1 . New Year’s Day is meant for food. As the new year arrives around the world, there could be special cakes and breads, for example, long noodles representing long life, field peas representing coins, and pigs representing good luck. The particulars vary, but the general theme is the same: Enjoy food and drink to bring in a year of prosperity. Here are some of the New Year’s food traditions around the world.
Hoppin’ John, American South
A major New Year’s food tradition in the American South, Hoppin’ John is a dish of pork-flavored field peas or black-eyed peas—symbolizing coins—and rice, frequently served with cooked greens—as they’re the color of money and cornbread—the color of gold. The dish is said to bring good luck in the new year.
Twelve grapes, Spain
The people of Spain traditionally watch a broadcast from Puerta del Sol in Madrid, where people gather in front of the square’s clock tower to ring in the New Year. Those out in the square and those watching at home take part in an unusual annual tradition: At the stroke of midnight, they eat one grape for every toll of the clock bell. Some even get their grapes ready—peeling and seeding the—to make sure they will be as efficient as possible when mid-night comes.
Tamales, Mexico
Tamales, corn dough filled with meat, cheese and other delicious additions and wrapped in a banana leaf or a corn husk, make appearances at pretty much every special occasion in Mexico. In many families, groups of women gather together to make hundreds of the little packets to hand out to friends, family and neighbors.
Soba noodles, Japan
In Japanese households, families eat buckwheat soba noodles, or toshikoshi soba, at mid-night on New Year’s Eve to say goodbye to the year gone by and welcome the year to come. The tradition dates back to the 17th century, and the long noodles symbolize longevity and prosperity.
1. The common theme of food for New Year’s Day is _______.A.to show its deliciousness and sell well in market |
B.to celebrate new year and wish for blessings from nature |
C.to eat and drink well and hope for a fancy new year |
D.to say farewell to the old year and welcome the new year |
A.Twelve grapes. | B.Hoppin’John. | C.Tamales. | D.Soba noodles. |
A.The Americans. | B.The Mexicans. | C.The Spanish. | D.The Japanese. |
2 . Most French people eat dinner at 8 pm or later. Some French families, especially if they do not have young children, may start dinner as late as 9 pm or 9:30 pm. The first time I went to France, I was confused that my host family hadn’t had dinner by 7 pm yet. “Are they going to skip dinner?” I wondered.
It’s not clear to me why French people eat so late. Alysa Salzberg, a French writer, guesses that the later meal time develops from typical French working hours. “French people eat late because most standard job hours are 9 or 10 to 6 instead of 9 to 5,” Alysa explains. “So, by the time everyone gets home and a meal is prepared, it’s about 8 pm.”
French people usually eat a smaller dinner, such as soup or salad with bread and dessert. Considering French people famously don’t snack, they must survive a long break between lunch and dinner. The solution is that lunch is the biggest meal of the day. Americans and people from other countries may have a simple sandwich for lunch, but French lunches are typically more considerable. I remember having a huge lunch at the host school with other French students last month. The lunch came with salad, bread, a main dish, cheese and a yogurt. It seemed like too much food the first time I saw it.
In addition, French people never eat on the way. It’s unusual to see French people eating a cheeseburger from a McDonald’s while sitting in their cars. I don’t remember seeing French people eating while walking in the street or on the subway in Paris either. French people consider it important to sit down at a table to eat and even eat a hamburger with a knife and fork.
1. Why do the French eat dinner late in Alysa Salzberg’s opinion?A.They have a big lunch. |
B.Dinner is less important to them. |
C.Dinner dishes take a long time to cook. |
D.They get off work late. |
A.simple | B.plentiful | C.expensive | D.delicious |
A.Cars play an important role in French life. |
B.Fast food is not popular in France. |
C.The French pay great attention to eating manners. |
D.Eating in public places is not allowed in France. |
A.He is an overseas student in France. |
B.He enjoys French food very much. |
C.He works as a magazine writer. |
D.He agrees with the French way of life. |
3 . It is no secret that China has an amazingly rich history and culture. My first exposure (接触) to Chinese culture came totally by chance. One day, I entered my grandfather’s personal library and took a book named Tao Te Ching from one of the shelves. As an 8-year-old, the book’s content completely confused me, but it provided me with an early connection to a beautiful and great philosophical (哲学的) tradition that still influences me today.
