1 . Many scientists today are convinced that life exists elsewhere in the universe---life probably much like that on our own planet. They reason in the following way.

As far as astronomers can determine, the entire universe is built of the same matter. They have no reason to doubt that matter obeys the same laws in every part of the universe. Therefore, it is reasonable to guess that other stars, with their own planets, were born in the same way as our own solar system. What we know of life on earth suggests that life will arise wherever the proper conditions exist.

Life requires the right amount and kind of atmosphere. This eliminates(除去) all those planets in the universe that are not about the same size and weight as the earth. A smaller planet would lose its atmosphere; a larger one would hold too much of it.

Life also requires a steady supply of heat and light. This eliminates double stars, or stars that flare up suddenly. Only single stars that are steady sources of heat and light like our sun would qualify.

Finally, life could evolve(进化) only if the planet is just the right distance from its sun. With a weaker sun than our own, the planet would have to be closer to it. With a stronger sun, it would have to be farther away.

If we suppose that every star in the universe has a family of planets, then how many planets might support life? First, eliminate those stars that are not like our sun. Next eliminate most of their planets; they are either too far from or too close to their suns. Then eliminate all those planets which are not the same size and weight as the earth. Finally, remember that the proper conditions do not necessarily mean that life actually does exist on a planet. It may not have begun yet, or it may have already died out.

This process of elimination seems to leave very few planets on which earthlike life might be found. However, even if life could exist on only one planet in a million, there are so many billions of planets that this would still leave a vast number on which life could exist.

1. The existence of life depends on all of the following factors EXCEPT           .

A．the right amount of atmosphere	B．our own solar system
C．steady heat and light	D．the right distance from the sun

2. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A．The planet must be as big and heavy as the earth.

B．Proper conditions are essential to the existence of life.

C．Double stars can provide steady light and heat.

D．The distance between a planet and its sun should be right.

3. What kind of planet might NOT support life?

A．Most of the planets of the stars.	B．Stars similar to our sun.
C．Planets similar to the earth.	D．Planets with proper conditions.

4. At the end of the passage the author suggests that           .

A．it is impossible for life to exist on planets.	B．earthlike life could only exist on a few planets.
C．life could exist on only one planet in a million.	D．life could exist on a great number of planets.

2 . One evening, Catherine was at home as usual. As her____swung between what she was going to do with her life and their dinner plans for the evening, she was unexpectedly ___by an urgent call from her sister “Get over here! Turn on NBC and check these guys out. They are just like you…” One Facebook message and a phone interview later, Catherine____herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the sweltering desert heat of Utah, picking up trash and ___awareness about zero-waste and climate change.

With a deep____of the environment and a desire to make a __ , Catherine, Davey, and a group of self ___“environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast to coast road side trash pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only______0.9 miles in an entire day, they ____ and steadily made their way across the United States for three years, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of trash.

Catherine and Davey____with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fueled their___to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently______how she would have enough _____to fly home for their two-week spring break, Catherine found a blank, unidentified envelope____with $850 cash in the desert. Just enough to get her home and back. After their bus____outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got ____ and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for the “Yosemite Facelift” where____ from all over the state came together with a______of cleaning up trash all over the park.

Being at the right place at the right time became almost normal, and they realized that much of what they ____was more than just a coincidence. Together, their team learned to simply ____themselves to their task, and surrender to the journey.

1.

A．thoughts

B．balance

C．hands

D．position

2.

A．blamed

B．interrupted

C．frightened

D．moved

3.

A．found

B．cheered

C．dropped

D．taught

4.

A．abandoning

B．raising

C．shaking

D．hiding

5.

A．pride

B．trust

C．love

D．fear

6.

A．plan

B．promise

C．mistake

D．difference

7.

A．corrected

B．repeated

C．described

D．discovered

8.

A．driving

B．fixing

C．riding

D．covering

9.

A．slowly

B．secretly

C．helplessly

D．frequently

10.

A．heard

B．shared

C．wrote

D．read

11.

A．problems

B．costs

C．efforts

D．choices

12.

A．depending on

B．replying to

C．worrying about

D．meeting with

13.

A．money

B．food

C．time

D．room

14.

A．equipped

B．supplied

C．decorated

D．filled

15.

A．set off

B．broke down

C．headed for

D．held on

16.

A．rest

B．help

C．understanding

D．practice

17.

A．volunteers

B．members

C．tourists

D．reporters

18.

