2 . 课文内容填空

Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The green grass and bare rock contrast     1    (dramatical),     2    (give) it a wild and natural beauty. The island’s recent history     3    (tell) a tragic story. In 1810     4     humans arrived on the island, they brought rats and     5    (mouse),     6     ate birds’ eggs and attacked baby birds. Later, cats and rabbits     7    (introduce) to the island, making parakeets die out. Experts felt it necessary     8    (remove) the rabbits, but cats had to eat birds. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats.     9     the disappearance of cats, the mice, rats and rabbits started to increase, which led to a serious result. It was clear that the problem needed     10    (solve). People are taking some steps to give the island a happy ending.

3 . Desertification, the process by which fertile (肥沃的) land becomes desert, has severe impacts on food production and is worsened by climate change.    1    

Africa’s Great Green Wall is a project to build an 8,000- kilometre-long forest across 11 of the continent s countries. The project is meant to contain the growing Sahara Desert and fight climate change.    2    They include limited political support, lack of money, weak organizational structures, and not enough consideration for the environment. Just 4 million hectares (公顷) of land have been turned into forest since work on the Green Wall began 15 years ago.    3    

First proposed in 2005, the project aims to plant a forest from Senegal on the Atlantic Ocean in western Africa to Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti in the east.    4     It could also reduce levels of climate-related migration in the area and capture hundreds of millions of tons of carbon dioxide from the air. Several countries have struggled to keep up with the demands of the project.

    5     Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Sudan have all expanded their efforts. Ethiopia is producing 5.5 billion seedlings leading to thousands of hectares of restored land. Efforts in Eritrea and Sudan have also resulted in nearly 140,000 hectares of newly planted forest. The U. N. desertification agency says the project will need to plant an average of 8.2 million hectares yearly to reach its goal of 100 million hectares by 2030．

A．But the project faces many problems.

B．That is only 4 percent of the programme’s goal.

C．However, it is difficult to work on the Great Green Wall.

D．A quarter of Africa is under threat of food shortage.

E．Some progress has been made in recent years in the east of the continent.

F．Supporters hope that the project will create millions of green jobs in rural Africa.

G．The U.N. says up to 45 percent of Africa’s land is impacted by desertification, worse than any other continent.

5 . Mariah Reading is an environmentalist, who grew up with an early appreciation for nature. While studying art at Bowdoin College, she saw the vast amounts of _________ from her painting and sculpture classes. She began to seriously consider her footprint as a(n) _________. “How can I paint landscapes if I’m _________ them?” she thought. Then she started using the rubbish as her canvas (画布).

After graduation, Mariah travelled throughout the country, _________ rubbish to bring to her studio. One day, a _________ hubcap (轮毂盖) she found by the side of the road gave her a new _________ . She noticed the half hubcap had cracked off to _________ the line of the mountain range that she was in. So she _________ the mountain landscape on it and held it up in front of the real _________ and took a photo. It became the first in her __________ series.

Over the years, she has painted more than 100 pieces of rubbish and photographed her transformations __________ matching real-life landscapes. It’s like __________ new life into forgotten objects. Her practice __________ the principle of “leaving no trace” by __________ painting with sculpture and photography. Mariah hopes people see themselves and their own habits __________ into her works and make small changes in their everyday lives.

1.

A．paper

B．waste

C．power

D．work

2.

A．artist

B．cleaner

C．journalist

D．agent

3.

A．exploring

B．forgetting

C．harming

D．shaping

4.

A．taking out

B．running out

C．setting up

D．picking up

5.

A．broken

B．lost

C．new

D．hidden

6.

A．medium

B．idea

C．reason

D．life

7.

A．damage

B．connect

C．form

D．cross

8.

A．protected

B．enjoyed

C．changed

D．painted

9.

A．car

B．range

C．picture

D．road

10.

A．ongoing

B．outdated

C．occasional

D．odd

11.

A．against

B．as

C．from

D．without

12.

A．forcing

B．turning

C．attracting

D．breathing

13.

A．highlights

B．replaces

C．attaches

D．ignores

14.

A．replacing

B．filling

C．comparing

D．combining

15.

