to taste the full range of Chinese cuisine in the US, you’ll need to go beyond restaurants and into home kitchens, which can play a central role in many immigrants’ lives.
“The kitchen itself is kind of a comfort when you come to a new country. That’s the one place where you set up as your home base, and you cook things that you remember from your past,” explains Audra Ang, another organizer.
One of the home cooks showcased in the exhibition is Ni Biying, 80, of Manhattan. She worked as a live-in babysitter for years before she could finally afford to rent a home with her own kitchen. These days, you can usually find her moving around her one-bedroom apartment as a sweet smell of vinegar and rice wine floats from her stove. For Ni, a small dinner for friends and family means preparing almost a dozen different dishes. She learned some of her techniques from her father, who made most of her family’s meals when she was a child. “I still miss the beef with stir-fried celery my father used to cook,” she says. And it’s the kind of comfort food that defines Chinese food for Ni.
1. What is the new museum exhibition mainly about?| A．Cuisine of different countries. | B．Exploration of famous restaurants. |
| C．History of Chinese immigration. | D．Stories of Chinese food and cooks. |
| A．It provides a wealthy life. | B．It brings a sense of belonging. |
| C．It helps them to accept new cultures. | D．It enables them to forget the past. |
| A．She worked in a Chinese restaurant. |
| B．She made most meals as a child. |
| C．She learned cooking from her father. |
| D．She lives with a big family. |
| A．Cuisine Gains New Variations |
| B．Home Cooking Brings More to the Table |
| C．Immigrants Seek Their Fortune in the US |
| D．Chinese Restaurant Tells Immigrant Tales |
9 . Traveling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier. We live in a global (全球的) village.
Greetings
How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time? An American or Canadian shakes your hand while looking you straight in the eyes.
Clothes
Food and drink
In Italy, Spain and Latin America, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours.
Doing business
| A．In many parts of Asia, there is no physical touch at all. |
| B．Sometimes, social events end with singing and dancing. |
| C．But this doesn’t mean that we all behave in the same way. |
| D．For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner. |
| E．Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn’t wear. |
| F．In many countries, business hours are from 9 or 10 to 5 or 6. |
| G．In most countries, showing business cards is important for all introductions. |
10 . Nobody ever imagined that after being lost for more than half a century, the intangible cultural heritage known as Gaolou Mixian would be restored and passed on by a young man. “As a descendant of people from Gaolou village, I have a responsibility to restore our ancestors’ art forms,” Chen Guorui, the world’s only inheritor (继承人) of this ancient art, told the Global Times.
Gaolou Mixian uses rice paste to glue together selected grains of transparent rice to create realistic figures or structures. It is a unique folk art that developed during the Qing Dynasty and reached its peak during the first half of the 20th century. Each household in Gaolou village would make rice structures that they put on display in their ancestral halls during the Chinese New Year, which attracted people from all sides.
However, due to the wet weather in southern China, these rice-made artworks would only last three to four months before losing their shape. It is for this reason that these works are not seen in museums in China. Due to various historical reasons, most people in Gaolou village did not pass down the art form, which caused it to disappear nearly 70 years ago.
Chen found out about this after hearing one former resident express disappointment about its loss. Curious, he started to do research and tried out the methods he heard about from older people in the village. After several months of exploration, Chen finally completed his first successful work.
Over the past five years, Chen has gradually improved his skills and even begun using new techniques, such as creating some colorful artworks with colored grains of rice. Since 2017, people at home and abroad have taken an interest in this long-lost art form. To avoid being the last inheritor, Chen has been giving classes to some students at a primary school in Fuzhou with the support of local education authorities.
1. What do we know about Gaolou Mixian?| A．It uses rice as its main material. |
| B．It is stable in a wet environment. |
| C．It is a popular art form nationwide. |
| D．It was created for religious reasons. |
| A．The charm of the artworks. |
| B．The disappearance of the art form. |
| C．The disappointment of the villagers. |
| D．The reason why the artworks lose their shape. |
| A．Courageous and cautious. | B．Responsible and calm. |
| C．Cooperative and caring. | D．Determined and creative. |
| A．To praise Chen Guorui for his successful works. |
| B．To describe a popular folk art of a Chinese village. |
| C．To introduce a Chinese art form and its restoration. |
| D．To advocate the restoration of intangible cultural heritage. |
