1 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Tea Art

It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese,       1     used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty.

Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident     2     (use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like     3     (add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people     4     (appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to the foam (泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except     5     it is made of tea rather than milk.”

Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty,     6     tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.

Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine     7     (powder) tea creating a mixture. Then more hot water is added slowly     8     the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities     9     be seen in the way matcha (抹茶) is prepared today.

This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha     10     (list) as an intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.