注意:
(1) 内容具体, 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
(2)80词左右。
参考词汇: 雾霾 n. haze
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Macquarie Island is a beautiful and
3 . From the age of eight, I attended a little boarding school on the Derbyshire-Staffordshire border. On Sunday afternoons, the
That was the point. To walk to a(n)
Now I have established my home in the landscape of Devon. Here, walking
| A．rescuers | B．parents | C．teachers | D．artists |
| A．record | B．waste | C．save | D．pass |
| A．job | B．habit | C．ambition | D．response |
| A．find | B．catch | C．meet | D．put |
| A．bare | B．solid | C．illegal | D．unfamiliar |
| A．conflicted | B．changed | C．stuck | D．started |
| A．tired | B．gifted | C．committed | D．complicated |
| A．in turn | B．in fact | C．in particular | D．in addition |
| A．apartments | B．locations | C．opportunities | D．challenges |
| A．involved | B．engaged | C．paid | D．lost |
| A．accepts | B．serves | C．treats | D．strikes |
| A．influence on | B．escape from | C．interest in | D．entry to |
| A．block | B．control | C．adjust | D．sense |
| A．direction | B．speed | C．path | D．campus |
| A．new | B．free | C．real | D．complete |
4 . Recycling is a way to take rubbish and turn it into new products. It’s helpful to our environment. There are a number of different recycling steps that allow materials to be used more than once.
All kinds of materials can be recycled. Some of the most common things in use today include recycling plastic, glass, metals and paper. Things made of these materials include soda cans, plastic milk boxes, newspapers, computers and cardboard boxes.
There are a number of advantages for recycling. These include: Landfills—Recycling materials means less rubbish and saves space in landfills. Resources—When we use materials again, this means we can take fewer resources from the earth. Pollution—in general, recycling materials can produce less pollution, helping to keep our environment clean.
Be sure to recycle everything you can in your house and school. There is almost a “recycle” rubbish can around. Be sure to drop your used aluminum (铝) cans and plastic bottles there. At home, be sure to put paper things like the newspapers, paper boxes, and homework pages into the recycling box.
Plastics are usually marked with an identification code that shows a recycling symbol and a number from 1 to 7. This shows that the type of chemicals or materials is used in making the plastic. Used paper can be recycled around seven times.
It is high time we set up a recycling station in every street, across the city and the country, so the cleaners can transport the rubbish smoothly. This is the only way out for handling rubbish without causing danger to the environment and our health. For ourselves, our children and our children’s children, let’s take action NOW!
1. From the first paragraph, we know that ________.| A．we can make more money from recycling | B．recycling is helpful to our environment |
| C．recycling is common and popular | D．there is too much rubbish around us |
| A．less rubbish | B．more space | C．less pollution | D．much waste |
| A．Paper. | B．Plastics. | C．Glass. | D．Metal |
| A．处理 | B．生产 | C．收购 | D．变卖 |
| A．We should recycle everything in our daily life. | B．Many resources can be saved by recycling. |
| C．We should take action to recycle rubbish. | D．Recycling stations should be set up in the street. |
5 . Slowly, a great white shark swims toward the boat and onto a specialized lift. Once the shark is lifted onto the boat, the research team from OCEARCH, a nonprofit that specializes in shark tracking, performs about a dozen procedures.
The work is part of OCEARCH’s efforts to study great whites in the western North Atlantic, a less well-researched population than others around the world. “Here we are at the location of Jaws, and yet we didn’t really know the animals as well as we should,” says Bob Hueter, the chief scientist.
Two young great whites tagged (打标签) in this way, Simon and Jekyll, recently became famous thanks to a social media post that pointed out the pair had been traveling together for 4,000 miles up the North American Atlantic coast. People began to wonder if the sharks might be friends, but the situation is not so simple.
The two males were first tagged off the coast of Georgia in December 2022．The electronic tags transmit (传送) data via satellite when one of the sharks surfaces, allowing researchers to follow the animals’ movements online in real time. When Simon and Jekyll reached Long Island, researchers noticed their tracks were remarkably similar. Then they arrived in Novia Scotia within practically the same day!
