1 . A new study on 26 chimpanzees (黑猩猩) from zoos around the world found that chimpanzees can recognise family members and long lost friends even after decades of separation.

The participating chimpanzees were given juice while staring at a screen flashing side by side photos of other chimps. One animal from each pair of photos had lived with the group for at least a year, while the other was a stranger. An eye-tracking camera recorded where the participants were looking and for how long. Data showed their eyes rested longer on familiar groupmates, suggesting “rich recognition of each other.”

There is also evidence that they became more intent when shown a picture of a chimpanzee with whom they’d had more positive interactions, compared with conflicting relationships.

In the most impressive case, a 46-year-old chimpanzee named Louise repeatedly demonstrated “intense” attention upon seeing photographs of her sister Loretta and nephew Erin, whom she hadn’t seen in more than 26 years. The team said Louise’s results represent the longest-lasting social memory documented in any non-human animal to date.

“We tend to see ourselves as unique special creatures with incredible intellectual (智力的) capacities that are very different from other animals on earth,” said Laura Simone Lewis, a postdoctoral fellow in Berkeley’s psychology department and lead author of the study. “This study is showing us how similar we are to chimpanzees.” She noted that the findings support the theory that long-term social memory in humans and modern day chimps has come from “our last common ancestor that lived somewhere between 5 to 7 million years ago” who also likely had long-term social memory.

Now that they have definitive evidence that these endangered species possess long-term social memories, researchers have more questions, including whether chimpanzees miss the individuals they’re no longer with, especially their friends and family. “Our study doesn’t determine they are doing this, but it raises questions about the possibility that they may have the ability to do so,” Lewis said.

1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The nature of chimps.	B．The method of the study.
C．The analysis of the recorded data.	D．The layout of experimental equipment.

2. What does the underlined word “intent” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Attentive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Hesitant.

D．Emotional.

3. Why is the example of Louise in paragraph 4 mentioned?

A．To stress chimps are as intelligent as human beings.

B．To explain where chimps’ social memory comes from.

C．To better demonstrate the chimps’ memory length.

D．To further prove the existence of chimps’ social memory.

4. What will the research team most probably continue to explore?

A．Whether chimps feel strong emotions to their long lost friends.

B．How to strengthen chimps’ long-term social memories.

C．How chimps recognised their close contacts after long separation.

D．Why chimps possess the amazing social memories.

2 . 假定你是学校英语报的记者李华，上周学校组织学生去少年宫 (the Children’s Palace) 参加活动，让学生在虚拟现实 (VR) 环境中体验自然灾害。请你以Our Experience Activity为题写一篇报道，要点如下：
1. 活动目的、时间等;
2. 体验的内容及感悟。
注意：1. 写作词数应为100左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Our Experience Activity

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4 . In the midst of an already record-breaking heat wave, Phoenix, Arizona, set a particularly eye-popping record: the temperature only dropped to 97 degrees Fahrenheit overnight between Tuesday and Wednesday, setting an all-time record high for a nighttime low. When temperatures stay high overnight, they place a particularly heavy burden on the body, raising the risk of heat illness and death.

The U.S. —and the world—has seen a spate of extreme heat so far this year, including the planet’s hottest-ever June and hottest week on record during the first week of July. Rising global temperatures from burning fossil fuels are the main driver of more frequent and more intense heat waves. And an El Niño event is also boosting global temperatures this year.

A heat dome has been in place for weeks over the U.S. Southwest and Texas, and it has fueled many heat records. Phoenix has now seen 20 days in a row with a daytime high of 110 degrees F or higher, a record that is likely to continue for several more days. A heat dome is an area of high pressure that parks over a region. High-pressure ridges, as they are also called, feature sinking air, which compresses and heats up. These ridges’ typical clear skies also allow the sun’s rays to beat down on the ground, further raising temperatures.

