1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The West Lake, a symbolic attraction in Hangzhou, is regarded as one of the most fascinating sights in China.

The West Lake is divided into five sections by a mountain     1     three causeways (堤坝). Three islands stand in the lake. Two pagodas (塔) face each other across the lake. It is a perfect place for visitors     2     (experience) the lifestyle of local people.

Su Causeway is one of the best-known sites of the West Lake. It is a long causeway with willow trees and other plants     3     either side. When spring comes, the causeway is blanketed by peach blossoms and willow catkins (柳絮)，    4     (create) an especially beautiful scene.

Three Pools Mirroring the Moon is perhaps the most famous. Its image     5     (print) on the one yuan banknotes. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival,     6     the moon shines full and bright in the sky, a candle is lit inside each of the three pagodas on the water. The light from the pagoda windows and the moon     7     (cast) their reflection on the water, hence the name.

Leifeng Pagoda is the oldest     8     (color) bronze pagoda in China. On the top of it, tourists can enjoy the whole view of the West Lake, particularly when the sunset shines over the pagoda. It is also     9     ideal place for photographing.

To admire the lake’s beauty, visitors can walk around it. This way, you can experience     10     (much) of nature.

2 . Mushrooms on a log may each seem like quiet, separate organisms, but they are actually the above-ground fruit belonging to a fungus (真菌)，connected to the large organism by a root network called mycelium (菌丝). Although mushrooms may not seem very talkative either, a new study shows electrical signals travelling through their mycelium network could help the organism communicate.

According to the research, some mushrooms can use electrical impulse (脉冲) to share and process information in their body. When signal activity increases, it creates complicated patterns that may function like words in human speech.

Previous research has found that mushrooms can send electrical signals underground through long, thread-like structures, which expand to form a network of mycelium. It works like nerve cells that send signals to other parts of the human body. Some studies have shown that electrical activity will increase when the mycelium of wood-digesting mushrooms touches blocks, which may indicate that mushrooms can use these impulses to share information about food or injury.

In the new study, four species were analyzed. Researchers listened to the mushrooms’ chat using tiny electrodes (电极) connected to mycelium to measure the power in signal activity. Each result in the activity was organized into several groups and given a linguistic (语言的) and information complexity analysis. The power varied in duration and length, with some lasting up to 21 hours. The electrical points resembled a human vocabulary of up to 50 words. However, only 15 to 20 mushrooms’ words are used frequently.

Mushrooms’ words are also similar in length to human words. The mushroom’s word length averaged over the four species is 5.97, which is of the same range as an average word length in some human languages. For instance, it is 4.8 in English and 6 in Russian.

While the research shows mushrooms can produce patterns of electrical signals, there’s no way to tell what they are talking about, if they are at all. Though comparing the mushroom’s electrical signals to human speech is interesting and notable, some researchers are doubtful. “Though interesting, the interpretation as language seems somewhat overenthusiastic and requires more research,” says Dan Bebber from the University of Exeter.

1. How do mushrooms communicate according to the research?

A．Through their mycelium.

B．Through their nerve cells.

C．Through electrical signals.

D．Through the root network.

2. What do the studies suggest about mushroom communication?

A．It is similar to human speech in several aspects.

B．It is far too complicated to understand anything.

C．It is not impulses that they use to communicate.

D．It is easy to tell the exact information they share.

3. What does Dan Bebber think of “the interpretation as language”?

A．It is simply unquestionable.

B．It is definitely contradictory.

C．It is absolutely groundless.

D．It is not convincing enough.

4. Which magazine is the text probably taken from?

A．Health Guide.	B．Science World.
C．Travel Journal.	D．Business Week.

3 . Much like people whose relatives or friends have died, orphaned (成为孤儿的) elephants get by with a little help from their friends, according to a study.

Scientists in the United States and Kenya analysed stress hormones (激素) in the baby elephants whose mothers had died, expecting to find higher levels. Instead, the support of their peers appeared to reduce the orphans’ level of anxiety.

