1 . Waste not, Want not

Today, I live in Manhattan with my husband, Alex. I’m an IT specialist and Alex is a lawyer. Life’s good, but sometimes I look at the way we live it and think of Ellie, my grandmother. Her favorite saying was “Waste not, want not.”     1    . Ellie carefully folded the paper from parcels and washed glass jars to use again. Frank, my grandfather, used old socks and pullovers (套头毛衣) to protect the plants in winter. Nowadays, we go to a garden center to buy special felt for that purpose. Have we all gone mad?

Such economy seems strange, even ridiculous, in our modern throwaway society, where everything is sold in boxes.     2    , but as a selling feature to make us want to buy them. Ellie and Frank would have seen the very idea of a “gift pack” as a cheat.

    3    . The United States produces about 180 million metric tons of waste per year, 70% of which is packaging materials. The average American family uses up six trees’ worth of paper a year.     4    , they would reach to the moon and back twelve times. “We can’t go on like this,” I said to Alex. “Let’s start at home. If everybody starts at home, then this madness will stop.”

    5    . Of course, this meant that we produced a lot of waste, but I was shocked to find that this came to over six kilos per week. “Your grandma Ellie with her ‘Waste not, want not’ was really modern, wasn’t she?” “Not really,” I said. “Ellie and their neighbors were just ordinary, traditional New Englanders. We’ve all gone mad since then.”

A．Packaging is not only used to protect goods

B．My grandparents threw almost nothing away

C．In one week alone, we threw away five old magazines

D．We didn’t often go shopping and then cook meals at home

E．As young Manhattan professionals, we buy a lot of “convenience food”

F．But we pay a high financial and ecological price for our lovely packaging

G．If you placed all the cans used in the United States, in one year end to end

2 . 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Earth is home to millions of different species. Some can be very small, like bacteria and viruses, which are so small that we cannot see     1     (they) with only our eyes. By contrast, the largest animal species so far found on our planet is the blue whale,     2     can grow up to almost 30 meters in length. The toughest species is probably the water bear. This tiny organism can survive temperatures from 150℃ to a below freezing -272℃.     3     (survive) in their environment, each species has developed its own unique physical characteristics.

3 . Human activity is changing the surface and temperature of the planet. But new research shows it is also changing the sound of the Earth’s oceans and seas.

Scientists say the changes in the sounds of our oceans and seas affect many marine(海洋) animals—from very small fish to huge whales. Sound travels “very far underwater,” Francis Juanes told the reporter. Juanes is an ecologist at the University of Victoria and co-writer of the recent research published in a magazine. “For fish,” he explained, “sound is probably a better way to sense their environment than light.”

Sounds help fish and other marine animals survive. They use sounds to communicate with each other. Sounds also help some ocean animals find food and avoid their hunters. Many ocean animals use sounds to find good places to give birth. However, increased noise from humans is making it harder for these animals to hear each other. The noise comes from shipping traffic, underwater oil and gas exploration, offshore construction, and other noisy human activity.

“For many marine species, their attempts to communicate are being masked by sounds that humans have produced,” said Duarte. The marine ecologist at the Red Sea Research Center co-wrote the paper with Juanes. The Red Sea, Duarte said, is one of the world’s most important shipping passages. It is full of large ships traveling to Asia, Europe, and Africa. Some fish and other animals, he said, now avoid the noisiest areas. Also, the overall number of marine animals has gone down by about half since 1970. In some parts of the ocean, scientists now record “fewer animals singing and calling than in the past—those voices are gone,” said Duarte.

Juanes and Duarte examined studies and research articles about changes in noise volume(音量) and frequency in the world’s oceans. Then they put together a detailed picture of how the ocean soundscape is changing and how marine life is affected.

Climate change, the researchers found, also affects physical processes that shape ocean sounds. These include such things as wind, waves, and melting ice.

Some studies suggest that noise may cause hearing loss of marine animals. Besides, many marine animals are showing higher levels of stress due to noise, which might also affect the immune(免疫) system.