Prolonged heat extremes pose a major public health threat because heat is the number-one weather-related killer in the U.S.; it causes more human deaths than hurricanes, tornadoes and floods combined. Heat can cause dehydration, which leads the blood to thicken and makes the heart pump harder. That organ and others can be damaged by too much exposure to heat.

The soaring, triple-digit high daily temperatures grab the headlines, and they definitely are a concern—but when temperatures only drop into the 80s and 90s at night, the body doesn’t get a chance to cool down. This is particularly a concern for those who lack air-conditioning, including unhoused populations. And heat is especially a health risk for the very young, the elderly and those with preexisting health conditions such as asthma and heart disease.

1. What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?

A．Extreme temperatures can cause damage to our hearts.

B．Burning fossil fuels contributes to the hottest-ever June and July.

C．El Nino is the dominant cause of soaring global temperature.

D．The temperature at night has reached a record high in Phoenix, Arizona.

2. What is a heat dome according to the passage?

A．It’s a weather phenomenon that contributes to high temperatures.

B．It’s a peak that the low pressure should reach.

C．It’s the damage caused by too much exposure to heat.

D．It’s the extra heat trapped in the sinking air.

3. According to the passage, what’s the influence high overnight temperature has on humans?

A．It is the top one killer in America.	B．Exposure to heat contributes to heart diseases.
C．Human organs might be impaired.	D．People accommodate to 80s and 90s Fahrenheit at night.

4. What’s the passage mainly talking about?

A．Soaring temperatures are hitting the headlines.	B．Anew eye popping overnight low record is set.
C．Hot overnight temperatures threaten human health.	D．Global heat waves are causing concerns.

5 . A leaked IPCC draft reports, “Widespread use across millions of square kilometers globally of tree-planting and bioenergy crops could have potentially serious consequences for food security and land degradation (退化).” In other words, more massive monocultures (单种栽培) and more bioenergy crops, fueled by more fertilizers, could damage the structure of the environmental soil and its capacity to absorb carbon.

Everyone knows that to help ease the increasing climate crisis, we need to plant new trees. It’s said that the earth could support an additional 9,000,000 square kilometers of forest, potentially hosting 500 billion trees capable of capturing more than 200 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide at maturity. It would be a serious help to the environment.

Bioenergy now holds a 50 percent share of the world’s renewables consumption—as much as hydro, wind, solar and all others combined. It’s good news, but not entirely. If we consider that increasing desertification and rising ocean levels will take away more arable (可耕种的) land, we arrive at a crucial “trilemma”(三难困境). Should we use our spare soil for agriculture, reforestation or bioenergy?

Such a question would make sense in a multilateral, harmonious world, not on a planet where the richest country cancels an environment-saving agreement, thus encouraging the most tropically-forested nation to set about cutting trees.

Last year, 36,000 square kilometers of forest was cut down. Wouldn’t it be better to start by stopping deforestation altogether? Animal farming takes up 77 percent of the world’s arable land and provides us with 18 percent of the calories. Shouldn’t we cut back on global meat consumption? Modern bioenergy is already available. Shouldn’t we get rid of first-generation biofuels, which are produced from food crops?

1. What’s the IPCC’s attitude to the widespread planting?

A．Ambiguous

B．Positive

C．Disapproving

D．Uncaring

2. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?

A．Add some background information.	B．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.	D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.

3. How can we understand “but not entirely” in paragraph 3?

A．There is less sustainable energy for use.

B．No more land is available for bioenergy.

C．More trees are cut in the richest country.

D．Bioenergy can cause more climate problems.

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A．Developing farmland as much as possible.

B．Planting trees to prevent global warming.

C．Using bioenergy to reduce environmental pollution.

D．Protecting present resources instead of developing new ones.

6 . In nature, octopuses (章鱼) hunt mainly with their sense of touch, using their eight arms to feel out their environment for hidden creatures. Researchers at the University of Minnesota recently studied a different way octopuses hunt—when they identify prey (猎物) based on sight. The study findings show that the marine creatures are quite consistent and methodical in how they approach prey.

