1 . Three Things We Must Do to Tackle Climate Change

With world leaders meeting at the international climate change conference this August in Glasgow to discuss urgent global action to meet one of the greatest challenges, many people still don’t know what must be done.     1     However, the good news we get from the report is that it is not too late to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, if we respond rapidly and decisively. But how? It comes down to the following three things.

Stop using fossil fuels gradually.     2     That means no exploration, no new wells, mines, pipelines, or power plants. We already have a vast amount of fossil fuel infrastructure(基础设施), and it will take decades to end its use.

    3     Sun and wind are the fastest-growing new sources of energy we have. Their costs have fallen sharply, making them the least expensive options and encouraging the adoption of clean energy in more and more locations.

Protect the world’s forests. Forests all over the world currently absorb about a third of the carbon dioxide our activities send out to the atmosphere.     4     And this must stop. To meet the planet’s growing food needs, experts urge improved management practices on already-cleared land rather than clearing new land.

Finally, it is high time that we joined hands to protect the only home we have. If so, we can take on the challenge as we would whatever the difficulty is.     5     The three actions we suggest are essential for success.

A．Boost the development of new technology.

B．Speed up the use of clean, renewable energy.

C．The alarming messages released urged us to change our lifestyle.

D．To achieve this, we must allow no new development of coal, oil and gas.

E．The “code red” report from the conference greatly shocked many people.

F．We are on a mission to save planet Earth, its people and its natural wonders.

G．Tropical (热带)forests are especially at risk and still being cleared for agricultural uses.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

March 12th is China's annually National Tree-planting Day. On this day, millions of Chinese, from all walks of life, will put their works at hands aside for     1     moment, take shovels and buckets as well as saplings, and trek out to green up their hometowns.

First     2    (create) by the US agriculturist Sterling Morton in 1872, Tree-planting Day was set in order to inspire people's passions for planting and protecting trees, and     3    (protect) and improve the     4    (nature) environment on which people depend on for their living.

China's Tree-planting Day could date back     5     a proposal made by Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925), a great China revolution leader, to Beiyang Government (1915-1927) in 1915 and then regulation was     6    (formal) publicized that Tomb-sweeping Festival (April 5th)     7    (adopt) as Tree-planting Day. However, April 5th was a late time for tree-planting in Southern China and so it was changed to March 12th by the Nanjing National Government (1927-1949) in order to memorize Sun Yat-sen,     8     passed away on March 12th.

In February 1979, the 5th National People's Congress of People Republic of China made a     9    (resolve) that March 12th would be taken as Chinese Tree-Planting Day, requiring the whole country to carry out tree-planting     10    (activity) on this day and support the construction of forestry.

3 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

During the World Elephant Day on Thursday, Chinese and foreign experts gathered in one online forum(论坛)     1     ( discuss) ways to protect elephants better based on the migration(迁徙) of 15 wild elephants in Southwest China's Yunnan Province. This shows how Chinese people care about the    2     ( protect) of these giant friends.

The 15 wild Asian elephants among    3     one male turned back in July finally returned to their habitat after touring for 17 months in Yunnan Province. The case was taken by the experts as a    4     ( success) example on how to protect and guide the migration of wild elephants.

Zhou Jinfeng, Secretary of the China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation, mentioned an idea which focused    5     helping wild animals survive by     6     (reduce) the harm to nature and wildlife in our daily lives.

Zhang Chenglin, Deputy Director of the Beijing Zoo，who introduced some measures taken by Chinese zoos to take good care of elephants,     7     (say) that there were around 150 elephants living in zo0s around China.

“    8     ( human) and animals share nature. To protect elephants     9     (be) to protect our planet. Hope we can work with other countries to protect wild animals."     10     woman wrote on Sina Weibo on the World Elephant Day.

4 . Ice Ages

Have you ever heard the phrase “ice age”? It refers to a long period of time when glaciers and ice sheets cover large parts of the Earth. We are actually living in an ice age right now! This ice age began about 2.5 million years ago. Today, large areas of ice cover regions of Antarctica, the Arctic, and Greenland.