Scientist Juanes says sound pollution may be easier to deal with than other ocean threats. “In theory,” he said, “you can turn down or turn off the sound immediately. It’s not like plastics or climate change, which are much harder to undo.”

1. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Sound noise may result in hearing loss of human beings.

B．Sound pollution killed most of the marine animals in the Red Sea.

C．Sound noise can influence the communication of marine animals.

D．Sound is unlikely to be a better way to sense their environment than light.

2. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 4?

A．Channel.	B．Address.
C．Industry	D．Company.

3. In the following paragraph, the author probably tells us__________.

A．what is the main cause of climate change

B．what should be done to reduce sound pollution

C．how to record changes in noise volume and frequency

D．how to enhance the immune system of marine animals

4. Which is the best title for the passage?

A．The Future of Oceans Exploration

B．The Changes in the Sounds of Oceans

C．Sounds Help Marine Animals Survive

D．Humans are Making Oceans Too noisy

4 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Forrest, a biologist, uses a metal clicker to count every penguin he sees. It’s not easy. He is part of a team     1     (work) on the Antarctic environment. The survey will help scientists better understand the Antarctic environment. Over the years, the number of penguins in Antarctic     2     (go) down. Scientists say climate change is making the ocean warmer. “Penguins give us an idea about what is going on in the ocean around us,” Forrest says. This year, robotics engineers fly a drone to help him record each colony’s     3     (locate) and size.

5 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

In the past few years, the number of wild animals     1     (decrease). If nothing     2     (do), man will be punished by nature.     3     (lucky), people begin to take actions. Some nature reserves (保护区)     4     (build) now so that animals can live in peace. If everyone has the sense of protecting wildlife, it is certain that an atmosphere of wildlife protection will come into being.

6 . In January 1958, Rachel Carson received a letter from her fiend Olga Owens Huckins. Huckins lived in an area of Massachusetts where the state was trying to get rid of mosquitoes. They had used planes to spray a mixture of fuel oil and DDT (a pesticide, which can kill pests such as insects, weeds and rodents) all over the area around Huckins home. DDT was supposedly harmless but the morning after the spraying. Huckins found several of her favorite birds dead outside her house. And the spraying did not even kill all of the mosquitoes, in fact that summer there were more of them than ever before. Huckins asked Carson if she knew someone in Washington that could help prevent future spraying.

Carson had been hearing about DDT since a Swiss chemist discovered it could be used to kill insects in 1939. To many people, DDT seemed like a miracle substance. Farmers were excited about saving their crops from pests. Doctors and others were excited about saving people's lives by killing disease-carrying insects. But to Carson. DDT appeared to be dangerous to all living creatures.

The more Carson found out about DDT and other pesticides, the more she realized that she needed to help stop future spraying. Carson decided to write a book about pesticides. She said, “There would be no future peace for me if I kept silent.” She called her book Silent Spring.

Carson had spent her life studying, observing, and writing about nature. She was a trained biologist and a talented writer who knew how to present scientific information in compelling stories. Before Silent Spring, she had written other books from the perspective of fish birds, islands and oceans. Carson knew that all things in nature exist in a delicately balanced ecosystem. In Silent Spring, Carson wrote that. although the ecosystem can adjust to changes, it needs time. Carson believed that people u the 1950s were using pesticides carelessly Nature didn’t have time to adjust, wrote Carson, because so any pesticides had been used in such large quantities in such short tame.

1. Why did Huckins write a letter to Rachel Carson?

A．To tell her some bad news.	B．To turn to her for help.
C．To advise her to write a book.	D．To ask her some questions.

2. Which of the effects the spraying of the mixture in Massachusetts had is right?

A．It killed pests such as insects, weeds and rodents around Huckins' home.

B．It killed all of the mosquitoes.

C．There were more birds than ever before

D．It had bad effects on ecosystem.

3. Who would not be happy with DDT?

A．Gardeners.

B．Farmers.

C．Doctors.

D．Biologists.

