1 . 将下面五个句子按括号内要求进行翻译并连成一篇微作文。
1. 十世纪最致命的地震之一袭击了唐山，给这座城市带来了巨大的破坏。(damage，v-ing表结果)
2. 在地震中去世或受重伤的人数超过了30万。(the number of，who引导定语从句)
3. 幸存者们目光所及，只有砖块和尘土。(everywhere引导状语从句)
4. 在政府强大支持和市民不懈努力下，城市开始自我复苏。(with，revive)
5. 这个故事证明在灾难来临之时，人们必须团结并且重建更光明的未来。(prove，in times of)
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2 . This summer, daytime temperatures topped 100 degrees for a full month in northwest China. Southern Europe experienced waves of 100-plus degree days. Heat waves show a serious reality: human-driven climate change is making extreme heat worse worldwide. But health-threatening heat isn’t the only result of record-breaking weather: air pollution happens when the temperatures rise according to a new report from the World Meteorological Organization.

The new report, which focuses on 2022, shows the growing risk of air pollution connected to wildfires. Hotter temperatures increase the risk of large the risk of large, hot-burning fires, which can pump enormous plumes of smoke into the air. That smoke causes health problems near the fire but also for people thousands of miles downwind.

Extreme heat, also drives up the likelihood of drought, which in turn makes big dust storms more likely. Great clouds of fine dust blew off major deserts last year, particularly affecting the Arabian Peninsula region. Southern Europe also got hit by a major dust storm after a heat wave baked the deserts of northern Africa in the summer.

“That’s a very bad combination of conditions,” says Julie Nicely, an atmospheric chemist at the University of Maryland, who worked on the report. That mix is particularly dangerous for elderly people, or people with breathing sensitivities. “That is very bad for the lungs and the cardiovascular (心血管),” she says.

Air pollution levels have dropped in the past few decades in response to environmental regulations like the Clean Air Act in the United States. Ozone pollution (臭氧污染), however, remains a problem. The report authors point out that the extra heat in the atmosphere driven by climate change overpowers even the gains made by strict environmental protections. The authors suggested focusing on the importance of slowing or changing human-caused climate change as quickly as possible.

“Climate change and air quality cannot be treated separately. They go hand in hand and must be solved together to break this cycle,” WMO Secretary General Petteri Taalas said in a press release.

1. Why is the extreme weather in northwest China and southern Europe mentioned in Para l?

A．To introduce the topic.

B．To show the serious situation.

C．To warn people of the bad weather.

D．To compare two countries’ weather.

2. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A．Air pollution is likely to be solved in the future.

B．Climate change and air quality are closely connected.

C．It’s no use slowing or changing human-caused climate change.

D．People’s efforts to protect the environment make no difference.

3. What’s the result of environmental regulation like the Clean Air Act?

A．It deals with the air pollution completely.

B．It makes a big difference to the air problem.

C．It has made the problem of air pollution worse.

D．It is partly effective in dealing with air pollution.

4. Where is the text most probably taken from?

A．A science magazine.

B．A travel brochure.

C．A research paper.

D．An encyclopedia.

3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What are the special boards used for?

A．Keeping sunshine out.

B．Covering buildings.

C．Producing energy.

2. Where are the gardens?

A．On the roofs.

B．In the backyards.

C．Next to the work stations.

3. How will Molly go home today?

A．By bike.

B．By bus.

C．By car.

4. What does Molly say about BedZED?

A．The public transportation is poor.

B．There’s much parking space.

C．It is environment-friendly.

4 . On August 19, smoke filled the sky over Sao Paulo, Brazil. The smoke was coming from the Amazon rainforest, hundreds of miles away. Some parts of the rainforest had been burning for several weeks. But people can make few efforts to stop it.

The Amazon is the largest rainforest in the world. About 60% of it is in Brazil. The Amazon is home to millions of species of plants and animals. It is also important to the health of the earth. Its trees take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and replace it with oxygen. This helps slow climate change.

Experts believe the fires were set on purpose. In general, it’s against the law to start a fire in the rain-forest. But it’s not uncommon. Farmers regularly do so. They clear land so they can plant crops and raise cattle for beef production.

Since 1978, some 289,000 square miles of the Amazon have been destroyed. Deforestation (滥伐森林) was the most serious in the early 2000s. Then, the Brazilian government began to deal with illegal fires. This greatly slowed the tree loss. But the new president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro, wants to cut down on environmental protection. Since he took power, Brazil has rolled back efforts to prevent deforestation.