Lead researcher Trevor Wardill and his team placed California two-spot octopuses into water tanks, hiding them in caves where they would have one eye looking out. They then placed either fiddler crabs or white shrimp in the tanks to see how the octopuses would try to catch them, capturing the interactions on video. The crabs and shrimp behave differently when trying to escape from predators (捕猎者), so using both species gave the researchers an opportunity to see whether this led the octopuses to use a different arm for hunting depending on the prey.

Wardill’s team found that the octopuses almost always used the same arm to grab their prey. Specifically, the second arm from the middle of the octopuses’ body, on the same side of their body as the eye, caught the prey. If they needed more arms to grab prey, they would use the ones next to the second arm.

The octopuses also attacked differently depending on the prey. When faced with crabs, an octopus would move suddenly on top of the crab with its whole body. However, when catching shrimp, the octopuses would take one arm and reach out very slowly toward the shrimp, then grab it and latch (缠住) onto it with its other arms to pull it in.

Wardill and his team hope to do more research. They want to study the octopus’s brain as it attacks pre y to develop a better understanding of what role the creature’s nervous system plays in selecting the arms it uses.

1. What is the recent study mainly about?

A．Octopuses’ ability to hide itself.	B．Octopuses’ way to track prey.
C．Octopuses’ hunting mode via eyes.	D．Octopuses’ method of perceiving the environment.

2. What can we learn about the octopuses in the study?

A．They adopt different strategies to hunt.	B．They stretch arms slowly to catch crabs.
C．They move suddenly to prey on shrimps.	D．They use the second arm to catch prey anytime.

3. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the octopuses?

A．Whether they’re nervous in hunting.	B．How their nerves work during hunting.
C．How they choose their arms in hunting.	D．Whether they use their brain during hunting.

4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text?

A．Octopuses: Skillful Hunters	B．Octopuses: One-armed Predators
C．Octopuses: A Sharp-eyed Species	D．Octopuses: A Mysterious Creature

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In southern China, there is a famous road     1    (build) across Poyang Lake, which lies in the north of Jiangxi Province, China and is known as China’s second     2     (large) lake. People in China also call it “the most beautiful road under the water.”

This road is sure     3     (attract) a lot of attention towards the end of May every year. A lot of people come out of     4     (curious). The water level of the lake is so close to the surface of the road,     5     makes the view ahead broad and bright when people drive along. It’s as though they were taking a boat across the lake. The feeling is     6     (simple) wonderful!

For the next few months, this road is not above the surface    7    under the water. When the water level of Poyang Lake starts to go up, the road surface becomes unseen. However, drivers can still drive across the lake safely     8     watching the guardrails(防撞护栏) fixed on either side of the road. For thrill-seeking motorists, it’s like     9     (drive) an amphibious(水陆两栖的) super car. Then in a few days, the entire road     10     (flood) with the continuously rising water. A few months later, the road will reappear.

8 . On a cold winter night, Andrew, a 22-year-old Canadian, suffered a heart attack and collapsed to the floor, unconscious.______, his dog, a 4-year-old Husky named Koda, didn’t______. Instead, the clever dog sprang into action and called 911.

Koda ______the emergency number on a cell phone. The 911 operator heard______on the other end of the line and sent a police officer to conduct a(n) ______ . When the officer arrived at the house, he found Koda barking at the front door, ______to lead him inside.

The officer quickly realized that something was______and followed Koda into the bedroom, where he found Andrew______on the floor. The officer called an ambulance and Andrew was rushed to the hospital, where he received timely______ .

Andrew said that he had______Koda to call 911 by pressing his nose against the phone’s screen. He never thought that Koda would______use the skill in a real emergency.

