1 . As humans, we might believe that we are the smartest and perhaps the only creatures in the world capable of having feelings and subjective experience, but is this really the case? A new study finds that bumblebees (大黄蜂) like to play. They like to roll around small wooden balls with no apparent motivation — it likely makes them feel good.
Previous evidence suggests that bees have positive and negative emotion-like states usually when they are given food rewards to test their abilities. However, in an experiment of the new study, some researchers had trained bumblebees to roll balls into a target in exchange for a sweet treat. They noticed that sometimes bumblebees would roll the balls outside of the experiment area for no reward.
This observation gave rise to new questions: What are they doing? Why? Is this random or intentional?
To answer these questions, the researchers set up more experiments. In the latest experiment, they watched 45 bumblebees in an enclosed area where they could walk through a clear path to reach a feeding area, or they could go off the path into areas with wooden balls. They found the bumblebees went out of their way to sit on the balls or push them. Each rolled the balls between one and 117 times during the experiment.
The researchers say that because they did it repeatedly with no food payoff, it suggests that the ball rolling was rewarding.
“The behavior was voluntary,” says study first-author Samadi Galpayage. “Bees have a reputation for being hard workers, but the prospect of bees engaging in something like play is really novel and exciting because it shows that bees may experience pleasure and don’t only carry out duties that are strictly essential for immediate survival.”
Galpayage adds, “Personally, I find this behavior fascinating because it tells us that bumblebees, like many other animals, are more than little robotic beings, but have a richer behavior and life than we would have previously thought.”
1. What is probably humans’ typical view on bumblebees according to paragraph 1?| A．They have no subjective feelings. | B．They are friendly to human beings. |
| C．They like rolling balls for pleasure. | D．They are smarter than other creatures. |
| A．They rolled their food around. | B．They played with the balls. |
| C．They stayed in the feeding area. | D．They shared food with each other. |
| A．Calm. | B．Regretful. | C．Unconcerned. | D．Amazed. |
| A．Bumblebees Are Hard Workers | B．Bumblebees Roll Balls for Food |
| C．Bumblebees Are Selfless Insects | D．Bumblebees Probably Enjoy Playing |
2 . Resting on a branch in the dark is a Xingu screech owl with piercing eyes. Created by British artist Sarah Ball, the artwork refers to the scientific name of this species only found in the indigenous Xingu region of Brazil. The striking work is unique not just for its subject matter, but for how it was made: It was created with ash (灰烬) left behind after wildfires in the Amazon rainforest.
It’s part of a project called “From the Ashes”, an exhibition that ran in February in London. “Featuring 29 indigenous and non-indigenous artists, all the works were created using ink, colour and pastels produced from ash and charcoal (木炭),” said Migrate Art, the London-based social enterprise (企业) that created the project, whose goal is to help fix damage from the fires by raising money.
In March, the artworks were auctioned (拍卖) in London with estimates for individual pieces ranging from £2,000 to over £50,000, according to Simon Butler, founder of MigrateArt. “We keep 20% of what we make. The rest of it goes to the indigenous Xingu community, primarily for firefighting equipment,” he said.
Butler visited the Amazon rainforest two years ago. Witnessing the areas of the forest that had been burnt down, which he described as a “red desert that looked like the end of the world”, motivated him to create change through art. He collected the burnt remains of the rainforest, and shipped it back to London to be made into art materials. The materials were then sent to artists around the world. British artist Piers Secunda used black ink to create a painting titled Smoke In The Jungle. The collection also includes works made by members of the indigenous community.
“The sale of my work to help the Xingu Reserve buy firefighting equipment to extinguish Amazon fires is the best use of my time and resources that I can imagine,” said Secunda. “These art advocacy actions are grains of sand which build a pile. For now, the pile is small, but it is growing and will become substantial.”
1. What is the author’s purpose of describing the artwork in paragraph 1?| A．To detail the artist’s motivation. | B．To discuss climate change effects. |
| C．To highlight its unique creation method. | D．To provide insights into a new bird. |
| A．They will be stored by Simon Bulter. |
| B．Migrate Art will cooperate with more artists. |
| C．Artists will make more contribution to the poor. |
| D．Indigenous Xingu community will afford firefighting equipment. |
| A．By visiting Amazon rainforest. | B．By watching relevant information. |
| C．By talking with rainforest protectors. | D．By appealing to artists to create related works. |
| A．Promising. | B．Uncaring. | C．Demanding. | D．Controversial. |
3 . On the surface, Western Australia’s Great Sandy Desert might appear calm. But deep underground, blind moles (鼹鼠), also called kakarratul, covered in silky yellow fur are “swimming” through the sand. These creatures that are considered elusive spend so much of their lives below the surface that they remain largely unknown to wildlife biologists.