So what you can do in the future is help protect the Amazon. Raise money for organization such as the Rainforest Alliance and Amazon Watch which are working to raise awareness and protect the rainforest. Tell companies to make sure their practices don’t harm the environment. Take a look at our own habits. If we reduce the amount of meat we eat and paper we use, we can reduce deforestation.

1. What do we know about the Amazon?

A．It plays an important role.

B．It has the most animals.

C．It has 60% rainforest in the world.

D．It has solved the problem of climate change.

2. What caused the fires according to experts?

A．Animals’ dying out.

B．Humans’ influence.

C．Natural disaster.

D．Plants’ shortage.

3. What do the underlined word “rolled back”in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Started.

B．Improved.

C．Reduced.

D．Gained.

4. What can we do in the future to protect the Amazon?

A．Give away what we have.

B．Punish companies for their illegal fires.

C．Change laws about forests immediately.

D．Develop good habits friendly to the earth.

5 . Humans have many unique behaviors among animals. For example, we have a formal language that permits communication about things that exist in the past, present, and future. Yet we share at least one emotion with many other species fear.

To really understand our fears we have to go further to study how animals long before humans came into being assessed (评估) and managed predation (捕食) risk in the wild. All animals, past and present, must assess life-threatening predation risks (风险) and make decisions to avoid or otherwise manage those risks. It is a proper balance: being too fearful is costly if fear means that you miss out on getting food, mates, or other important resources. However, being too brazen could end very poorly indeed. It is the context that influences all decisions. If they’re hungry, it’s wise to take more risks or they will go hungry. And, if they’re powerful and can steal food from others at will, perhaps it’s OK to be a bit more careful. Successful individuals are those that make right assessment, and because of this, leave more descendants.

Natural expressions of fear influence the structure of ecological communities, and the removal of predators changes entire ecosystems. To manage predation risks, animals modify(调整) their activity patterns, habitat selection,   and their diet. Fear of predators can also reduce an individual’s reproductive(繁殖)success. All of these fear-driven modifications can have a great influence on both the environment and the diversity of many species. Fear, as it turns out, is an essential part of healthy ecosystems and helps keep biodiversity.

Fear is a natural emotion, and that it’s impossible to completely avoid it. It is comforting to know that fear comes from a long line of ancestors, both human and nonhuman. It is a compass(指南针)that, when used I properly, guides us away from danger and toward opportunity.

1. What do we know about animals’ risk assessment and management according to paragraph 2?

A．Animals are too fearful to make right assessments.

B．Animals will fail to get food when they are fearful.

C．Animals have to make proper decisions based on different situations.

D．Animals which arc more fearful are more likely to make right assessment.

2. What does the underlined word “brazen“ mean in paragraph 2?

A．brave

B．afraid

C．hungry

D．strong

3. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?

A．The ways animals manage fear

B．The influence fear has on ecosystem

C．The approaches to keeping a healthy ecosystem

D．The problems fear brings about to the ecosystem

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Fear from Our Deep Past	B．Survival of the bravest
C．Emotion from human and nonhuman.	D．Path to risk management

6 . You’ve probably eaten a hot dog and felt like the underdog — but have you ever spotted a sundog?

A sundog is a weather event that causes two bright bursts of rainbow colored light to appear on either side of the sun. It is located approximately 22 degrees either left, right, or both, from the sun, depending on where the ice crystals (冰晶体) are. If the sun were a clock, you would see them around 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock. Sometimes sundogs appear with a halo (光环) around the sun. They can be very beautiful, with a reddish glow closest to the sun and a bluish white center. Sundogs can be seen during any season but are most often seen during the winter months when the sun is lower in the sky. You are also more likely to see them early or late in the day, when the sun is near the horizon (地平线).The most brilliant sundogs happen on sunny days.

Conditions need to be just right for sundogs to appear. Sunlight passes through high, cold cirrus clouds (卷云). These clouds contain flat, 6-sided ice crystals. If the plate-like crystals go toward the ground horizontally with the large face towards the earth, light is reflected through the sides. The crystals act as prisms (棱镜), separating the light and making the sundog.

Throughout history, sundogs have been used to predict weather because they often indicate that snow or rain is on its way. Some people believed that sundogs were a sign of good luck or encouragement, while others saw them as a warning from God.

Famous authors such as William Shakespeare and Jack London have described sundogs in stories and poems as both frightening and amazing. Artists have been inspired to catch the beauty of sundogs in drawings, paintings, and photography, and rock bands have even written songs about them.