The study, published last week in the journal Communications Biology, concluded that social relationships have a psychological impact on the young elephants. Elephants have strong familial and group ties. Before the age of nine, baby elephants rarely move away more than 30 feet (nine metres) from their mothers, and even a few hours of separation lead to joyous reunion. The bond between female elephants and their young has long been thought to reduce stress.

Expecting to find that the orphaned elephants, which tend to die early at a higher rate than those whose mothers are still alive, would be more depressed, the team analysed stress hormone levels in the waste matter of 36 young elephants in the nature reserves in northern Kenya between 2015 and 2016. Twenty-five of the elephants had lost their mothers to drought or hunting between 2009 and 2013, when a rise in the demand for ivory left many elephants on the reserves motherless.

However, the researchers were surprised to find that long-term stress hormone levels were similar among orphans and elephants with living mothers. Jenna Parker, the study’s main author and a professor at Colorado State University, said their unexpected resilience is directly linked to social support from other elephants, specifically companions of a similar age. Those with more “friends” had significantly lower stress hormone levels. The results may encourage elephant orphanages to pair up animals to help them to recover from loss and adapt to future threats.

It could be a timely move as interactions between humans and elephants are on the rise, thanks in part to drought related to climate change. Experts say the increased conflict is a threat to Kenya’s 36,000 strong elephant population.

1. What did the scientists focus on about orphaned elephants in the study?

A．Their peers.

B．Their family.

C．Their psychology.

D．Their growth.

2. What can we learn from paragraph 3?

A．Separation is necessary for younger elephants.

B．Young elephants are attached to their mothers.

C．Younger elephants are fond of wandering alone.

D．Female elephants dominate young elephants’ life.

3. What does the underlined word “resilience” probably mean in paragraph 5?

A．Difference.

B．Anxiety.

C．Recovery.

D．Result.

4. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A．Orphaned Elephants Find Relief in Friends.

B．Elephants Have a Strong Bond with Mothers.

C．Stress Levels are Higher in Young Elephants.

D．Orphaned Elephants Have Been Suffering a Lot.

4 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is the man doing today?

A．Playing soccer.

B．Watching soccer on TV.

C．Going to a soccer game.

2. What is the weather going to be like?

A．Sunny.

B．Cloudy.

C．Rainy.

3. When did Tina begin to play soccer?

A．Three years ago.

B．Seven years ago.

C．Eleven years ago.

4. What is Tina’s dream?

A．To play in the Olympics.

B．To attend college.

C．To get a scholarship.

5 . 14 million liters of water get wasted every year, just through the water we leave behind in restaurants. Are you shocked? Yes, but what can you do with it? The same question concerned Garvita Gulhati. But unlike the rest of us, who gave a shrug and moved on with our lives, she refused to let the fire in her die down.

She started by setting up Why Waste?, a non-profit organization with the help of four friends in 2016. They worked with restaurants by persuading them to serve half-full glasses of water. The Glass Half Full concept aims to help prevent wastage of water left in glasses while also educating the public as well as restaurants about the need of taking care of the limited water resources.

However, persuading restaurant owners was challenging. Most owners said it was against the basic rules of welcoming guests to keep a half-filled glass at the table where customers sat. But Gulhati refused to give up and came up with new strategies to try to persuade restaurant owners and staff to change their ways. Several campaigns (活动) were organized in public spaces to increase awareness.

“So far, the campaign has been successfully launched by over 80,000 restaurants across India. People have become more aware and this simple step has helped save millions of liters of water across the country,” says Gulhati, adding, “Next time you eat out, make sure your glasses are empty before leaving the food joint.” Gulhati further says, “After launching the Glass Half Full campaign, we wanted to design a module, which would attract more people to save water.”

1. Why did Gulhati come up with the Glass Half Full concept?

A．To publicize water safety.	B．To prevent water pollution.
C．To educate people to save water.	D．To help the restaurants recycle water.