Although this was a one-time event, such a similar route for the two sharks over a longtime and distance is significant. Great whites are traditionally viewed as solitary (独行者), but researchers believe they may display some social behaviors like other shark species. One study found that white sharks may remain close while hunting to benefit from food. “Surprisingly, we see more and more that white sharks might fit into that social category,” says Yannis Papastamatiou, a biologist at Florida International University.
However, Salvador Jorgensen, a marine ecologist at California State University, thinks there may be other reasons why the pair followed the same route.
1. What is the purpose of OCEARCH’s efforts?| A．To further study great whites. | B．To attract wildlife lovers. |
| C．To control the number of sharks. | D．To protect natural habitats. |
| A．To distinguish them from other species. | B．To track their travel routes. |
| C．To enable them to swim long distances. | D．To guarantee their safety. |
| A．The average size of the species has declined. |
| B．Many animals like to live in warmer weather. |
| C．The sharks reached Novia Scotia as expected. |
| D．White sharks tend to be social animals at times. |
| A．The patience the pair showed. | B．The hardship the sharks underwent. |
| C．Other factors guiding the pair’s behavior. | D．Coastal waters appealing to white sharks. |
6 . As a research scholar at the Indian Institute for Science Education and Research, I once monitored birds that inhabited grasslands in Daying Ering Memorial Wildlife Sanctuary, a protected area in Northeast India. This habitat forms a part of one of the most bio-diverse places on Earth. Yet despite their ecological importance and uniqueness, most grasslands are classified by the Indian government as “wastelands”.
Ecosystems throughout the world are suffering from the effects of unchecked habitat loss and climate change. While all types of ecosystems—forests, grasslands, oceans, wetlands and deserts—feel these effects, there is evidence of bias (偏好) towards the conservation of forest biodiversity. This bi as hurts the preservation of other ecosystems, including the grasslands that make up 24 percent of the Indian landmass. These grasslands are home to important biodiversity and support the livelihoods of millions of people, yet are defined in India by their value in being turned into forests for fighting climate change.
Apart from being costly, the move overlooks the ecological and social value of grasslands by turning them into mono-culture forests, which do not provide the same ecological benefits. Yet, grasslands could be equally good at storing carbon.
India and other countries with substantial grasslands need to recognize, support and prioritize evidence-based scientific attempts that focus on grasslands by establishing grassland-specific restoration efforts, as well as by mapping their extent and the ecosystem services they provide for humans. The time is ripe for abandoning outdated labelings like “wastelands”.
Already, communities like the Todas and the Idu Mishmi people are protecting grasslands in India through collective action and local stewardship (管理), which are helping them connect with the grasslands. With the aim of preserving the richness of nature, the government must restore greater rights to local communities to manage grasslands. Grasslands are an important feature of an ecologically sound India, one that must be preserved for that value above all others.
1. What does the author want to stress in the second paragraph?| A．Forests are hotspots of biodiversity. | B．Deserts badly affect local ecology. |
| C．Climate change threatens ecosystems. | D．Grasslands need equal conservation. |
| A．Tolerant. | B．Unclear. | C．Negative. | D．Favorable. |
| A．Government officials. | B．Local communities. |
| C．University researchers. | D．International agencies. |
| A．Stop Treating Grasslands as Wastelands | B．Take Active Steps to Limit Grasslands |
| C．Recognize the Polluted Grasslands | D．Transform Grasslands into Forests |
7 . Parrots consistently top the charts of the world’s smartest animals. A new discovery published by the Royal Society Open Science reveals to us what sets the intelligent individual monk parakeet (和尚鹦鹉) apart in a group.
Previously, it was thought that these birds introduced themselves to others with a sort of “catchphrase” that distinguished their identity. However, after running the vocalizations (发声) collected in this study through a machine learning program, a team led by Simeon Smeele, a doctoral student at Aarhus University in Denmark, found that the birds actually had “voiceprints” like humans that identify themselves in the group.
The researchers studied thousands of monk parakeet vocalizations from hundreds of birds in Barcelona across two years and ran these recordings through the program that identifies small differences in their calls.
“The voiceprint is the underlying quality of a voice that you can recognize in humans, and this is the first time that has been shown in another vocal learner,” Smeele said. For example, the voiceprint of your father is how you know it’s his voice, even if he isn’t present. “This is what I think could explain how they recognize each other, because it can be stable over very long periods of time.” he added.