1. What can we learn about sundogs from the second paragraph?

A．Sundogs can be used to tell the time.	B．Sundogs are most common in winter.
C．Sundogs always come after a rainbow.	D．Sundogs predict the coming of sunny days.

2. In which situation will sundogs come into being?

A．The clouds separate the sunlight.

B．The plate turns its face towards the earth.

C．The crystals go toward the ground horizontally.

D．Ice crystals are positioned with their flat sides horizontal to the ground.

3. Why do people use sundogs to predict weather?

A．Because people think they stand for bad luck	B．Because sundogs are beyond their recognition.
C．Because a rain or snow often comes after them.	D．Because people consider it as a warning from God.

4. Why does the author mention Shakespeare and Jack London?

A．To prove sundogs are magical events.

B．To show sundogs have long attracted great attention.

C．To encourage writers to describe sundogs in their works.

D．To remind people that they are good at writing stories and poems

7 . Last year in early summer, I was walking to my house when I saw two large birds standing in my yard. They didn’t seem to _______ me until I was right in front of them and then they _______ disappeared into the nearby bushes. I was quite excited by the _______ of two special birds making a nest (巢) in my yard．

A few weeks later, the birds _______. I found them crouching (蹲伏) beside a tree. As I approached them, they _______ their heads and made a croaking (嘶哑地叫) sound. I didn’t know why they were croaking at me until a short time later I made an amazing _______: there were two small birds _______ around happily.

As I inched towards the birds, _______ not to make sudden movements, they started their croaking again, putting their necks forward so they seemed _______ and more threatening.

The mother put the baby birds under her wings and carefully crouched down over them so her babies were well ________.

I was watching them with respect when I suddenly ________ and fell to the ground. The mother took this as a/an ________ and the father raced towards me, ________ his wings to protect the mother and the baby birds.

I felt sorry to have disturbed them and left quickly. I am amazed by their ________ actions. Their parental love made them so courageous. It is hard not to show ________ for nature.

1.

A．remind

B．confirm

C．notice

D．protest

2.

A．immediately

B．familiarly

C．creatively

D．slowly

3.

A．feeling

B．sense

C．opinion

D．idea

4.

A．investigated

B．removed

C．gathered

D．reappeared

5.

A．stuck out

B．put down

C．hang out

D．turned around

6.

A．collection

B．discovery

C．conclusion

D．mission

7.

A．jumping

B．fighting

C．seeking

D．marching

8.

A．curious

B．patient

C．worried

D．careful

9.

A．neater

B．simpler

C．longer

D．stronger

10.

A．fed

B．hidden

C．raised

D．identified

11.

A．tripped

B．moved

C．alarmed

D．responded

12.

A．target

B．defence

C．threat

D．escape.

13.

A．shooting

B．spilling

C．folding

D．spreading

14.

A．military

B．individual

C．brave

D．average

15.

A．gratitude

B．respect

C．emotion

D．pleasure

8 . When gardeners grow varieties of plants in their beautiful gardens, they are happy to see beneficial insects like bees and butterflies surrounding the flowers. But as they take a closer look, they may find some plants are covered in black dots and filled with harmful insects or pests. Some gardeners may immediately reach for chemicals.     1     Although it may stop the insect problem, it will also threaten bees and butterflies which help the plants reproduce.

If you are wise gardeners, you should first take preventive measures to control the harmful insects.     2     Only when there are too many harmful insects, should pest control be considered. The first defense should always be the safest method available.

Prevention

As a rule, prevention is the best treatment. Inspect plants closely, including their leaves, before buying them from the store.     3    

When planting, space plants out to permit them to grow to their full size. Plants too close together can breed harmful organisms, like bacteria.

    4     They invite pests if permitted to remain on the ground. When you do see pests, wash them away. Use rubbing alcohol to remove some insects, or pick them off the plants.

Pesticides

If you decide a pesticide is necessary, choose it carefully and follow the directions and warnings on the product. Avoid using pesticides in extreme heat, on windy days, or when the plants are wet.     5     At the time, beneficial insects are inactive. You can consider removing flowers from the plants to lessen the risk that beneficial insects will come in contact with the pesticides.

A．But this is not wise.

B．In most cases, chemicals don’t help.

C．Treat the plants early in the morning or at night.

D．Also do remember the plants need nutrition and care.

E．Keep your garden free of fallen leaves, fruits and other wastes.