Now, Aboriginal rangers (护林员) have made a sight of one of the kakarratuls by the Martu, the local people of central Western Australia. This marks the second kakarratul sight in just six months. Historically, people only see the species five to ten times every decade.
Kakarratuls are very small and can’t see very clearly. Their bodies are covered in soft fur, and they primarily eat worms (蠕虫). They’re also perfectly adapted for life in the tough Australian land. Rather than living in the hot sun, they live almost entirely underground — digging holes as far as 8.2 feet below the surface — where they move through the sand in a unique way. The kakarratul is an amazing creature that “swims” through the sand of Australia’s western deserts. They carve a path and fill it in as they go forward through the sand.
“The creatures can survive by just breathing the air that moves between sand,” wrote Joe Benshemesh, a biologist with the National Malleefowl Recovery Group, for Australian Geographic. “They save energy and resources by allowing their body temperature to reflect that of the surrounding sand,” he added.
The moles periodically come to the surface, especially during periods of cool, rainy weather. But they don’t appear often, so wildlife scientists don’t know their population size. They are regarded as a species of “least concern”. “Local rangers try their best to take good care of kakarratuls, but they aren’t easy to find,” said Lynette Wildridge, a senior Nyangumarta ranger.
1. What does the underlined word “elusive” in paragraph I mean?| A．Dangerous to approach. | B．Difficult to find. |
| C．Expensive to buy. | D．Easy to feed. |
| A．Attractive. | B．Frightening. | C．Unforgettable. | D．Unusual. |
| A．They may appear in rainy days. |
| B．They are well taken care of by the rangers. |
| C．They can find food more easily underground. |
| D．They dig holes to get away from the extreme weather. |
| A．Kakarratuls: Swimmers Through Desert Sand | B．Kakarratuls: Unique Animals to Australia |
| C．Local Rangers Look After Kakarratuls Well | D．Australia Is Trying Hard to Save Kakarratuls |
People have always looked up at the stars and
A tracking camera set up by a team of dog tracking experts in Colorado has caught the incredible journey of a missing dog named Ullr. He managed to survive 11 months alone in the wilderness, following a snow crash that separated him from his owner.
Jacob Dalbey, Ullr’s owner, received the long-awaited confirmation of his beloved dog’s survival through photos taken by the tracking experts he had employed. Dalbey expressed his great joy and gratitude on a GoFundMe page, launched by his friend, Deborah Wieker. “After 341 days, 11 months to the day of setting up tracking cameras and food and moving them around in the hope of attracting Ullr into one to finally get confirmation of what I have known all along, it happened,” Dalbey shared. “To all of you. friends and supporters of Ullr and me, I want to thank you so much. Knowing you believe in us really means a lot, even when I don’t say it. It has been extremely difficult to say the least. Your support has made it possible to keep searching for Ullr over the last 11 months,” he added.
The separation between Dalbey and Ullr occurred on March 17, 2023, when they were caught in a snow crash near Chair Mountain while backcountry skiing with friends. Despite being seriously injured and hospitalized, Dalbey displayed incredible resilience (韧性), recalling, “I was fully buried with my right arm sticking out of the snow. I was able to clear my airway immediately and then dug myself out over three hours with a broken hand and frozen fingers.”
Deborah Wieker explained that Dalbey, unable to work due to injuries during the snow crash, faced a significant financial burden with unplanned medical bills. At the same time, he needed to cover the expense of the tracker that played an important role in Ullr’s discovery.
注意：1．续写词数应为150左右;2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The story of Jacob Dalbey and his dog moved people online.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Jacob Dalbey finally recovered, leaving the hospital to pick up his dog.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________It’d be hard to look at pictures of Fenghuang Ancient Town without feeling drawn to the place. Lying in the southwest of Hunan province, the scenic town
Fenghuang Ancient Town is
Another element
Fenghuang Ancient Town has also received modern additions. Every night, the town’s buildings are
What We Should Know about Honey
The process that produces honey may have helped form humans too. Scientists believe that wild hives full of honey provided the calories that early humans such as Homo erectus (直立人), walking in Africa , needed to develop their brains into those of modern humans. That puts honey in a class with fire, tool use, and hunting as a key ingredient in the evolution of human beings.