The climate changes multiple times during an ice age. It switches between glacial periods and interglacial periods. During glacial periods of an ice age, temperatures are much colder than they are today. Ice sheets and glaciers expand, covering more of the planet. These periods can last tens of thousands of years. The last glacial period started about 120,000 years ago and ended about 11,500 years ago. During interglacial periods of an ice age, the average global temperature increases. Ice sheets and glaciers get smaller. The climate is warmer and wetter than it is during glacial periods. We are currently living in an interglacial period. It started about 11,500 years age—when the last glacial period ended.

Scientists don’t completely understand what causes ice ages. But they do believe that one important factor is the amount of light Earth receives from the sun. When the northern part of the world receives less sunlight, temperatures drop—it gets colder, and more water freezes into ice. This can lead to the start of an ice age. When the northern part of the world receives more sunlight, temperatures rise—it gets warmer and ice sheets melt. Consequently, an ice age ends. However, there are other factors, too, including changes in the water flow of our oceans. Scientists are working to learn more about how different factors may cause an ice age to begin and end.

The current ice age we’re in is not the first the Earth has experienced. At least five major ice ages have occurred throughout Earth’s history.

1. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A．To announce a recent scientific discovery.

B．To describe how ice ages come about.

C．To explain why the Earth’s climate is changing.

D．To encourage people to concern about the environment.

2. How are glacial and interglacial periods different?

A．The north part of the earth receives less sunlight during glacial periods.

B．It is warmer during an interglacial period than a glacial one.

C．Interglacial periods normally last longer than glacial periods.

D．More of the Earth is covered by ice during an interglacial period than a glacial one.

3. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A．That the temperature falls.	B．That glaciers get smaller.
C．Global climate.	D．Northern part of the world.

4. What is the author most likely to write about in the missing 5th paragraph?

A．The changes of the ocean water in glacial periods and interglacial periods.

B．Scientists’ new researches on factors making an ice age begin and end.

C．Something about the major ice ages occurred throughout Earth’s history.

D．The effects on human life caused by glacial periods and interglacial periods.

5 . When the dog Abby disappeared in Dothan, Alabama, all she left behind was her collar(项圈)and an empty tie-out line. June Rountree and her husband searched the neighborhood door to door for their missing 4-year-old black-and-white fur baby to no avail. Three weeks passed and there was no sign of Abby, then something unexpected happened.

June was working on the weekend at the Walmart register when she heard a lot of noise. Somehow, a dog had gotten loose in the store and was cleverly dodging(避开)the would-be shoppers and staff as she rushed through various departments.

“I was like,‘What in the world is happening?’” customer service associate Danielle Robinette said. When the dog arrived at June’s post,register No. 6, it was clear that she wasn’t checking out,but she was checking in. June could hardly believe it. The dashing dog was her long-absent Abby. “I called her name and she came to me,” Rountree said. “I bent over and hugged her. I completely lost it then. I couldn’t speak. I was in complete shock and just couldn’t believe it. ”

No one is sure where Abby was for the three weeks, but for a dog that had been on its own three weeks she was in pretty good shape. The Rountrees believe someone must have been feeding her even if they were unable to catch her, and they’re truly grateful for that.

Someone guesses that since June had been with Abby in the Walmart parking lot a few times, the dog might have recognized the location when she happened upon it in her travels. While we’re not sure where Walmart generally stocks(存货)happy reunions, we think it’s safe to say when Abby left the store to go home with her mom, she was one satisfied customer.

1. Where did June find Abby?

A．In a store.	B．In her house.
C．In a parking lot.	D．In her neighborhood.

2. What can we infer from the third paragraph of the article?

A．June was lost in Abby’s departure.

B．June almost forgot Abby at that time.

C．June was afraid that she would lose Abby forever.

D．June was so excited that she was almost out of control.

3. What probably happened to Abby when she got lost?

A．She was caught by someone.

B．She was adopted by a new owner.

C．She went through very hard times.

D．She was fed by warm-hearted people.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．The Magic of Kindness

B．A Heart-warming Reunion

C．Abby’s Love for the Store

D．The Pleasure of Owning a Pet

6 . Naturally Pink Lakes

Lake Koyashskoye

The water of Lake Koyashskoye in Crimea ranges from pink to red depending on the season. The lake is filled with halobacteria — microorganisms that produce a pink-colored protein when absorbing energy from the sun. Some also put the color down to brine shrimp (盐水虾), which boom in the salty environment.