Around this time, I also came across several cartoons heavily inspired by traditional Chinese culture and martial arts such as Avatar: The Last Airbender and Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat. Both cartoons describe beautiful landscapes and buildings similar to those found in classical Chinese paintings. This further developed my love of the rich and beautiful culture.
At school I began studying Chinese. My interest in the language developed early on, combining my love of travelling with my love of meeting new people. Later on, my interest in the language developed into exploring widespread Chinese culture. I wanted to challenge myself in a totally new linguistic (语言的) landscape and listen to the lives and stories of others in their own language. I have been lucky enough to have lived in China for around three years. I loved every second I spent there and there is never a shortage of things to see and do, people to meet, and foods to enjoy.
It is safe to say that my journey to studying Chinese has only just begun and these first steps are only a drop in the ocean of lifelong learning, but as the Chinese philosopher Laozi says, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”
1. How does the author like the book Tao Te Ching?A.It encourages him to go to the library. |
B.It improves his behavior and habits. |
C.It has a long lasting influence on him. |
D.It makes him know Chinese society better. |
A.Watching some cartoons. | B.Admiring Chinese paintings. |
C.Living abroad for long. | D.Cooking Chinese food. |
A.Chinese culture differs greatly from others’. |
B.Travelling takes up much of the author’s time. |
C.It’s easy for the author to get on well with others. |
D.The author learns languages in real surroundings. |
A.My Grandpa’s Influence on Me | B.My Exploration of Chinese Culture |
C.My Travel Experience in China | D.My Exposure to TaoTe Ching |
4 . If it had not been for Fan Jinshi and her team, the world cultural heritage of Dunhuang Mogao Caves in a remote Chinese desert might have long been destroyed by sand, weather or humans.
Born in Beijing and raised in Shanghai, Fan has spent half a century fighting an uphill battle to preserve the ancient Buddhist wall paintings at Dunhuang, in Northwest China’s Gansu Province. The 1,653-year-old Dunhuang Mogao Caves are a huge collection of Buddhist art—more than 2,000 buddha figures and 45,000 square metres of paintings spread among 735 caves. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Archaeologist Fan was sent to Dunhuang after graduating from Peking University in 1963. While in Dunhuang, a remote village in the desert then, Fan lived in an abandoned temple. At first, she did not even dare to go out to the toilet at night. To protect the treasures from sand and dampness, Fan and other workers put doors on the caves, planted trees and started monitoring temperature and humidity in the caves. They also controlled the number of visitors.
In the late 1990s, with tourism booming nationwide since national holidays were extended, the local government planned to go public with Dunhuang Mogao Caves, but found Fan firmly in_their_way. “The heritage would have been destroyed if it had been listed,” she said.
Dunhuang Academy has now photographed and cataloged online all the sculptures and paintings. “Despite our efforts to minimise damage, we can’t completely stop them from being eroded. But the digital database will last.”
Fan was grateful when her husband joined her in Dunhuang in 1986 after 19 years of separation. Her two sons grew up seldom with her accompany. “I have not been a good mother or wife. With regard to my family, I’m full of guilt,” she said. Fan, 81, retired four years ago as the director of Dunhuang Academy but continues her efforts as a national political adviser.
1. When was Fan separated from her husband?A.In 1963. | B.In 1967. |
C.In 1986. | D.In the late 1990s. |
A.Go to a place. |
B.Be in favour of something. |
C.Reject something. |
D.Give in to something. |
A.The history of Dunhuang Mogao Caves. |
B.The attractions of Dunhuang Mogao Caves. |
C.Fan’s devotion to preserving Dunhuang Mogao Caves. |
D.The appeal for the protection of Dunhuang Mogao Caves. |
A.Considerate. | B.Kind. |
C.Humorous. | D.Devoted. |
5 . While the Memorial Hall of Xu Beihong has been closed in light of the COVID-19 (新冠肺炎), art lovers can take a virtual (虚拟的) tour of the former home (故居) of the renowned Chinese painter who lived from 1895 to 1952.