“This shows that these birds also have that sort of information that they might be using in their complicated social interactions,” said Emily Du Val, Ph.D., a behavioral ecologist at Florida State University. “Research into animal communication has the potential to motivate the public into action to conserve animals. Recognizing who each other is and understanding how they interact with one another are important for human life,” she said.
This model can potentially be applied to other animals with vocal recognition like bottlenose dolphins, bat s and elephants. Future research will look into whether these voiceprints are recognized by all parakeets in the community or only a circle of close relatives.
1. What helps the monk parakeets recognize each other?| A．The catchphrase. | B．The intelligence. |
| C．The voiceprint. | D．The communication. |
| A．By combining “catchphrase” with “voiceprints”. |
| B．By keeping track of the monk parakeets’ relatives. |
| C．By collecting vocalizations and identifying their differences. |
| D．By comparing humans’ voiceprints with monk parakeets’. |
| A．The information that voiceprints can express. |
| B．The potential influence that voiceprints can bring. |
| C．The animals among which voiceprints are identified. |
| D．The range where parakeets’ voiceprints are recognized. |
| A．Mon k Parakeets Are Great Vocal Learners |
| B．Mon k Parakeets Resemble Humans in Communication |
| C．“Voiceprints” Are Found in Animals’ Social Interactions |
| D．“Voiceprints” Help Monk Parakeets Identify Themselves |
8 . Dr. Tijana Blanusa, the principal scientist of the Royal Horticultural Society (RHS), has a passion for both science and the well-being of children. When she stood at the gate of her children’s school, an idea flashed her mind: What if there are more hedges (树篱) in playgrounds? Therefore, she decided to start a project to find out the best species of hedge to plant in urban areas.
Dr. Blanusa’s inspiration for this research came from a personal realization. As a parent herself, she noticed that her own children had very limited access to nature in their urban state primary school. “We’ve looked at hedges because they’re cheap, people can relate to them, and they can do some good things for relatively little money in the urban environment in terms of improving air quality, and maybe reducing noise.”
About 90 pupils of 10 years old will be involved in the experiment. A mix of hedges were planted bordering the roadside in the school playground at Hoe Valley school, Working. Then a weather station was set up where the pupils can take measurements of the leaf surface’s ability to influence soil moisture (水分) and the temperatures around the hedge. Then they will take more measurements as time goes on.
The children will be involved in learning more about the role of plants in improving air quality and summertime cooling through hands-on science classes in school, led by the science team. They will get an insight into what working as a scientist involves—planning and taking measurements on the hedge and from the soil, and then analyzing collected data. Results will be available in late spring.
Blanusa hopes that the project can be rolled out across the country, and the RHS is figuring out how to do that. “We really want to make it as easy as practically possible for other schools to do it. But because you are working with living things, they need looking after and that needs to be a person on site who knows how to do it.”
1. What is the main aim of the project?| A．To reduce urban noise levels. | B．To increase hedges in schoolyards. |
| C．To identify best hedge species for cities. | D．To boost green spaces in public schools. |
| A．Air Pollution out of school. | B．Kids’ lack of nature access. |
| C．School principal’s request. | D．Hedge education for kids. |
| A．Experience on science team. | B．Hedge planting without soil. |
| C．Country-wide project rollout. | D．Hands-on work as a scientist. |
| A．Extra labor cost. | B．A tight budget. | C．Strict regulations. | D．Limited hedge species. |
9 . The best thing that has happened in Florida, since the beginning of July is that the electricity department has kept functioning. It is reported that daily maximum temperature is above 43℃. It is not just the United States, where 100 million people are under heat-warning notices, that is suffering. There is currently a series of such heat waves around the world. Temperatures exceed 40°C from Madrid to Cairo, where suffering power is unavailable. In Beijing July 18thsaw a 23-year-old record broken by a 27th consecutive day with a maximum temperature above35℃, which means people hadn’t even enjoyed one cool day during that period. By increasing the possibility of a wide range of extreme events, global warming also increases the chances that they will come in waves.
There are things to do as soon as the mercury (水银柱) rises. Get homeless people to cooling stations; encourage people to look in on elderly neighbors, the weak citizens and especially women over 80, who dominate the excess deaths associated with heatwaves; make it possible for those who must work outside to do so early in the morning;put hospitals on an emergency footing.
