1 . 语法填空

Local     1     (official) in Beijing promised to further protect the city’s cultural heritage (遗产), in particular the narrow streets known as hutongs.

Hutongs are     2     (common) found in the cities of North China, but they are in danger. Beijing is nowadays believed to have fewer than 1,000 hutongs, most of     3     are near the Forbidden City. Only _60_ years ago, the number of the hutong     4     (be) 3,250.

“Usually more than 100,000 people visit the Forbidden City during the National Day holidays. The visits put pressure on the     5     (protect) of cultural relics,” said Huang Yan, director of the Beijing Municipal Commission of Urban Planning,     6     (add) that hutongs should be protected from human damage.

The government concentrated     7     how the protection plans were carried out. Wang Shaofeng, head of the Xicheng District Government, said the area has 182 cultural relics,     8     many of them were built as far back as the Yuan Dynasty. The district of Xicheng has 1.28 million residents in its 50.7 square kilometers of land. “The most efficient way is to decrease the local population to reduce the possibility of causing harm to the heritage,” Wang said. “Each community has been required     9     (report) the status of its cultural heritage.”

No one knows for sure how many hutongs     10     (leave) in the coming 100 years.

2 . Kung fu is one of a number of Chinese martial arts designed to improve the body and the mind. It is perhaps one of the most widely known martial arts, because many films include its techniques. There are hundreds of styles taught all over the world, although they can be loosely divided into two camps: Shaolin style kung fu, and other techniques, some of which have a history that outdates the Shaolin order.

Shaolin kung fix has its origins in the fifth century. Like some other martial arts, it began in religious temples, where the monks sought a mind and body discipline (训练方法). In addition to the fighting style, it also includes mental exercises and religious practices designed to balance the whole body.

Shaolin temples resembled universities, integrating a wide range of subjects of study. Therefore, traditional Shaolin styles such as Wing Chun, Crane, Praying Mantis, and Hung Gar took knowledge from fields outside martial arts, such as the healing arts and meditation. Supporters for Shaolin styles believe that they are more rounded martial arts styles, and that learners will benefit from them on a whole body level.

Other fighting styles, some of which predate the Shaolin style, are also lumped under the kung fu umbrella. They include Pa-Kua, Eagle Claw, and Eight Drunken Immortals styles. These disciplines are not considered to be Shaolin style because they did not originate in temples and are focused primarily on fighting techniques.

Whether Shaolin or otherwise, kung fu is characterized by self defense strategies that turn the energy of an attacker against him or her. Although the techniques may vary, most styles teach throws, kicks, punches, and the use of weapons. In addition to the physical discipline, most place a great importance on respect, honor, and living a balanced life.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A．The reason why kung fu is important.

B．The different styles of Shaolin kung fu.

C．The functions and branches of kung fu.

D．The differences between Shaolin style and others.

2. We can learn from the first paragraph that kung fu       .

A．is good for people physically and mentally

B．has the longest history in Shaolin temples

C．is something that are taught in many films

D．has only two important styles left at present

3. Which of the following is true about Shaolin kung fu according to the text?

A．Shaolin kung fu was invented earlier than other styles.

B．Some Shaolin styles are connected with healing arts.

C．Wing Chun is not included in Shaolin Style kung fu,

D．Pa-Kua and Eagle Claw are under Shaolin Style umbrella.

4. What do most styles of kung fu have in common?

A．They all began in religious temples in China.

B．They teach physical skills instead of use of weapons.

C．They focus on attacking the enemy first with your energy.

D．They require learners to be respectful and honor themselves.

3 .

China’s Spring Festival, a    1    (celebrate) of the lunar year, starts on the 23^rd day of the 12^th month of the Lunar calendar and finishes on the 15^th day of the first month. Lunar New Year’s Eve and the first day of the New Year are its high point. China’s    2    (grand) and most important holiday, the Spring Festival has been celebrated in diverse ways throughout the county.

Among the various stores about the origins of the Spring Festival, the one most commonly    3    

(accept) tells of how Emperor Shun, legendary leader of ancient China, created it more than 4,000 years ago. On the day he    4    (succeed) to the throne(王位)and worshiped heaven and earth. Since then people    5    (consider)that occasion as the first day of the New Year and as how the Chinese lunar New Year came into being.

Winter is the relaxed season in China, historically    6    agricultural country. Having labored for a whole year, people take a rest at this time    7    (prepare)for the coming year. The coming New Year also signals the approach of spring,    8    grass and tree leaves start to produce new shoots. The sacrifices that people offer    9    gods and ancestors are prayers for favorable weather, peace, and large harvests, and give Spring Festival    10    (joy).

4 . Developed from ideas by Confucius during the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucianism(儒家思想) is a philosophical and ethical (道德的) system     1    has become an influential part of Chinese culture.

Confucianism was first set up by Confucius. And later it     2    (develop) by philosophers (哲学家) ，including Mencius, Dong Zhongshu, Wang Yangming and others. After Confucianism gained a supreme position in the Han dynasty more than 2,0000 years ago, its influence went into all walks of life and all streams of     3    (think) in Chinese society for the generation to come. Its Junzi philosophy has become       4    standard of many Chinese people.