A．trapped

B．contained

C．reflected

D．admitted

6 . Directions: Write an English composition in at least 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
很多人认为目前我们正在面临“一次性文化”(throw-away culture)的冲击。我们习惯使用各种一次性用品，原因是它们方便、卫生，但是后果也是非常严重的——这些用品会破坏水源、污染土地和空气。假如你是李华，请写一封信给世界自然保护联盟，谈谈你对一次性用品的看法，包括以下内容：
●你是否有使用一次性用品的习惯以及理由;
●具体说明如何面对一次性用品造成的环境问题。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . It’s no secret that inhaling (吸入) smoke is bad for your lungs. But now, scientists are suggesting smoke may also carry and spread infectious diseases. The theory, published in Science Magazine, is based on research that found wildfire smoke is crowded with thousands of species of microorganisms. Some of these microorganisms, including bacteria and fungal spores, are known to cause disease.

The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant or animal matter and disturbs soils, it exposes thousands of species of bacteria and fungi that otherwise might not easily become airborne (空气传播的). You might think the high heat from fire would kill these organisms, but one study mentioned in the article found that some bacteria even multiply post-fire. Scientists say the organisms attach to smoke particles, allowing them to travel thousands of miles across continents.

Dr. Peter Chen, director of the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, is interested in the theory but somewhat skeptical that the microorganisms in smoke would actually cause infections. Many bacteria and fungi don’t cause lung infections, says Chen, but it’s certainly possible that a significant amount could worsen symptoms in someone with a preexisting lung condition. “I always thought it was the particles in smoke that were causing these issues,” says Chen. “But when I read this, I started thinking: Could it be the microorganisms that are also worsening existing illnesses?”

Whether the microorganisms in smoke actually cause infection or simply worsen potential respiratory (呼吸的) issues, the article raises a new health threat that is “certainly alarming”, says Kelsey Jack, an associate professor of environmental and development economics. This is especially true for lower-income populations, Jack says, because people with fewer means are often more exposed to the environment. If smoke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the people who work outside, or who have to go to the office on foot or by bike will inhale more smoke than those who drive.

But until more research is done, Chen says the best thing people can do is just follow existing recommendations when air quality is poor—including staying indoors, keeping windows and doors closed, using HEPA filters and running air conditioning.

1. What can we know about the microorganisms from paragraph 2?

A．They could be killed by high heat.

B．They could reproduce in large numbers after fires.

C．They could possibly travel through air by themselves.

D．They can easily attach themselves to smoke particles.

2. How do most microorganisms affect people according to Dr. Peter Chen?

A．They might worsen lung diseases.	B．They will cause lung infections.
C．They will destroy living environments.	D．They might damage respiratory systems.

3. Why are low-income people suffering more than others?

A．They live in poor areas.

B．They drive to and from work.

C．They have suffered from lung disease.

D．They are exposed to polluted air more frequently.

4. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?

A．Results of the new research.

B．Suggestions on dealing with poor air quality.

C．Disagreements between the author and Chen.

D．Benefits of preventing smoke from polluting the air.

10 . My name is Miranda Gibson. I have been at the top of a tree for five months now. Some people might wonder________on earth I would choose to do that.

I have walked through this forest many times. On December 12, 2011, ________rolled into the forest and the destruction (摧毁) began. I couldn’t________the thought that these forests would be________ forever. So, on December 14, 2011, I packed up my life, ________of my job plans, and climbed 60 meters to the top of this tree. I have been here ever since.

Life in the tree top can be________at times. I have times when I feel frustrated (沮丧的) and wish I could________, to anywhere, just have a ________of scenery for a minute! There are times too, when I feel terribly________.I miss my friends and family.________these times, I find myself loving the________.

Living on the tree has been inspiring. I am willing to________ here for as long as it takes,________I honestly hope it won’t be too________before I can put my feet on the ground below and stand in a forest that will never be________.

1.

A．why

B．when

C．how

D．where

2.

A．water

B．animals

C．machinery

D．tourists

3.

A．bear

B．help

C．keep

D．spare

4.

A．sold

B．stolen

C．protected

D．lost

5.

A．grew out

B．fell short

C．ran out

D．let go

6.

A．refreshing

B．risky

C．challenging

D．rewarding

7.

A．get up

B．get away

C．give in

D．give up

8.

A．change

B．look

C．search

D．touch

9.

A．confused

B．nervous

C．sorry

D．lonely

10.

A．Beyond

B．Without

C．Despite

D．Unlike

11.

A．height

B．experience

C．background

D．position

12.

A．return

B．stop

C．stay

D．hide

13.

A．but

B．though

C．because

D．so

14.

A．soon

B．long

C．near

D．bad

15.

A．moved

B．logged

C．burned

D．missed