There are also things to be done in advance. It is crucial to work out where the people at greatest risk live. One thing that can help is deciding where to plant trees, which both provide shade and,as water evaporates through their leaves, cool the air. There are smart choices to be made about the built environment, from the best sort of pavement and courtyards designed for passive cooling to the popularity of white roofs. There are building codes to update so as to make those choices easier, as well as regulations to change so that workers are not endangered by midday heat.
All these measures are easier to take when a city has resources to devote to them. In the developing world, where a lack of air conditioning makes heat all the more deadly, such resources are scarce. What is needed for leaders is to take the issue seriously and for local politicians is to see cooling plans as a way to compete for votes. Unfortunately, such a strategy works best in places where voters have already felt the consequences of failing to act. Some studies re-veal that many places are at increasing risk of vicious heatwaves but have yet to experience one particularly troubling. Florida at least knows what to expect—and what it will have to go on expecting for decades to come.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?| A．A textbook. |
| B．A news report. |
| C．An academic article. |
| D．A geography magazine. |
| A．To introduce the topic. |
| B．To draw people’s attention. |
| C．To give examples of heatwaves. |
| D．To compare the heat of different places. |
| A．Planting trees in proper places. |
| B．Making rules relative to heat controlling. |
| C．Taking care of the old and the fragile. |
| D．Encouraging outdoor staff to work flexibly. |
| A．Dealing with the issue of heat is complicated. |
| B．Politicians struggle to tackle the issue of heat. |
| C．Many places haven’t sustained the severest heatwaves. |
| D．A certain strategy operates best in the developing world. |
10 . The first apes evolved 20 million years ago in the forests where they would go up a tree to get their food, and then come back down to move on to the next tree. Getting out of a tree presents all kinds of new challenges. Big apes can’t afford to fall because it could kill or badly injure them. Natural selection would have favored those with body structures that allowed them to descend safely.
Dartmouth researchers report in the journal Royal Society Open Science that apes probably evolved free-moving shoulders and flexible elbows to slow their descent from trees as gravity pulled on their heavier bodies. These flexible body parts passed on from ancestral apes would have allowed early humans to climb trees at night for safety and comedown in the daylight unhurt. When early humans transitioned from forests to open savannas (热带稀树草原), flexible shoulders and elbows were crucial for gathering food and using tools for hunting and defense.
The researchers used sports analysis and statistical software to study how primates(灵长目动物) like chimpanzees and small monkeys called mangabeys climbed in the wild. They found that chimps and mangabeys scaled(攀爬) trees similarly, with shoulders and elbows mostly bent close to the body. When descending, however, chimpanzees extended their arms above their heads to hold on to branches, much like a person using a ladder, to counteract(抵消) their heavier weight pulling them downward.
Luke Fannin, the lead author of the study, emphasized that their findings highlight the importance of “down climbing” in the evolution of apes and early humans. He explained, “Our research introduces the idea that down climbing played a significant role in shaping the structural differences between monkeys and apes, which eventually manifested in humans.”
“Our field has thought about apes climbing up trees for a long time, but we’ve been ignoring the second half of this behavior,” said Professor Jeremy DeSilva, “The findings are among the first to identify the significance of “down climbing” in the evolution of apes and early humans.
1. According to paragraph 1, apes would have been favored by natural selection if .| A．they have sufficient food resources. |
| B．they come down from trees securely. |
| C．they master skills of climbing up trees. |
| D．they cure themselves when they’re injured. |
| A．The similarity of two primates in tree climbing |
| B．The evolution of two primates’ adaptation to nature. |
| C．The analysis of primates’ tree scaling and descending |
| D．The application of different research methods and tools. |
| A．Descending trees has been neglected by researchers for a long time. |
| B．The study is the first to recognize the significance of down climbing |
| C．The evolution of apes and early humans is a result of down climbing. |
| D．Studies on climbing down trees are more likely to have new findings. |
| A．Chimpanzees and Mangabeys: Researches in Natural Settings |
| B．Apes and Humans: A Comparative Study of Climbing up Trees |
| C．Shoulders and Elbows: Evolved as Brakes for Downclimbing Apes |
| D．Apes’ Climbing Strategies: How to Use Different Body Parts Flexibly |