Confucianism means a lot not only to China, but also to the world. Today, mottos from Confucianism     5    (be) frequently used by foreign officials in their     6    (speech) or talks. People around the globe can have access     7    Confucius ideas in Confucius Institutes and Chinese Culture Centers abroad. The institutes and centers serve as non-profit public institutions         8    (help) foreigners better understand China through language teaching and culture introduction.

To date, China has     9    (successful) opened 465 Confucius Institutes in 123 countries and regions. There are also 713 Confucius Classrooms operating in middle and primary schools. Chinese Culture Centers are introducing China by opening training classes, building libraries, and         10    (hold) cultural activities.

5 . 假定你是李华。给你在英国的表哥Jack写信，邀请他暑假来中国游玩。信得内容包括：
1.邀请Jack来中国游玩：
2.介绍两至三个历史名胜：
3.询问Jack来中国的时间：
注意：1.词数100左右：

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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6 . China has more than 30 intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) recognized by the UNESCO, including paper-cutting, the Dragon Boat Festival, Peking Opera, acupuncture(针灸) and so on. The organization adopted a decision that China’s “The Twenty-Four Solar Terms”(二十四节气) should be put on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016 in Ethiopia.

The Twenty-Four Solar Terms, knowledge of time and practices in agriculture, starts from the beginning of Spring and ends with the Greater Cold, moving in cycles. It developed through the observation of the sun’s annual movement in China. In ancient time, the method of tugui, earth sundial(日暑), was used to measure the shadow of the sun for determining the solar terms.

The Twenty-Four Solar Terms came into being and developed in close relationship with Chinese agricultural production. At the initial（最初的） stage of agricultural development, people began to explore the seasonal rules in the agricultural production to meet the needs in seeding, harvesting and other activities. Gradually, they formed the concept of “seed in spring, grow in summer, harvest in autumn and store in winter”. During the spring and autumn periods, the agricultural production was highly influenced by the seasonal changes, thus forming the concept of Solar Terms.

As a traditional Chinese knowledge system of time with a history of thousands of years, the Twenty-Four Solar Terms clearly expresses the concepts of respect for nature, and harmony between man and nature. Created by Chinese ancestors, it has functioned as a complete set of weather calendar(日历) to guide the agricultural production in China. It has also been introduced into North Korea, Japan and other neighboring countries and still used in Japan. The Chinese heritage has provably influenced the people’s way of thinking and behaving and will continue to be an important carrier of Chinese cultural identity.

1. According to the first two paragraphs, the Twenty-Four Solar Terms______.

A．was used to measure the shadow of the sun

B．has not been listed as one intangible cultural heritage of humanity

C．repeats from the Beginning of Spring to the Greater Cold every year

D．is the best intangible cultural heritage recognized by the UNESCO

2. We can learn from the text that _______ in China in the past.

A．the Twenty-Four Solar Terms only influenced spring and autumn

B．the Twenty-Four Solar Terms had something to do with agriculture

C．people cared about the changes of weather just for fun

D．agricultural production highly influenced the seasonal changes

3. We can infer from the text that the Twenty-Four Solar Terms _______.

A．is an agricultural calendar merely used in China

B．is strongly influenced by North Korea and Japan

C．is scarcely connected with natural rules

D．is part of traditional Chinese culture

7 . Tipping isn’t a big part of British culture, unlike in North America, where waiters and waitresses are paid below minimum wage. Tips are usually appreciated, but offering a tip of some services can cause confusion.

In casual restaurants, where you pay for your order at a counter but food is brought to your table, tipping is uncommon. You are welcome to leave a pound or two if you wish. In restaurants where you place your order with a waiter or a waitress and receive your food and bill at your table, it’s customary to tip around 10 percent. In some restaurants, a service charge may be added to the bill automatically, typically 10 or 12.5 percent. In this case, you don’t need to add a further tip. When you pay by credit card, the machine may ask if you want to add a tip. Check your bill to see if a service charge has already been added before paying—if so you don’t need to add a tip on the machine. You can request the service charge be removed from your bill if you are unhappy with the service. In some cases a restaurant may print “service not included” on the bill or menu. This is a request for a tip. You’re not forced to offer anything, but 10 percent would be normal in this situation. Tipping in cafes and fast food restaurant is not expected.

If you use a taxi, round the fare up to the nearest pound shown on the meter. On a journey from or to the airport in a booked minicab you might wish to trip 2 or 3 pounds if the driver helps with your bags.

Be sure to check a country’s tipping culture before you start your tip. For more information, visit TripAdvisor.com.

1. According to the text, ________ in British culture.

A．it is necessary to tip if you are served in cafes

B．it is confusing to tip if you receive your bill at your table

C．it is customary to tip if “service not included” is printed on the bill

D．it is compulsory to tip even if the service is unsatisfying in some restaurants

2. When you pay by credit card, _________.

A．the service charge can be added on the machine

B．the service charge must have been included in the bill automatically

C．the service charge can’t be refused

D．the service charge needn’t be checked before you pay

3. If the British taxi meter shows 58.4 pounds, you are expected to pay ________.

A．58.4 pounds	B．59 pounds
C．61 pounds	D．64 pounds

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Introduction of TripAdvisor.com	B．Occasions for Tipping
C．Advice on Tipping in Restaurants	D．British Ways to Tipping