China is widely known for its ancient civilization     1     has continued all the way through into modern times. There are many reasons why this has been possible.

At the beginning, written Chinese was     2     picture-based language. Ancient Chinese people carved     3    （ symbol） on animal bones and shells. By the Shang Dynasty, a well-developed writing system had come into being. At that time, people lived in different places,    4     （ lead） to many varieties of dialects and characters.

Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop     5    one direction. The writing system was of great     6    （important） in uniting the Chinese people and culture. Even today, wherever Chinese people live or whatever dialect they speak, they can communicate    7     （free） in writing.

Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with    8    （it） past. People in modern times can read classic works that    9    （write） by Chinese in ancient times. The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,    10    （ know） as Chinesecalligraphy, which has become an important part of Chinese culture. Today, the Chinese writing system is still an important part of Chinese culture.

Chinese New Year also    1    (know) as the Spring Festival, is the most important traditional festival in China. It is also the important celebration for family members who can have 7 days off.

    2    there are many interesting stories and legends    3    (explain) the start of the Chinese New Year Festival, the main reason for the festival is to celebrate a year of hard work, have a good rest and relax with family.

Chinese people believe that a good start of the year will lead    4    a lucky year. The Chinese    5    (tradition) celebrated the start of a new year of farm work and wished for    6    good harvest. This has now changed into celebrating the start of a new business year and wishing for profits and success in    7    (difference) vacations.

Chinese New Year is a time for family members to get together. Wherever they are, they will come home    8    (celebrate) the festival with their families. The New Year’s Eve dinner    9    (call) reunion dinner,    10    is considered as the most important meal of the year. Families of several generations sit around the tables, and enjoy the happy time.

Kite flying dated from China and became popular around the country. With a long history, it is considered as the    1    (early) aircraft we have ever known. Kites were used for military(军事的)purposes in the very. beginning, such as measurement and signaling. Later kite flying gradually became    2    outdoor activity for recreation as well as art and    3    (be) warmly welcome for centuries.

In the past, people fastened bamboo-made whistles onto a kite. While    4    (fly) through the wind, it produced sound like the music produced by gu-zheng,     5    is a traditional Chinese instrument. Therefore, kite has    6    (it) modern name as fengzheng.

In the 7^th century, kite    7    (introduce) to neighboring countries including Korea and Japan. Around the 13^th century, Marco Polo introduced it to Europe and Arab countries.

Around the Qingming Festival, usually on early April, many people fly kites in public squares. The sky is dotted with kites of different designs, such as dancing butterflies, bounding dragons, and swimming fish. When people look at those kites, they feel as if they were flying away with the kites    8    (escape) the noisy world and step into the nature with their body and soul. Besides, it is a way for people to pray    9    blessings and fortune.

The traditional Chinese kite expresses    10    (harmonious) between human and nature, a long-held belief treasured by the Chinese people.

Over 40 countries around the world celebrate Mother’s Day. It is a time     1     children show their love and respect to their mothers and thank their mothers for giving birth to them and providing them with the     2     (good) care.

In New Zealand, Mother’s Day     3     (celebrate) on the second Sunday in May. And as     4     idea of celebrating Mother’s Day in New Zealand comes from the USA, the way of celebrating Mother’s Day in New Zealand is much the same as     5     in the USA.

On Mother’s Day, people in New Zealand thank their mothers for their     6     (devote) to their kids. The festival of Mother’s Day has become a big day in New Zealand. People celebrate the day by going out for a picnic or eating together. Markets are     7     (crowd) with people coming to buy presents for their mothers. Many people would buy flowers and cards for their mothers.

People also thank their mothers by serving them with breakfast and     8     (make) special cakes for them. Some people also would like to make their mothers have a day’s rest from the     9     (end) housework, and treat     10     (they) to a big dinner.

The Laba Festival is regarded as one of the traditional Chinese     1    （festival).It is celebrated on the eighth day of the twelfth month of Chinese lunar calendar,     2    (refer)to the traditional start of celebrations for the Chinese Spring Festival. "La" in Chinese means the 12th lunar month and "ba" means eight.

Legends about it also vary, one of     3    holds that over 3,000 years ago sacrificial rites(祭礼）called "La" were held in the twelfth lunar month when people offered their preys(猎物）    4    the Gods of heaven and earth. The Chinese characters for prey and the twelfth month were interchangeable then, and ever since "La"     5    (use) to refer to both. Since the festival was held on the eighth day of the last month, people    6    (late) added the number eight ( "ba" in Chinese), giving     7    (we) the current Laba.