The hall hosted a live streaming (直播) show on International Museum Day, which falls on May 18 every year, and a docent (讲解员) described for viewers the story behind Xu’s artworks. The show attracted nearly 2.9 million views online within 90 minutes.
Nine other Beijing-based former residences of late celebrities—such as Chinese writer Lu Xun, political persons Soong Ching Ling and Li Dazhao—did the same that day in an effort to connect online viewers with art.
Altogether, the 10 shows were watched by 35.13 million people.
“The number of virtual visitors has exceeded that of physical visitors since last September,” said Li Qing, deputy curator (馆长) of the Memorial Hall of Xu Beihong. Live streaming has an edge. It helps us highlight the most iconic collections and interact with more audiences. It has extended the scope and functions of museums’ public services, he added.
“Amid the virus outbreak, works of literature and art displayed in our museum have played a role in lifting moods and giving people hope,” said Liu Qing, a staff member of Beijing Luxun Museum and the New Culture Movement Memorial of Beijing.
According to officials with the Beijing Information Office and the Beijing Administration of Cultural Heritage, 94 themed events were rolled out on May 18 including 50 online exhibitions and 15 live streaming shows.
They are part of the city government’s plan to build Beijing into a city of museums, according to local officials.
“There are 187 registered museums in Beijing. It is a large number,” said Ling Ming, deputy director of the Beijing Administration of Cultural Heritage. “The plan, on the one hand, can help each of them find out their own characteristics and on the other hand, help build a more diverse museum system.”
Beginning in 2018, the Beijing government created interactive programs and mobile apps and encouraged residents to engage in International Museum Day celebrations online, Ling added.
“This year, cloud computing technology was utilized,” he said.
1. Why has the Memorial Hall of Xu Beihong been closed?A.Because it has been seriously damaged. |
B.Because his relatives are strongly against it. |
C.Because the COVID-19 has broken out. |
D.Because people don’t like his paintings now. |
A.Lifting spirit and giving people hope. |
B.Teaching people more technology. |
C.Raising more money. |
D.Connecting the Chinese people with the outside world. |
A.COVID-19 Broke Out Suddenly |
B.Internet Technology Offers Closer Look at Fine Art |
C.A Brief Introduction to Xu Beihong’s Works |
D.Beijing’s Cultural Plans |
6 . November 17 is an important day for black cats in Italy. An animal rights group has named that day as “Black Cat Day” to stop the killing of thousands of the cats. Why do people hate this animal so much? It is because people believe black cats bring bad luck if you see them walking across your path.
The black cat is just one of the symbols of superstition (迷信). You may already know that Western people don’t like the number 13. Besides knocking over a salt bottle, they also believe that walking under a ladder, opening an umbrella indoors and breaking a mirror can also bring bad luck.
According to Andrew Macaskill, who works for Teens, British people believe it is unlucky to see one magpie (喜鹊). But two bring good luck. “In Britain, people like to have a horseshoe over door. They believe it can bring good luck.” Macaskill said,“But the horseshoe needs to be the right way up, The luck runs out if it is upside down.”
In the US, people usually spit on a new baseball bat before using it for the first time. They think this can bring good luck. Also, it is believed that good spirits live in trees. So by knocking on anything made from wood, people can call upon those spirits for protection against misfortune. People in the US also believe there are devils in brooms (扫帚). So don’t lean a broom against a bed. The evil spirits will cast a spell on the bed.