A．purpose

B．question

C．decision

D．lesson

19.

A．introduced

B．expected

C．experienced

D．examined

20.

A．turn

B．limit

C．compare

D．devote

3 . More than half the planet’s population now live in cities, with limited access to the natural world. For Europe and Latin America, the figure is more than 70%.     1    

Gardening in particular is an opportunity for everyone to have such kind of experience, even if they live in built-up areas. It is typically seen as moderate (适度的) intensity exercise equal to playing doubles tennis or walking at a speed of 3.5mph, so it has similar fitness benefits.

    2    Home and gardens have long been important for family food production, but gardening can also encourage people to eat more healthily and act as an educational resource on nutritious food. In fact, children who take part in gardening and grow their own food have a greater preference for, and increased consumption of, fruit and vegetables.

    3    Research has shown that gardeners generally have greater life satisfaction, raised self-esteem and fewer feelings of depression and anger than non-gardeners.

This last point suggests that the mental benefits of gardening may be more than just a side-effect of the physical exercise involved,     4    People with strong social networks have an increased life expectancy, less stress and fewer visits to the doctor. In addition, spending time outdoors in a natural environment helps us to feel less stressed, reduce the symptoms of depression, and improve our concentration and attention.

All this evidence shows there’s a strong relationship between gardening and health, but we only know for sure that there is connection, not "cause and effect".     5    We also need to directly examine the immediate effects of gardening on people who have never previously taken part or are suffering from mental and physical ill health.

A．Gardening is also linked to better diets.

B．But more than this, it can promote people’s mental health.

C．One possible reason is that gardening can involve social interaction.

D．A good eating is supposed to include a balance of several food groups.

E．Yet contact with nature has varieties of benefits for both physical and mental health.

F．This means gardening alone is not necessarily a direct cause of any improvements in health.

G．Remaining socially active can also inspire seniors to build confidence and live a healthy life.

4 . 2010年4月14日7:49青海玉树地区玉树发生地震。
基本情况:
1. 为当地有历史记录以来最强烈的地震
2. 很多人正在睡觉；居民住房大量倒塌；水电供应中断；学校、医院严重损毁
3. 有2, 698人遇难，270人失踪，12, 000多人受伤
4. 政府十分关心灾情，表示要尽一切可能帮助灾区人民重建家园。
参考词汇: 当地的 local
注意:词数:100左右。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5 . Garbage sorting has become a hot issue around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation on July 1.

Beijing, as a forerunner in environmental protection, has thus been expected to follow suit. The capital of the country has long been campaigning for sorting and recycling household waste, as part of its environmental drive for sustainable growth, local media reported.

The current regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, outlining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Only individuals are not subject to responsibilities.

The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation, “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators are now fined up to 200 yuan ($30)for trash-sorting violations. The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that, he said.

The Beijing city government first set out to promote garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types-recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others-and leave it in a corresponding dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins signify items within are recyclable, green represents kitchen trash, red corresponds to dangerous materials and grey to other waste.

To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help residents on the spot. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given sites will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclables or kitchen waste.

Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported. Nearly 26,000 metric tons of household waste is generated across Beijing on a daily basis and 29 terminal garbage disposal facilities are working at full capacity. Nearly 9.3 million tons of household waste was processed in the city last year.

1. According to the passage, which dustbins should some used coke cans be thrown into?

A．Grey-colored dustbins.	B．Red-colored dustbins.
C．Green-colored dustbins.	D．Blue-colored dustbins.

2. We can learn from the passage that ________.

A．new technology has been applied to help deal with garbage

B．Beijing carried out a more severe rule on garbage sorting than Shanghai

C．the change of the current regulation has aroused objection among citizens

D．the amount of household waste in Beijing is far from something disturbing

3. What is the best title for the text?

A．How to Sort Garbage in China	B．The Current Regulation in Beijing
C．Garbage Collection in Beijing	D．Waste Recycling Project Counts

4. The passage can be sorted as ________.

A．a book review	B．a travel brochure
C．an environment report	D．a geography essay

6 . You'll need to take a deep breath before hearing this news. An astonishing 93% of kids around the world live in environments with air pollution levels that are damaging their health, according to a new report by WHO.

Air pollution is to blame for the deaths of 543,000 kids under 5 in 2016, with more than one in four deaths of children under five years old being related to environmental issues. Exposure (暴露)to air pollution can damage the health of kids in a variety of ways, either causing or being associated with everything from low birth weight to childhood obesity and so on.

