1 . At the top of a hill called Mount Lee in Los Angeles on the west coast of the USA is a very famous sign, recognizable to people around the world. My job is to look after this sign.     1     The first film was made there in 1907 and by 1912, at least 15 independent studios could be found making films around town.

In the 1940s, TV started to become popular and some Hollywood film studios closed, but then TV companies moved in and took them over. Modern Hollywood was born.     2     If one of them ever fell down I would have to put it back up at exactly the same angle. They follow the shape of Mount Lee and this is part of their fame.

I am responsible for maintaining and protecting the sign.     3     When I first arrived in 1989, security was pretty low-tech-we put up a fence around the sign to stop people messing with it. But people just jumped over the fence. The back of the sign was black with graffiti(涂鸦)there was wire across it, but they still got through. So I decided to improve the effectiveness of the security.

Now we have motion-detectors and cameras. Everything goes via the internet to a dedicated surveillance(监控)team watching various structures around the city. Even so, people still try to climb over the barrier, mostly innocent tourists surprised that you can’t walk right up to the sign. But they can get a closer look on one of my regular tours.

    4     They want to light the sign, paint it pink, or cover it in something to promote their product. You’ll get a really enthusiastic marketing executive call up, terribly excited because they think they’re the first person to think of this or that idea. They mostly get turned down. That’s because we don’t like to change the image and we hope it will have the same significance for generations to come.

A．The letters in the sign weren’t straight and still aren’t.

B．I have been working there for nearly 30 years.

C．People call up with the most ridiculous ideas.

D．It says Hollywood and that’s of course the place where films have been made for over a hundred years.

E．We used to have real problems.

F．Payment must be made for those ideas for commercial purposes.

2 . These summer festivals in New Orleans are few of the hottest happenings the City has to offer for holiday seekers.

Oyster Festival

There’s an old saying that it’s only safe to eat oysters in months ending in ‘R’, which was good advice in the age before refrigeration became a fashion. And that’s exactly why originally the New Orleans Oyster Festival was held in June, to break up the myth as locals never bothered to preserve the creatures with their habit of directly eating the seafood, fresh from the sea. Today, featuring oysters harvested from the Gulf of Mexico, Oyster Fest is a celebration of the world’s favorite food. If you’ve ever wanted to enjoy the legendary oysters at Drago’s where the recipe originated or take a bite out of an oyster the size of a hamburger. Oyster Fest is for you.

When to Co: June 3-4

Essence Festival

New Orleans holds a special place in African-American life and history so it should be no surprise the city hosts a festival celebrating African-American music and culture in the United States. With free admission, Essence Festival, organized by the African-American women’s magazine of the same name, is a combination of tour days of dynamic speeches and a showcase of African-American artists.

When to Co: June 29-July 2

Cajun-Zydeco Festival

Southern Louisiana is home to a variety of rich, unique cultures, and on a weekend in June in New Orleans, one of them— Cajun— is on lull display. The heart of Cajun country is in south-central Louisiana, a strong showcase of Cajun culture, for which the Cajun-Zydeco Festival emerged. On the particular weekend, you get ready to chew down on traditional food like Cajun gumbo at eateries, buy Cajun crafts, and purchase a Cajun T-shirt.

When to Co: June 24-25

Running of the Bulls

Due to its history, the Spanish influence still shows itself in New Orleans. The architectural style of the French Quarter is actually from Spain, and New Orleans’s annual Running of the Bulls is, in part, a nod to the city’s Spanish heritage. Unlike the Spanish festival in Pamplona, the “bulls” in the Fest are not actual bulls but the women of the Big Roller derby team. However they do chase down white-and=red-clothed festival-goers, if infuriated. Therefore behave yourself or be prepared to run tor life.

When to Co: JuIy7-9

1. Why was New Orleans Oyster Festival held in June in the first place?

A．Because refrigerator could be used to store oysters.

B．Because it was not easy for oysters to go bad in summer.

C．Because oysters could be cooked in various ways to extend storage period.

D．Because New Orleans oysters were usually seized raw.

2. The underlined word “infuriated” is closest in meaning to ______.

A．exhibited	B．color-blinded
C．angered	D．cheated

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Oyster Festival nowadays is designed for people seeking the history of oyster harvest.

B．Essence Festival celebrates the freedom of African-American women.

C．Cajun-Zydeco Festival is mainly celebrated through dining and shopping.

D．New Orleans has been stripped of Spanish influence.

4. In which magazine does the passage most probably appear?

A．Vacation Guide.	B．Genuine Recipe.
C．Architecture Vision.	D．Music Billboard.

3 . People around the world participate in various ritualized celebrations. New Year activities included fireworks, and resolutions-as well as some practices unique to specific cultures, such as cooking black-eyed peas and greens in the southeastern United States.

All human cultures have their rituals-typically repetitive, symbolic behaviors that a group of people experience as purposeful; though people generally can’t explain how they are supposed to work. And their diversity can also cause clashes between peoples, particularly when the valued rituals of one culture strike another as strange.

Most scientists who study rituals consider their mysterious origins to be one of their defining characteristics. But recently, researchers have come to realize that before rituals become purely social and highly peculiar, many have started out as attempts to avoid disasters.

Ritualized ways of preparing food or cleaning the body, for example, have emerged as ways to prevent disease. Many rituals also provide psychological comfort during times of hardship. Today, humans are adopting new behaviors although it’s too early to tell whether any of these behaviors will become truly ritualized. It will only be the case when the social significance of the behavior takes precedence over its practical use. This is what sets rituals apart from other cultural practices, such as cooking.

Not all rituals are effective because we don’t always understand what is producing the risk we are trying to control. But some do work. In the Indian state of Bihar, where maternal and infant death rate at birth remains high, 269 rituals are associated with pregnancy and birth. A significant proportion of these rituals, such as preparing the nutritious food, are perfectly in accord with modern medical advice. Many others are likely neutral while the ones, such as bathing the infant immediately after birth, are viewed as risky just because of practical limitations such as a lack of clean water.

The relationship between medicine and rituals is also interesting. “It is important to keep in mind that to most people, the mechanisms of modern medicine are just as opaque as rituals are,” says Legare, an expert. The practices of modern medicine are relatively new. “When a doctor tells you, I’m sorry, but there’s nothing we can do for you, that may be true, but it is very discouraging as well,” Legare says. “Therefore relevant rituals are firmly valued seemingly out of no reasons.”

1. According to the passage, what behavior can be regarded as a cultural ritual?

A．A student habitually conducts reading before sleep every day.

B．A family eat dinner at the same restaurant every weekend.

C．People eat green dumplings during the Festival of Qingming.

D．Many Chinese people used to ride bicycles to work.

2. Originally, many rituals arose in an attempt to _____.

A．make people get along with people from the same cultural group.

B．protect people from potential life threats

C．get people to identify with their own culture.

D．provide people with values when clashing with people from other cultures.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Groups with different rituals can basically live together in peace.

B．The practical use of a behavior takes priority when it’s to be judged as a ritual.

C．Appropriateness of some rituals depends on local conditions.

D．When ill, people turn to rituals because they work better than medicine.

4. The best title for the passage might be _____.

A．Be cautious of the weird rituals

B．Long gone are decayed rituals

C．Ritual, the mysterious reflection of human innocence.

D．Ritual,there’s a reason for itsexistence.