1 . Record-breaking. Abnormal. Dangerous. That’s how the National Weather Service described the heat wave hitting much of North America.

The heat wave has already broken all-time high temperature records in places unaccustomed to such extreme heat. For example, Oregon’s capital city, Salem, recorded the highest temperature in its history on Sunday: 130F, breaking the old mark by 4 degrees. The temperature hit 104F in Seattle. It was an all-time record for the city better known for rain than heat and was the first time the area reached such a high temperature since records began being kept in 1894.

Weather forecasters said the heat wave was caused by an extended “heat dome”which allowed hot air from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic to stream northward over much of North America.

This current heat wave was yet more evidence of the impact of human-caused climate change. “When it comes to record-breaking heat events, the study has been run for event after event in region after region in year after year. And the answer is almost always the same,” said Kristie Ebi, a professor at the University of Washington “The days-long heat wave is a taste of the future as climate change reshapes global weather patterns.”

“Another aspect that we see connected to climate change but that we don’t hear about as much is the fact that there is also a lot more water in the atmosphere now. As we warm the oceans and warm the air, there is more evaporation（蒸发）and that wetter air makes us feel hotter,” added weather forecaster, Jennifer Francis. “A combination of high temperature and moisture（湿度）in the air means dangerous conditions for the young, elderly or others who are not healthy. Please drink plenty of water; stay out of the sun and in air-conditioned rooms.”

1. What was the previous temperature record in Salem?

A．104F.

B．126F.

C．130F.

D．134F.

2. What is the root cause of the present heat wave in North America?

A．The climate change.	B．The northward air streams.
C．The extended "heat dome".	D．The moisture in the atmosphere.

3. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．The Dangerous Heat Wave Will Last Long

B．A Heat Wave Roasts Much of North America

C．Measures Must Be Taken to Protect the Young and Elderly

D．The "Heat Dome" Is Expected to Cover the Pacific Northwest

4. Where can the text be found?

A．In a first aid guidebook.	B．In a weather forecast.
C．In a news report.	D．In a professor's lecture.

2 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Tourists have been warned not to take sand and seashells from beaches in Sardinia, an Italian island in the Mediterranean Sea. More than 40 people,     1     took a combined 100 kilograms of sand and shells, have been fined up to £2,575 each. The law     2     (introduce) in 2017 to ban people from taking the items as souvenirs of their trips. Experts express     3     (they) worry that it could cause beaches to become smaller.

3 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The last time Yunnan caught national attention was when some Asian elephants left their home and     1     (guide) by experts to return to their original habitat safely without     2     (harm) any human. Asian elephants in China, mostly     3     (find) in Yunnan, are under the highest level of state protection. Today, the wild elephant population in Yunnan     4     (grow) to about 300, up from 193 in the 1980s. The province has established 11 national or regional-level nature reserves to provide shelter for these mammals.

4 . 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Effects of a Warmer World Are Visible in Animals’ Bodies

For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of a warm world.     1     In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara

Ryding, a phd candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks, limbs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4 % and 10 % since 1871.

All that dovetails (吻合)nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions.    2     For example, Fennec foxes, which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears, especially compared with their Arctic cousins.

Ms Ryding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their modern counterparts. She is not the first researcher to take that approach.     3     All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places.Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.

    4     Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of many species, from insects to fish. Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmann’s rule, holds that animals in hotter places tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio between surface area and volume. Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such as by seeking shelter at hot times of the day.

Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much of Ms Ryding’s data concern birds, with less information available for other taxa (类群). But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to.    5    

A．And there are other ways to adapt, too.

B．The animals living in it will look different, too.

C．Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.

D．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour.

E．But it is hard to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (结构上的) change.

F．Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go.

G．Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed excess heat.

5 . 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词并用正确的形式填空。

strive for greatness          wipe out             die out            be committed to be to blame                 in one's attempt to          get ahead       up to       in short take action               set so apart            at risk of            boil down to

Human beings are no stranger to extinctions, where entire species     1    . In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. According to scientists, we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction, for which human activity will     2    .

There is a long list of reasons why so many species     3    : pollution, deforestation, farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists believe that     4     three quarters of all species on Earth could become extinct. In turn, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be     5     extinction.

However, it's not too late to     6     now. We need to take steps to set up nature and wildlife reserves, make good use of wind and solar energy, and reduce our carbon footprint.     7    , if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.

6 . Stefani Shamrowicz lives in Colorado. The 24-year-old woman has spent 23 days picking up126 bags of rubbish across the country

Having over a month off from her job at a campus recreation center, Stefani Shamrowicz decided to take a trip to help clean up the environment.

She's now driven over 70 hours through Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Louisiana Florida,Georgia,Tennessee,Kentucky，Ohio，Pennsylvania，and New York-cleaning up everything from pee-filled bottles to lawn ornaments. About 80 percent of the rubbish was drinking bottles. Stefani said she had found a few fast-food toys and a tire with a pair of cowboy boots in it and her aim wasn't to shame, but rather encourage people to do what they can

Collecting anywhere from one to 16 bags at a time, Stefani's been discouraged. She felt she wasn't doing enough. She said there was a place that had an ocean of rubbish and she pushed out four bags, but then she broke down because she realized how much rubbish there was and it felt like four bags didn't do anything. But she remembered to just do what she could, especially since she had gone beyond her goal. She said she dedicated that to her parents because they raised her to be an independent person and had been very supportive on the trip

People donated $10 a bag for Stefani to clean up in their name, which she uses for lodging and gas. The person's name is written on how many bags they've donated towards and Stefani posted a picture on her Instagram when they were filed, thanking them for helping clean up the cit she was in.

People online and in person have responded positively to the project. Stefani recalled people sent her pictures of bags of trash they picked up. Once, when she started doing a bag on the beach in Florida,two ladies saw her and started helping her fill the bag.

With her job resuming June 1, Stefani is now back home but she has so many good things to say about her unique U.S.road trip.There's litter everywhere, so I'm just happy to be able to make a little bit of an impact everywhere I go. Cleaning up this litter is a huge thank you for all the joy and good times national parks and nature in general has brought to my life,”she said.

1. Why did Stefani drive ower70 hours across the USA?

A．To call on people to donate money

B．To earn a living by classifying rubbish.

C．To encourage people to protect the environment.

D．To enjoy the scenery of the national parks and nature

2. What is the influence of Stefani's cleaning up rubbish?

A．People offered their help along her journey

B．Her parents make joint efforts to support her.

C．People begin to donate their money for her project.

D．Many people take action to clean up the environment

3. What's the attitude of the author towards cleaning up the litter?

A．Discouraged.

B．Anxious

C．Surprised.

D．Pleased.

4. What does the passage want to tell us?

A．Cleaning up rubbish is a tough task.	B．A kind act can make a big difference
C．Believing in oneself is the key to success.	D．One will realize his dream if he persists in it.