"The large toll of disease and death revealed (揭示)by these new data should result in an urgent call to action for the global community especially for those in the health department WHO stated. “ Strong action to reduce exposure to air pollution offers an opportunity to protect the health of children. " The report stressed that health experts should communicate with families , communities and policy-makers about the serious risks of air pollution exposure. " Although more researches into how air pollution affects children's health will continue to be valuable, there is already evidence to justify strong, swift action to prevent the damage it clearly produces," WHO added.

Disease caused by dirty air is more common in low-and-middle in come countries, especially those in Africa, South-East Asia, and Western Pacific regions. Poor countries in these areas have the highest levels of exposure to household air pollution due to the use of polluting fuels and technologies for basic needs like cooking, heating and lighting.

Advised solutions include cleaner transport , cleaner cooking and heating fuels and technologies   energy-efficient housing and urban planning, safer industrial technologies and better waste management.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The way to fight air pollution.

B．The serious result of air pollution.

C．The illnesses children are suffering.

D．The deaths caused by air pollution.

2. What does the underlined word “toll” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Number.

B．Threat.

C．Fact.

D．Report.

3. What are health experts asked to do?

A．Do more researches.	B．Find ways to fight air pollution.
C．Make the serious risks known.	D．Develop cleaner fuels and technologies.

4. What can we learn from the text?

A．Researches of this kind have stopped.

B．Air pollution caused 543,000 kids' death in 2016.

C．Nothing can be done to stop air pollution al present.

D．Air pollution is more serious in low-and-middle-income countries.

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Which month is it then?

A．September.

B．October.

C．November.

2. What will the weather be like tomorrow?

A．Rainy.

B．Sunny.

C．Windy.

3. What will the high temperature be on Friday?

A．60 degrees.

B．65 degrees.

C．70 degrees.

4. Why should people take advantage of the weekend?

A．There will be a festival.

B．There will be many events going on.

C．The sunny weather may not last.

8 . The world’s African elephants are in serious danger.     1     And if we do nothing to put an end to the illegal ivory trade, elephants will be extinct from the wild within the next 20 years.

Many believe that an illegal hunter could get ivory without killing the elephant-this is not true.     2     And the rest lies beneath the surface like an iceberg（冰山）in water. The tusk is not just bone but rather it is alive, filled with nerves and blood vessels（血管）and when broken off, the tusks would likely become infected and lead to a slow and   painful death.

However, there is a new form of hope rising from nature itself. African elephants are being born without the tusks that illegal hunters have targeted for decades. But why is the largest land mammal on earth now being born tuskless?    3    

Is such change beneficial to elephants’ survival in the long term? As we know, elephant tusks ate not just glorious-looking.     4     Therefore scientists are just benspecies.to track the newly tuskless among them, to see how this unfortunate adaptation affects the species.

Ivory hunters are not the only danger faced by elephants today. And more support is needed than ever to create a safe world where elephants can live together with humans happily, tusks and all.    5    .

A．Action should be taken to protect animals in the world.

B．They also have important uses such as self- defense and digging.

C．Only two-thirds of an elephant’s tusks（象牙）stick out of their mouth.

D．It is estimated that one is killed every 15 minutes for their ivory tusks.

E．That’s because elephants without tusks have a better chance of surviving.

F．After centuries of being hunted by humans, many African elephants are tuskless.

G．And it’s in our power to make this happen by cutting demand and raising awareness.

9 . Eco-friendly Vauban, lied in the southwest part of Germany, has everything－tree-lined streets, perfect houses－but it’s missing one urban feature of the last 100 years or so: the car. And Vauban residents(居民) don’t mind one bit. Vauban doesn’t ban cars entirely. Rather, it just tries to reduce the use of cars by creating “parking-free” and “car-free” living. In Vauban, parking spots are a no-no private property(私人财产). Cars can only be parked in public parking lots, so living without a car saves residents the cost of parking in the public lot. Cars also are prevented from using certain roads and must stick to strict speed limits. With these limitations, fewer than 20 percent of residents own cars. Without cars, bikes are almost religion in this small town. Kids pick them up even before they can ride one. Vauban is about much more than just using two wheels instead of four. In Vauban , residents ride bikes and even receive money from the electric company for selling electricity back to the power grid (电网系统). It’s an environmentally-friendly city of the future, with organically grown food, renewable energy, and carbon-neutral homes. And now, with a population of 5,500, it’s attracting attention from around the world. Can an eco-friendly city like Vauban be a model for Americans to stop their over-reliance on the cars?