4. What's the best title of the passage?

A．Rachel Carson's research on nature	B．Rachel Carson's life
C．Rachel Carson's Silent Spring	D．DDT's bad effects on ecosystem

7 . 语法填空

In ancient China, many people built walls around their states to protect their land. It was Emperor Qin Shihuang who had the walls     1    (join) up. The project cost much money and hundreds of thousands of people worked on     2     wall. On the top of it, it is wide enough for five horses or ten men     3    (walk) side by side. Along the wall are watchtowers,     4     soldiers used to keep watch.

I’m a new senior secondary school student. I feel excited because this school     5    (different) in many ways from the former one. Previously, we had     6    (fix) classrooms where students sat in rows. But now it is different. We go to different classrooms for different subjects of our own     7    (choose).

In Tibet, she saw an antelope that told her they were being killed     8     mercy by people for their wool and were now an endangered species.     9    (feel) sad, Daisy traveled to Zimbabwe with the carpet to see the elephants there. Much to her relief, the     10    (Africa) living there protected the elephants well and their number was growing.

8 . Production of bottled water has grown over the past thirty years from nothing into a $16 billion-per-year business. However, more and more people have been against bottled water use, and environmentalists are _______ people to go back to the tap.

The first reason why you should seriously think about _______ bottled water, they say, is that it’s bad for the environment. Producing plastic bottles _______ vast quantities of oil. As a result, factories create poisonous waste and send it into the environment. What is more, the vast majority of plastic water bottles aren’t _______. In almost every part of the world, unwanted water bottles take up landfills (垃圾填埋地) and send dangerous gases into air and water when they are burned. In other words, bottled water is a major _______ to global warming.

Secondly, the _______ of bottled water requires a lot of fuel. In the USA alone, one billion bottles of water are moved around each week in trucks, giving off polluting gases. In fact, some high-priced water is _______ from one side of the planet to the other.

Finally, bottled water isn’t even better for your health. Tap water rules in many countries are far _______ than those for bottled water. Furthermore, tap water contains fluoride, which is added to help build strong teeth and prevent tooth decay (龋齿). Consequently, as the use of bottled water has _______, tooth decay has become more serious.

To sum up, by stopping the use of bottled water, and encouraging others to do so, you will be doing the planet an enormous favor and ________ your own health as well.

1.

A．allowing

B．training

C．calling on

D．commanding

2.

A．giving up

B．turning to

C．preparing for

D．believing in

3.

A．creates

B．attracts

C．requires

D．shares

4.

A．sold

B．recycled

C．found

D．limited

5.

A．answer

B．solution

C．contributor

D．service

6.

A．test

B．design

C．competition

D．transportation

7.

A．shipped

B．wasted

C．developed

D．collected

8.

A．older

B．fewer

C．stricter

D．simpler

9.

A．dropped

B．changed

C．increased

D．disappointed

10.

A．damaging

B．benefiting

C．challenging

D．respecting

9 . 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A series of water-conserving and recycling designs have been put into place     1     (improve) water usage for snow making, human consumption and other purposes, according to the Beijing 2022 organizing committee.

Around 90% of the snow     2     (use) at the Alpine skiing venue for the Pyeongchang 2018 Winter Olympics was reported artificial, while artificial snow     3     (be) also a feature of Vancouver 2010 and Sochi 2014.

10 . 假设你是红星中学高二年级的学生李华，你从一档电视节目上了解到地球的历史上发生过两次大的绝灭，并很有可能发生第六次大灭绝，也了解到了其发生的原因和后果。请你根据所了解的内容，和可行的解决办法，写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1. 史上两次大灭绝的原因（至少两点），后果
2. 第六次可能发生的大灭绝的原因，后果
3. 发出倡议：我们应该在生活，工作，旅行，畜牧方面采取哪些行动。
提示词：火山爆发：volcanic eruptions；行星撞击地球：asteroids hitting the Earth from space；
海洋里氧气的减少：the decrease of the oxygen content of the sea
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