F．Do not bring any plants home that show signs of disease or pests.

G．The process starts with the idea that having some pests is acceptable.

9 . At around 3 p.m. on Monday, Erin Wilson stopped at a picnic area along Highway 299. She began walking her two-year-old sheepdog, Eva, along a path when a mountain lion _________ and attacked Wilson, who screamed — catching the _________ of her 2-year-old Belgian Malinois, Eva, who had been wandering ahead, immediately returned to _________ her owner. The mountain lion then _________ the 55-pound dog and bit onto the bodyguard’s head. Wilson _________ without success to fight off the lion with stones, so she ran up to the road, frantically trying to flag someone down.

Sharon Houston, who was driving by, saw Wilson and _________. After learning about the mountain lion attack, without _________ Houston jumped out of her car with her pepper spray (喷雾剂) and also grabbed a stick. The two women _________ to the scene in the forest, where the struggle was going on, with the mountain lion still _________ to let go of the dog. They both started hitting it and yelling __________ it finally set loose the bleeding dog.

Eva eventually __________. Houston pepper sprayed the mountain lion in the face, and it immediately turned away and __________. Eva was gravely injured, and Wilson __________ drove Eva to a vet (兽医). After spending several days there, the dog was __________. Now Eva, lying on her own bed with her favorite toys, is on the road to __________. “My dog is my hero and I owe her my life,” Wilson said.

1.

A．fed

B．withdrew

C．reacted

D．approached

2.

A．recreation

B．attention

C．acknowledgement

D．recognition

3.

A．welcome

B．follow

C．defend

D．disturb

4.

A．turned on

B．turned down

C．turned over

D．turned into

5.

A．managed

B．attempted

C．escaped

D．tended

6.

A．pulled out

B．pulled down

C．pulled up

D．pulled on

7.

A．hesitation

B．permission

C．confidence

D．comparison

8.

A．adapted

B．responded

C．hurried

D．referred

9.

A．insisting

B．agreeing

C．submitting

D．refusing

10.

A．as

B．until

C．when

D．while

11.

A．woke

B．performed

C．died

D．escaped

12.

A．showed interest

B．restored power

C．lost control

D．took flight

13.

A．peacefully

B．patiently

C．urgently

D．secretly

14.

A．released

B．adopted

C．restored

D．infected

15.

A．freedom

B．recovery

C．happiness

D．safety

10 . Tired of the busy and chaotic life in Las Vegas, Nevada for nearly ten years, my family and I decided to slow things down. We wanted to lead an environmental-friendly life.

None of us felt that this could be accomplished where we were living and we all agreed that a move to the country would be great for everyone.

Before long we set about looking for a home in Yucca, Arizona, a very small town of less than 1,000 people. When I called to inquire about the property, I was informed that there was no electricity available in the area. What? No electricity? I almost denied the idea immediately. But what better way is there to go green? After giving it a second thought, we decided to put in an offer and moved in on Thanksgiving Day.

When we first moved to the property, we did some remodeling (改造) and stayed in our motor home. We were confronted with real challenges at the time. But the frustrations just made us work harder. We slowly got things fixed and moved into the house after 38 days.

While living here for the past four months has been a big adjustment, there are many benefits to living off the grid (电线). I think one of the most educational lessons is teaching my kids the importance of conservation. They used to take water, power and gas for granted. We started taking quicker showers, doing only full loads of laundry, turning off the water while brushing our teeth. In addition, we are also trying to make other changes which include reducing the amount of trash we generate by recycling, growing our own organic vegetables and re-purposing things that we would normally throw.

Overall, going off the grid has been great for our family. I hope that once my kids move out of the house, they will keep the habits that they have learned by living off the grid.

1. Why did the family move to a remote town?

A．Financial debt forced them to save more money.

B．Having a new lifestyle has become a trend.

C．They reached an agreement to lead a green life.

D．They got a discount on a property accidentally.

2. How did the author feel when she knew the property was non-electricity?

A．Satisfied.

B．Astonished.

C．Relieved.

D．Refreshed.

3. When the author’s kids looked back on the life off the grid, they would recall the lesson that_______.

A．saving resources makes a difference	B．life is beyond our expectation
C．city chaos will disappear sooner or later	D．repair the house before it rains

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．How urgent it was to lead an environmental-friendly life.

B．How a family of urban-residents switched to a simple life.

C．How significant it was to better adapt to a new environment.

D．How a carbon-free lifestyle has been promoted to the country.