Sometimes when I watch a news report what’s in the back of my mind is what isn’t being reported or stressed. While this eco-friendly city is inspiring in that it shows residents getting exercise and fresh air through the majority use of bicycles, as well as good old fashioned walking, common sense would tell you that even for a place like Vauban, Germany, it owes its existence to the cars.

Do you think that bicycles were able to transport all the construction materials that were needed to build and maintain the eco-friendly homes and businesses in Vauban? It took cars to help build this utopia. It’s one of the paradoxes of life that sometimes in order to get away from relying on something like the car, you actually have to rely on that very thing at the beginning and into the foreseeable future to some degree.

I myself haven’t owned a car for more than 14 years, and mostly get around town running, walking, or using public transportation. There are times I wish I had one, since it would make many things easier, but overall I’m glad not to have to deal with the headaches of owning a car, which caused me to get rid of it in the first place. And all the walking and running has helped to keep me fit and healthy.

To get even close to being like eco-friendly Vauban, Americans will need to absolutely change the way they live. Commuting( 乘车上下班) patterns will have to change, public transportation will have to be invested in, and so on. And though ending our love affair with the car will be impossible during my lifetime, we may at least start to see more Vauban-like areas in the USA.

We can hope that Americans will consider using their feet more to get around, cutting down on pollution , and giving themselves some more exercise.

1. Why don’t over 80% of the residents in Vauban own car?

A．The streets there are very narrow	B．There are many limitations on the use of cars.
C．The government limits the number of cars.	D．Most cars belong to their public property

2. The underlined word “paradoxes” in Paragraph 3 probably means_____.

A．opposite things

B．big shortcomings

C．great strengths

D．firm bases

3. How does the writer feel of not owning a car?

A．Curious

B．Proud

C．Grateful

D．Regretful

10 . Bending our knees in the sand and protected by only a plastic glove, I put my hand into the cigarette ends, drink bottles and rotten fruit. I ____ to my friends, triumphantly (洋洋得意地) waving a ____ sock at them before dropping it into the rubbish bag.

My friends and I are ____ of the CSF, a high school community service club. On a Sunday morning we came to the Santa Monica Beach as ____ as possible. It was Step. 17. International Coastal Cleanup Day, and people in more than 90 countries were ____ to clean up the beaches. When four of us and the club adviser ____ near the Santa Monica Pier (码头), the beach was nearly empty. We were —____ with plastic gloves, rubbish bags and information ____, which we used to ____ the rubbish we found for later research. In ____ of two or three, we started by collecting the most ____ pieces of rubbish, such as bottles and bags. Soon our backs were hurting from ____ so much. To pass the time, our club adviser invented a ____ called “Balloon Search” — whichever group found the most shreds (碎片) of balloons would ____.

My group found several sickening and ____ items, such as, used underwear, dead birds and toothbrush. Another group ____ found false teeth!

After three hours of collecting rubbish, we ____ ourselves to lunch, I washed my ____ with a soap four times in the bathroom, but the smell of ____ fish stayed. Although we were tired, we all ____ that the work was definitely worth it.

1.

A．explained

B．got

C．shouted

D．nodded

2.

A．beautiful

B．muddy

C．plastic

D．white

3.

A．students

B．customers

C．cleaners

D．member

4.

A．early

B．late

C．soon

D．often

5.

A．calling

B．gathering

C．meeting

D．pretending

6.

A．turned up

B．came up

C．turned out

D．came out

7.

A．equipped

B．filled

C．covered

D．pulled

8.

A．scores

B．papers

C．tools

D．sheets

9.

A．copy

B．record

C．hold

D．sort

10.

A．search

B．memory

C．groups

D．forms

11.

A．amazing

B．expensive

C．useful

D．noticeable

12.

A．walking around

B．bending over

C．falling down

D．moving back

13.

A．game

B．machine

C．sport

D．rule

14.

A．leave

B．blow

C．win

D．speak

15.

A．interesting

B．surprising

C．important

D．pleasant

16.

A．again

B．still

C．even

D．suddenly

17.

A．treated

B．helped

C．took

D．invited

18.

A．clothes

B．hands

C．face

D．hair

19.

A．bitter

B．fresh

C．tasty

D．rotten

20.

A．agreed

B．decided

C．promised

D．understood