With time, those evolved brains learned to domesticate bees to produce honey in a farmed setting. Today’s beekeepers support large-scale industrial farms, which would be unable to grow their crops without hiring traveling groups of bees to come pollinate (授粉) their vast, single-species fields. The bees will endlessly fill the towers of combs put onto their hives by the beekeeper, who then collects the extra honey for human consumption while still leaving the bees all they need to eat.
Today, the average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of honey every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. Honey is a timeless treasure. Literally—it never goes bad. Samples nearly 3,000 years old found in the Egyptian pyramids are as eatable as the day they were entombed. Its anti-microbial nature also makes honey an excellent cure for wounds, keeping infection out while holding in the moisture that skin needs to heal.
However, bees’ good health is not guaranteed. U.S. beekeepers lose about 40 percent of their hives annually to colony collapse disorder. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and pesticide use, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit. If bees continue to die, apples and peaches (along with any crop that relies on their pollination) will become scarcer and pricier. As will honey.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8 . Imagine the sound of a dog walking across a tile floor, the “click, click, click” of its claws tapping against the ground. Now, imagine a cat walking across the same floor — the difference is the cat moves in total silence. Cats can fully retract (缩回) their claws, giving them superior ability to remain silence.
But why do cats have retractable claws, whereas dogs do not?
It all comes down to how cats and dogs use their claws. Cats use their claws primarily to attack their target, said Anthony Russell, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Calgary in Alberta, Canada. They use their front claws to grab and hold on to their target and their back claws to cut open the target’s belly.
Cats need to keep their claws sharp to secure that next meal. Extended all the time, their claws would get less sharp as they scrape the ground, much like how a nail file deals with sharp points on a human fingernail.
Dogs, on the other hand, are social hunters. They work in groups to take down larger animals, wearing their target out over longer distances. For dogs, “if you’re hunting a moose or something, you wander along for kilometres and bite it until it is fatigued, and then you all jump on it,” Russell said. “Whereas cats essentially have a short burst, and then it’s over. Either the target gets away, or the target is captured.”
With more hunters working together, it’s less important for dogs to be able to grab and hold onto their target, so they don’t have to keep their claws as sharp. Sheer numbers are enough to give them the advantage.
But dogs’ claws aren’t completely useless. Dogs’ claws help them stand firmly on the earth and change directions quickly — a useful adaptation for pursuing target over long distances.
In nature’s silent dance, cats’ retractable claws are knives for quick attacks, while dogs’ strong claws make them good chasers. Each claw tells a tale of adaptation made to their unique hunting styles.
1. Where is the text most probably taken from?| A．An animal novel. | B．A scientific report. | C．A zoology magazine. | D．A pet keeping guide. |
| A．Hungry. | B．Scared. | C．Wounded. | D．Exhausted. |
| A．Cats use front claws to grab and kill the target. |
| B．Dogs use claws to attack and wear their targets out. |
| C．Cats stop hunting if the target escapes from the first attack. |
| D．Dogs work together to capture their targets in a shorter time. |
| A．Cats are better adapted to hunting than dogs. |
| B．Claws are more important for cats than for dogs. |
| C．The sharper the claws, the more efficient the hunt. |
| D．Cats and dogs find different ways to survive in nature. |
9 . Two weeks ago, 93-year-old Joy Ryan set a world record. In her words, “I’m the
In just eight years, she and her 42-year-old grandson Brad Ryan
In a way, the journey began 21 years ago when Brad’s parents got divorced (离婚), and he became
“She came into the church and she was dry,” Brad
But over a period of months, Joy
| A．strongest | B．happiest | C．fastest | D．oldest |
| A．managed | B．attempted | C．preferred | D．intended |
| A．usual | B．extra | C．final | D．major |
| A．favour | B．honour | C．charge | D．need |
| A．free | B．different | C．tired | D．separate |
| A．invited | B．saw | C．touched | D．understood |
| A．describes | B．replies | C．requires | D．reminds |
| A．progressing | B．disappearing | C．dying | D．quitting |
| A．concern | B．shock | C．pleasure | D．distance |
| A．recovered | B．adapted | C．struggled | D．flashed |
| A．got in | B．worked up | C．concentrated on | D．made out |
| A．debate | B．focus | C．suggest | D．explain |
| A．Therefore | B．Moreover | C．Otherwise | D．However |
| A．lost | B．stayed | C．got | D．buried |
| A．created | B．ruined | C．mended | D．hit |
1. What day is today?
| A．Monday. | B．Wednesday. | C．Thursday. |
| A．In the west. | B．In the north. | C．In the south. |
| A．Cloudy and windy. | B．Windy and rainy. | C．Mild with light rain. |
| A．On Friday. | B．On Saturday. | C．On Sunday. |