2. What was restaurant owners’ attitude to Gulhati’s persuasion at first?

A．Curious.

B．Angry.

C．Worried.

D．Interested.

3. What does Gulhati call on us to do?

A．Reuse our waste water.	B．Eat out less to save water.
C．Bring our own water when possible.	D．Empty the glasses when eating outside.

4. Which of the following can best describe Gulhati?

A．Brave and successful.	B．Responsible and determined.
C．Creative and confident.	D．Outgoing and humorous.

6 . 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完蔡的故事，

With two bags of cat food in her arms, Manuela couldn’t stop smiling as she walked toward the familiar shop on the corner. She was making her weekly visit to see Hussein the barber. He spotted her through the picture window of his quiet shop and burst through the door and into the sunlight. The two hurried over to the tiny food dishes lined up in the alley. Soon the sound of cat food clinked (叮当声) against the bowls and several stiff tailed cats began to appear.

Here in Turkey, there was a cultural aversion (厌恶) to cats and dogs, those who fed the animals were often scorned (轻蔑). But Hussein paid no mind to those who glared at him. He took his time in the alley, kneeling for the longest while, stroking each cat and speaking softly. Hussein was simply a man who loved with his whole heart, and in this moment, he was lost in the comfort of his family.

As the two finished up and made their way back inside the shop, Hussein’s smile faded and Manuela couldn’t help but notice that he was beginning to look rather thin. Manuela, a native of Germany, has led a volunteer animal rescue program in Turkey for the last three years, but the language came slowly. Only by chance, when a multilingual (懂多国语) friend arrived, did the room begin to darken as Hussein explained that he was about to lose his barber shop.

After decades in the same tiny room, Hussein had been told that he must leave. His little barbershop simply didn’t pay enough rent and with so few customers calling for his “old-fashioned” services, the landlord had invited in another tenant (租客)...one who wouldn’t be feeding animals outside.

Manuela’s eyes began to flood as Hussein expressed his worry for the cats he cared for. There were only seven days before Hussein would move out and Manuela feared for this very survival and for that of the animals who depended on him.

注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右：
2.应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语：
3.续写部分分为两段，每段开头语已为你写好：
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语，
Paragraph 1:

She decided to do something for Hussein through the Internet.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2

There still remained one problem:where to reopen his barber shop.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . Owning a pet is a fun and rewarding experience. But every animal and their needs are different, so how can you make sure that you choose the right one for you?     1    

Do your research

You may like the look of a particular pet but that doesn’t mean they’re right for you.     2    ,so think carefully about what you want from your pet and do some research before you take one on. Some breeds may require more vet care than others. Flat faced breeds such as French bulldogs and pugs can suffer a number of health issues over their lifetime.

Think about your lifestyle

For example, if you work full time and you want a dog, who would take care of them during the day? If you want a cat, will they have access to outside space while you’re out?     3    

    4    

From everyday things like insurance, food and toys to unexpected vet bills, having a pet is certainly a financial commitment. Make sure you factor in how much your new pet will cost before you choose them.

Think about a rescue pet

Thousands of homeless pets are desperate for a good home. Charities like Blue Cross can offer support and advice about individual pets and help you find the right one for you.     5    

A．Do your sums

B．Finance comes first

C．Here are some top tips from national pet charity Blue Cross.

D．They will be vaccinated so they offer great value compared to buying from a seller.

E．Don’t purchase online with multiple breeds or types of pets-they may be cruel to pets.

F．Take the requirements of different pets into account to make sure they’re the right choice.

G．Every pet has its own personality and certain breeds of animals often have strong characteristics.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Water shortage is one of the     1     (great) crises facing us today, with two thirds of the global population living in areas     2     water is scarce(稀缺的) for a month or more every year. There are two contributing factors to this problem: increasing global demand     3     water, and unsustainable means by which these demands are being met. Yet, despite global water usage already increasing threefold(三倍) over the last fifty years, it     4    (predict) that there will be a further 60%-100% increase in water usage by 2050.