1. In Italy, people hate black cats because the people think ________.A.an animal rights group try to protect them | B.they walk on people’s path |
C.“Black Cat Day”is a bad day | D.it is unlucky to see them |
A.4. | B.5. | C.6. | D.7. |
A.Bad guy. | B.Bad luck. | C.Bad devil. | D.Bad animal. |
A.many black cats are killed in Italy each year |
B.all the people in the world hate the number of thirteen |
C.magpies are the symbol of good luck in Britain |
D.in the US the things living in the trees can bring good luck |
A.Black Cat Day | B.Western Superstition Symbols |
C.Bad Luck and Good Luck | D.Western People’s Belief |
7 . The exhibit, Digital Dunhuang — Tales of Heaven and Earth, which was held at the Hong Kong Heritage Museum, brought to Hong Kong more than 100 exhibits including the visual murals and other related programs that could allow visitors to learn about the art and history of the Mogao Caves in a fun way.
“Dunhuang was an international city, a place where East met West, on the old Silk Road. So the Mogao Caves, which were completed in a period of over 1,000 years, record the ways of life and beliefs of the different peoples that crossed paths there,” explained Fion Lin of Hong Kong Heritage Museum.
Visitors can now get up close and personal with these faraway treasures without having to step into the caves, thanks to the digitization project of the Dunhuang Academy, a pioneer that has made great progress in the digitization and 3D scanning of the Dunhuang treasures.
“Studies have shown that in a cave, both temperature and CO2 concentration level can rise with 15 tourists inside for ten minutes. As a result, the wall paintings are going to eventually fade. Digital technology has helped to strike a balance between sharing the treasures and protecting them,” said Lin.
However, digitization of the caves faces many challenges such as poor lighting and rough wall surfaces. On average, 40,000 pictures have to be taken to cover 300 m2. Great amount of efforts have been made to piece the pictures together. What the exhibition presented is the result of years of hard work.
During the exhibition period, a mini display on Dunhuang music culture was also being held at the Museum for public participation.
1. What could visitors see at the Digital Dunhuang exhibit?A.The Mogao Caves. | B.About 40,000 Dunhuang pictures. |
C.Digital Dunhuang wall paintings. | D.Ancient records of Dunhuang. |
A.It helps Dunhuang become an international city. |
B.It lets people better appreciate the Dunhuang art. |
C.It is effective in cutting the CO₂ level in the caves. |
D.It attracts more tourists from East and West to Hong Kong. |
A.They are brightly lit. | B.They are very rough. |
C.It is very hard to protect them. | D.It is impossible for the tourists to see them. |
A.In paragraph 2. | B.In paragraph 3. |
C.In paragraph 4. | D.In paragraph 5. |
8 . Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. Just a few years ago, it was considered impolite behavior for a man to smoke on the street. No man who thought of himself as being a gentleman would make a fool of himself by smoking when a lady was in a room.
Customs also differ from country to country. Does a man walk on the left or the right of a woman in your country? Or doesn’t it matter? What about table manners? Should you use both hands when you are eating? Should you leave one on your lap, or on the table?
The Americans and the British not only speak the same language but also share a large number of social customs. For example, in both America and England people shake hands when they meet each other for the first time. Also Englishmen will open a door for a woman or offer their seat to a woman, and so will most Americans. If a dinner invitation is for 7 o’clock, the dinner guest either arrives close to that time or calls up to explain his delay.
The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable, especially if they are your guests. There is an old story about a man who gave a formal dinner party. When the food was served, one of the guests started to eat his peas (豆) with a knife. The other guests were amused or shocked, but the host calmly picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. It would have been bad manners to make his guest feel foolish or uncomfortable.
1. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word?A.礼貌的 | B.可接受的 | C.粗鲁的 | D.拒绝的 |
A.He should find an excuse. | B.He should ask for excuse. |
C.He should say “sorry”. | D.He should telephone to explain his being late. |
A.Social Customs and Behavior | B.Social Life. |
C.American and British Customs. | D.To be on time is Important. |
A.tries his best to make his guests feel comfortable |
B.makes his guests feel excited |
C.tries to avoid being naughty to his guests |
D.tries to avoid being foolish |
A.The guest who ate his peas with a knife. |
B.The other guests who were amused or shocked. |
C.The host who picked up his knife and began eating in the same way. |
D.None of the above. |
9 . Sports are full of math. It is not just the score of the matches but lots of other numbers. So if you like all the numbers in sports, you may want to check out the National Math Festival (NMF) from 10 am to 4 pm Saturday at the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.
