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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在当今日新月异的社会中,怀旧变得越来越普遍,不同的心理学家对此发表了不同的看法。

1 . Nostalgia (怀旧) has become increasingly common in the current accelerated, unexpected changes. More and more Americans are turning back with longing to what feels like simpler, sweeter times. They collect cassette tapes, manual typewriters, even decades-old video games.

Is it a mistake to miss the past? Some psychologists warn that too much devotion to the so-called good old days is an escape from reality; it suggests loneliness or that a person is having a difficult time coping in the present. Psychologist Stephanie Coontz argues that nostalgia distracts us from addressing the problems of modern life and contributes to anxiety, depression, sleeplessness, etc.

But new studies suggest that a modest amount of nostalgia is not only harmless, but actually beneficial. They suggest it helps strengthen our sense of identity and makes us feel more optimistic and inspired. It is also a tool for self-discovery and memories are a psychological response when you want to take a break from negativity. Recalling our childhood reminds us of “the times when we were accepted and loved unconditionally,” says Krystine Batcho, a psychologist. “That is such a powerful comfort, knowing that there was a time in life when we didn’t have to earn our love.” Nostalgia can turn even the most ordinary past into legends which warms the heart and the body. Let’s not forget that nostalgia has been a source of inspiration to countless American writers. Mark Twain recalled his boyhood, writing, “After all these years, I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then.”

So go ahead, daydream a little about your best childhood friend, a long-gone family pet, etc. As Dr. Sedikides says, “Nostalgia is absolutely central to human experience.” But at the same time, keep these words of wisdom from the great inventor Charles Kettering in mind as well: “You can’t have a better tomorrow if you are thinking about yesterday all the time.”

1. How is nostalgia viewed by the psychologists in Paragraph 2?
A.It might leave a person in low spirits.
B.It suggests loneliness suffered in the past.
C.It saves people from dull reality temporarily.
D.It helps to solve the problems in modern life.
2. What aspect of nostalgia is discussed in Paragraph 3?
A.Its reasons.B.Its benefits.
C.Its side effects.D.Its working principles.
3. Why is Mark Twain mentioned in the passage?
A.He had a strong sense of identity.
B.He took pictures of the good old days.
C.He is an example of being obsessed with the past
D.He drew inspiration from nostalgia for his works.
4. What is the author’s attitude towards nostalgia?
A.Critical.B.Doubtful.C.Objective.D.Indifferent,
2023-05-05更新 | 72次组卷 | 1卷引用:山东省德州市2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题
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2 . By mid-century there will likely be 9 billion people on the planet, using ever more resources and leading ever more technologically complex lives. What will our cities be like? How much will artificial intelligence (AI) advance? Will global warming cause disastrous changes, or will we be able to engineer our way out of the climate change issues? Recently, the magazine Big Think asked top minds from a variety of fields to weigh in on what the future holds 40 years from now. The result is as follows.

It's likely that by 2050 the majority of the people in the world will live in urban areas and will have a much higher average age than people today. Cities theorist Richard thinks urbanization will transform the education system of, making our economy less houses driven and removing the divisions between home and work.

And rapidly advancing technology will continue ever more rapidly. Cities of the future won't look like “some sort of science-fiction fantasy”, but it's likely that technological advances and information overlays (VR and AR) will greatly change how we live. Self- driving cars will make the roads safer and provide faster transports. A larger version of driverless cars-driverless trucks — may make long-distance drivers out of date.

Some long view predictions are completely dire. Environmentalist Bill says that if we don't make great progress in fighting global warming, it's likely we could see out-of- control rises in sea levels, huge crop shortfalls and wars over limited freshwater resources.

In terms of how we will eat, green markets founder and “real food" supporter Nina believes that there will be more small milk processing plants and more regional food operations and we'll be healthier as a result. New York Times writer Mark thinks that people will eat fewer processed foods and eat foods grown closer to where they live. And more people will be aware of the ethical responsibility" to grow foods.

1. What may happen by 2050 based on the magazine Big Think ?
A.Education will be driven by economy.B.The majority of people will be taller.
C.AI will cause disastrous changes.D.Most people will live in big cities.
2. What do we know about technology in the future according to Paragraph 3?
A.It will make people live in science-fiction fantasy.
B.It will ensure safer transports due to faster cars.
C.It will greatly change the way in which people live.
D.It will increase the number of long-distance drivers.
3. What does the underlined word "dire" in Paragraph 4 mean?
A.Magical.B.Terrible.C.Ridiculous.D.Meaningful.
4. What does Nina think of foods in the future?
A.People will eat healthier and fresher foods.
B.Land-raised farm systems will be improved.
C.There will be smaller regional food operations,
D.Food supplies will become much more limited.
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