This is not just     5     matter of turning the tap off when you brush your     6     (tooth), cutting your showers down to 3 minutes, or sharing the washing-load with your flatmates. In fact, daily activities of human make up less than 4% of our total water consumption, with the     7     (remain) 92% falling into two ‘invisible’ categories: the industrial production of household items, and the production of food. Astonishingly, 69% of our total daily water consumption comes from the     8     (grow) and production of food alone.

    9     (unfortunate), there is no single go-to refererence book for the exact number of litres used in the production of any individual food item. This is a hard pill to swallow, for we have other factors     10     (consider) when weighing up the benefits of every food choice: taste, cost and convenience.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

China has seen great benefits since the launch of its carbon trading market a year ago.

The program has played     1     important role in raising low-carbon awareness. Although it only gets the power generation industry involved now, the initiative of pricing carbon emissions (排放) has boosted the     2     (develop) of carbon-related services in industries beyond. Right now more than 9,800 companies are providing such services, of which over 1,800     3     (establish) last year.

Carbon trading is the process of buying and selling permits to send out greenhouse gases. Opened     4     July 16, 2021, the market now includes     5     (national) 2,162 power-generating companies, covering about 4.5 billion tons of carbon emissions. That has made China the world’s     6     (large) market for carbon trading. The program puts carbon emission limits on every unit of electricity a power plant generates. After each cycle of trading, companies     7     have leftover carbon allowances (额度) can sell them to others. If     8     (fall) short, they’ll have to buy allowances.

The program has proven its value in motivating companies     9     (reduce) emissions at a lower cost. However, officials say China needs to make further efforts to improve the support systems, get the market to run smoothly     10     enhance the quality of carbon emission data.

10 . Some penguins (企鹅) adapt their calls to become more similar to their partners over time, an ability that was previously known in only a few species, including humans.

Luigi Baciadonna at the University of Turin, Italy, and his coworkers recorded African penguins from three different colonies (群体) over three years, and also observed the behavioral patterns of one of the colonies to see which penguins were partners or friendly.

They then analyzed specific vocal (声音的) calls, which the penguins made when they were alone or trying to keep track of their friends. They compared four distinct vocal signatures such as the frequency of the calls. The signatures became more similar over time for penguins that were partners or in the same colony, and for penguins that heard more of each other’s calls.

This adaptation could make it easier for penguins to find their partners and friends in a colony. “Imagine that you are in a pub, you are with your friends and your environment is quite noisy,” says Baciadonna. “What you do is try to talk in a certain way so that your communication is more effective.”

The ability to adapt calls in response to the environment, known as vocal accommodation, is a key part of vocal learning, a more complex set of skills such as producing new sounds through learning. Identifying which species display vocal accommodation could provide clues for how vocal learning developed. Baciadonna and his team also propose that this accommodation could help with group harmony and social bonds between individual penguins.

The distance of penguins from humans on the evolutionary tree suggests that vocal accommodation could be common to many species, but a lot more data needs gathering first. “There could be a huge variety of different species that are able to adapt their calls slightly, but we don’t know that yet,” says Sara Torres Ortiz at the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Munich, Germany.

1. What does the underlined word “signatures” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Effects.

B．Characteristics.

C．Sources.

D．Adjustments.

2. What is the intention of the quotes from Baciadonna in paragraph 4?

A．To explain the reason why penguins adapt their calls.

B．To highlight the role communication plays in social life.

C．To prove humans’ ability to recognize each other’s voices.

D．To stress the difference between human and animal sounds.

3. What remains to be explored according to Sara Torres Ortiz?

A．Whether penguins can promote group harmony.

B．Whether all species can adapt to the environment.

C．Whether more species display vocal accommodation.

D．Whether penguins and humans are similar in vocal learning.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Vocal learning involves a complex set of skills.

B．Vocal accommodation helps build up social bonds.

C．Penguins produce similar sounds even in different colonies.

D．Penguins adapt their accents to sound more like their friends.