The festival—this is the third NMF—will be full of fun activities connected with math for kids. There is a new game called Flagway, in which teams of five to eight players move across a game floor using their speed and knowledge of math.
John Urschel, who once played for a famous American football team, will speak about the physics in football. He is studying advanced math at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
But it's not all sports at the festival. There will be lots of other activities on how math is related to such non-sports activities as dance, music and the environment.
Like magic shows? Magician Mark Mitton will show how you can play tricks (把戏) in front of your friends with everyday objects.
Did you see the movie Frozen? Joseph Teran, a teacher at the University of California, Los Angeles, will speak about the math behind the special effects in the movie. Speaking of movies, the festival will show a film from the science television series Nova called Prediction by the Numbers. It shows how math is used to predict many things, including storms and TV game shows.
Kids and adults will be playing board games during all six hours of the festival. You can bring your favorite game or just join in the fun.
Kirsten Bohl, the project director of the NMF, says she wants kids who come to the festival to think, “Wow! I didn't realize math was so interesting and tied to so many things in my life.”
Maybe you want to know how much money your family will pay to attend the festival. Kids cost zero dollars, zero cents. Adults cost the same. Even if you have a huge family, all those zeros add up to zero.
1. If players want to win Flagway, what should they do?A.Play in pairs with a teammate. | B.Be good at math. | C.Watch Nova before the game. | D.Use some knowledge of music. |
A.John Urschel. | B.Mark Mitton. | C.Joseph Teran. | D.Kirsten Bohl. |
A.It is about fun sports activities only. | B.It offers games to all ages for free. |
C.It is held to celebrate the birth of board games. | D.It needs every visitor to play at least one game. |
A.To show the importance of math in our life. | B.To talk about how math is connected with different games. |
C.To call on young kids to pay attention to math. | D.To introduce a festival at which math and sports come together. |
10 . Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22nd. Take some time to find out about how one man, who was determined to change the way we treated our planet, didn’t stop until he had made a difference.
In 1963, Senator Gaylord Nelson wasn’t happy with the earth’s condition. He wanted to clean up the planet, solve pollution and environmental problems. A senator is someone US citizens choose to help make laws, so Gaylord had a lot of power. He went to John F. Kennedy, the President at the time, with his concerns. The President agreed that the planet’s environment was a serious issue, so President Kennedy went around the country on a five-day tour to promote the idea of cleaning up the planet. People began making small changes but it wasn’t enough.
A few years later, Senator Nelson decided to put one day aside every year for the cause of saving the planet. On April 22, 1970, the first Earth Day was celebrated. Since then, Earth Day has become an international holiday. People all over the world are doing something to make Earth a cleaner, better place.
A rock band named Dramarama wrote a song about Earth Day in 1993 called What are We Gonna Do. People are paying more and more attention to save the earth.
1. From the passage we know that Mr. Gaylord Nelson _____.A.had a little power |
B.was a President |
C.was the first to put forward Earth Day |
D.was the first who decided to save the earth |
A.Earth Day is an international holiday. |
B.Earth Day is a holiday that is only celebrated in the U.S. |
C.John F. Kennedy was chosen by the US citizens to make laws. |
D.On April 22, 1963, the first Earth Day was celebrated. |
A.have a good rest at home |
B.have a five-day tour |
C.choose someone to make laws to protect the earth |
D.do something to make the planet a cleaner, better place |
①What are We Gonna Do was written.
②The first Earth Day was celebrated.
③Senator Nelson formed the idea of cleaning up the planet.
④Present Kennedy agreed to promote the idea.
A.③④②① | B.①③④② | C.④①③② | D.②④①③ |
A.Earth Day — Having a good holiday. |
B.Earth Day — Cleaning up our planet. |
C.Earth Day — Celebrating it. |
D.Earth Day — Learning about it. |