The story of Koda’s_______act has gone viral (疯传), with people around the world praising the dog’s______and loyalty. This heartwarming tale is a(n)______of the special bond between humans and their pets. Koda may not be able to speak, but he communicated in a way that______a life — and that’s something truly remarkable.

1.

A．Besides

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

2.

A．panic

B．bite

C．care

D．escape

3.

A．stored

B．remembered

C．dialed

D．chose

4.

A．silence

B．sighs

C．screams

D．barks

5.

A．negotiation

B．investigation

C．experiment

D．survey

6.

A．pretending

B．refusing

C．trying

D．deciding

7.

A．missing

B．different

C．wrong

D．strange

8.

A．lying

B．sitting

C．resting

D．struggling

9.

A．advice

B．information

C．support

D．treatment

10.

A．trained

B．persuaded

C．allowed

D．warned

11.

A．gradually

B．actually

C．occasionally

D．immediately

12.

A．adventurous

B．selfless

C．considerate

D．heroic

13.

A．honesty

B．creativity

C．patience

D．intelligence

14.

A．reminder

B．explanation

C．test

D．prediction

15.

A．spared

B．changed

C．saved

D．created

9 . “I like pigs,” Winston Churchill supposedly once said. “Dogs look up to us. Cats look down on us. Pigs treat us as equals.” Whether Churchill’s contemporary George Orwell also liked pigs is less clear. But he, too, surely saw something in them that was lacking in many domestic (驯养的) animals, for it was they who ended up running the show in his novel, Animal Farm. Pigs, then, are intelligent social creatures.

And, like all animals, they sometimes fight. Some pigs tend to be attackers; others tend to be victims. Who is what depends largely on weight. Among pigs, pounds mean power. The attacker might bite, kick or push the victim. Most conflicts end in seconds, but some last a minute or two.

In most animal species fights would be like that. However, many of the conflicts among pigs Dr Norscia, a biologist, observed had interested parties beyond the fighters. He therefore wanted to understand the role of these bystanders in solving conflicts—and what this says about pigs’ cognitive (认知的) abilities.

Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict, though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight. Sometimes, he found, the fighters reconciled with each other on their own. The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them.

On other occasions, however, a third pig stepped in. Sometimes this bystander interacted with the attacker, which reduced the number of attacks coming after. Sometimes, the bystander interacted with the victim. This appeared to calm the victim down, for it reduced anxiety-related behavior.

Social intelligence need not, though, be entirely selfless. Pigs are more likely to step in after a conflict if they are closely related to either the attacker or the victim. This is probably an example of kin selection (亲属选择), which favors the development of behavior.

1. Why are Churchill and Orwell mentioned at the beginning?

A．To show their preference for pigs.	B．To add some related backgrounds.
C．To introduce the topic of the text.	D．To present their attitude to animals.

2. What is special about pigs’ fights?

A．They aim to show power.	B．They have audiences.
C．They last a little bit longer.	D．They happen more often.

3. What does the underlined word “reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4?

A．Caught up.

B．Kept in touch.

C．Made up.

D．Changed in tune.

4. Which of the following reflects pigs’ social intelligence?

A．Offering comfort to victim pigs.	B．Forming special bonds with strangers.
C．Sticking to their behavior.	D．Caring for others with selfless devotion.

10 . Open an app at your smart phone and scan the code bar on the garbage can. When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get from doing so.     1     It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about the smart garbage can.

    2     The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way.

In some cities, a variety of multifunctional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with an LED screen, which not only shows national policies on garbage classification but also shows the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some articles of daily use.     3     Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some Internal sensors. When people throw garbage into it, the internal sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them.     4    

Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue.    5     With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.

A．Garbage sorting has been a new fashion.

B．Another kind of garbage can is even smarter.

C．It is no wonder that residents cheered for their presence.

D．Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities.

E．It will affect China’s transformation towards green development.

F．Over 200 million tons of garbage is produced each year in some cities.

G．The good habit of garbage classification can improve the living environment.