Traditionally, the Laba rice porridge is also of great     8    (important). The porridge must be boiled for many hours and then offered as a sacrifice to ancestors. It was also a time for the ancient Chinese    9    (pray) to heaven and earth that there would be     10    abundant harvest. Many people hoped for good luck as well for the coming year.

Throughout the history of mankind, people have been communicating with body languages. In many     1    (situation), the way you say something is far more important than what you say.    2    (communicate) better with others, you are expected to pay attention to eye contact. It can signal friendliness or unfriendliness, interest or boredom, and understanding or confusion.

In Western cultures, keeping eye contact in conversations is     3    (particular) important. As a matter    4     fact, a westerner might consider a lack of eye contact as a lack of interest. In Spain, Italy and Greece,    5    people stand close together talking to each other, eye contact is more frequent and lasts     6    (long).

In many Asian cultures, avoiding direct eye contact is one of the ways to show respect. It is done during the talk with anyone older. Habits like this can cause problems when people do not understand them. For example,    7     Asian might close his eyes in concentration or look down while     8     (listen) to a speaker. A Western speaker might think the man is not interested,

However, in both West and Fast, totally avoiding eye contact might be considered a lack of     9    (polite), but staring at others is also considered rude and should     10    (avoid).

In western countries, after a long day with the sun     1     (burn) your back, a bottle of cold water sounds like the perfect solution. However, consuming cold drinks may not be     2     same choice internationally. In the US, people often receive a glass cold water alongside their meals,     3     in China, people usually get a cup of hot tea instead. In fact, even when the weather is     4     (extreme) hot, many Chinese people prefer to have hot water. According to ancient Chinese medicine, drinking a glass of warm water     5     (be) beneficial to health.

Restaurants in the US are places where people     6     (serve) with cold water, which doesn’t hurt anyone if it is spilled accidentally. In China, you pour tea into cups yourself; if you spill the water, you are responsible     7     it.

In spite of the benefits of hot water and the     8     (harm) effects of drinking cold water, modern medicine tells us that they are both fine       9     (consume). Actually, the debate between cold water and hot water is all a matter of     10     (prefer) and body type. So, what would you like to drink?

Go (围棋) is a board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the competitor. The game     1     (invent) in China more than 2,500 years ago and is believed to be the     2     (old) board game continuously played to the present day. A 2020 survey found that there are over 20 million current players, the majority of     3     live in East Asia.

The playing pieces are called “stones”. One player uses the white stones and     4     other black. The players take     5     (turn) to place the stones on the vacant intersections (交叉点) of a board. Once     6     (place)on the board, stones may not be moved, but stones are removed     7     the board if “captured (捕获)”.Capture happens when a stone or group of stones is surrounded by opposing ones on all points. The game goes on until neither player wishes to make another move. When a game     8     (come) to an end, the winner is determined by     9     (count) each player’s surrounded territory along with captured stones and komi (贴目). A teacher might     10     (simple) the explanation by saying to a student “you may place your stone on any point on the board, but if I surround that stone, I will remove it.”

Chopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal-length sticks, usually made of wood, used for eating. We Chinese eat    1    chopsticks. It is believed the first chopsticks    2    (develop) over 5,000 years ago in China. Excavated (出土) from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province, dating back to roughly 1,200 BC was the    3    (early) evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze. Chopsticks,    4    are roughly uniform in size throughout China, can be made of a variety of    5    (material), including bamboo, wood, plastic, silver and gold.

Chopsticks play    6    important role in Chinese food culture. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long. They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because    7    (maintain) an enough food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.

There is an old Chinese custom making chopsticks part, of a girl's dowry (嫁妆) since the    8    (pronounce) of kuaizi is similar to the words for “quick” and “son”.

Chopsticks are     9    (frequent) used in daily life. They have become more than a kind of tableware and have established a set of etiquette (礼仪) and customs of    10    (they) own.

In China, Single’s Day has become a shopping day. It is more like a shopping spree (狂欢) where many Chinese people wait in front of their computers     1     00:01 and then buy anything they can. It is a bit like the Black Friday in the US, a shopping festival which     2     (celebrate) around the world nowadays.

Black Friday is on the     3     (four) Friday of November,     4     is the day after Thanksgiving Day. Every year, after eating Thanksgiving dinner, many American people start to line up outside the shopping malls, hoping to be     5     first customer to be able to buy the products. Some even set up a tent and spend the whole night     6     (wait).

Black Friday started in the 1980s and now it     7     (become) a part of the American culture. Though many     8     (shop) also sell their products online, a lot of people still like to stand in line and wait the whole night. The great discounts encourage them to wait. Many products can be bought at the     9     (low) price, which saves them a lot of money.

It can be a great joy for the whole family     10     (rush) into the malls and buy a lot of things.