Lake Hillier

Lake Hillier is located on Middle Island off the southern coast of Western Australia. Most people believe the deep color comes from a combination of algae and salt-loving halobacteria. However, there’s a bit of mystery to Hillier. Other pink lakes change color depending on the season, the angle of the sun or air temperature. Hillier remains the same shade of pink for the whole year.

LagunaColorada

Though it may be described as a “pink” lake. Laguna Colorada in Bolivia is often characterized as “red” or “red-orange”. Salt-loving algae and bacteria help to create this color, but sediments (沉积物) from the nearby rocks also affect the water’s appearance. Like some of the other pink salt lakes, this one draws flamingos (火烈鸟).

Las Salinas de Torrevieja

The pink water of Las Salinas de Torrevieja in Spain is thought to be good for health and people claim improvement in their skin and lung conditions after a bath in it. The lake is not the only pink-colored thing in Torrevieja. During migration season, flamingos crowd the area.

1. Which lake’s color is affected by sea animals?

A．Lake Hillier’s.

B．Lake Koyashskoye’s.

C．LagunaColorada’s.

D．Las Salinas de Torrevieja’s.

2. Where is the lake whose color remains the same all year round?

A．In Spain.

B．In Bolivia.

C．In Crimea.

D．In Australia.

3. What is special about Las Salinas de Torrevieja?

A．Its water is red-orange.	B．It is home to flamingos.
C．Its water has health benefits.	D．It changes color with the season.

7 . It is reported that half the world’s forests have already been destroyed. This widespread destruction is due to deforestation (采伐森林). Deforestation is the removal of a forest or group of trees where the land is later transformed to a non-forest use. Cutting down trees is necessary for man’s survival. However, deforestation has a number of negative effects on the environment and needs to be controlled.

There are two main purposes for cutting down trees and one of them is to use the trees as resources. Essential items like paper, furniture and charcoal are all made from trees. Deforestation is also carried out to clear land for farming and to make room for roads and houses. As the population grows, more of the forest has to be cleared.

Although deforestation is necessary up to a point, it has some negative effects on the environment. Firstly, cutting down forests destroys animal habitats, leaving them with no place to live in. Deforestation also allows erosion to occur, which leaves the land easy to landslides and makes it difficult for plants to grow there. Finally, the removal of trees also worsens air pollution. Trees act as natural air filters that change carbon dioxide into oxygen. When they are removed, carbon dioxide can build up and pollute the atmosphere. Hence, it is obvious that deforestation harms the environment.

Due to the harm deforestation causes, it is necessary to control it. There are a number of ways to do this. One of them is to make better use of farming land. That means we do not need as much land for farming, and hence do not need to cut down so many trees. There must also be laws to limit deforestation and these laws must be enforced strictly. On top of that, reforestation must be carried out systematically. This method involves planting new trees and plants in areas where deforestation has occurred to replace what was destroyed.

To sum up, although deforestation must be carried out, it can harm the environment and must be controlled. Beyond a certain point, this damage to the environment cannot be fixed. Hence, we should do our best to make sure that the damage is never too great to fix.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．How people get farmland.

B．What trees mean to human beings.

C．Why people carry out deforestation.

D．What effect deforestation has on environment.

2. What consequence may deforestation bring to animals according to the text?

A．Homelessness.

B．Extinction.

C．Disease.

D．Wars.

3. According to the text, how can we control the harm of deforestation?

A．By replacing new trees.	B．By banning deforestation.
C．By passing laws to limit farmland.	D．By making the best of farmland.

4. What may be the worst result if deforestation is beyond control?

A．Carbon dioxide will pollute the atmosphere.

B．There will not be any forest left in the world.

C．The damage to the environment will be beyond repair.

D．People will have no trees as resources for essential items.

8 . I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.

I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.

As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.

Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.

When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.

I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.

1. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?

A．To ensure their survival.	B．To observe their differences.
C．To teach them life skills.	D．To let them play with his kids.

2. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?

A．Behave badly.

B．Lose their way.

C．Sleep soundly.

D．Miss their mom.

3. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?

A．Boring.

B．Tiring.

C．Costly.

D．Risky.

4. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?

A．They frightened the children.	B．They became difficult to contain.
C．They annoyed the neighbours.	D．They started fighting each other.

9 . Human beings are not alone in having invented vaccination, while honeybees got there first and they can run what look like vaccination programmes, which has been confirmed by Gyan Harwood of the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign.

Queen bees vaccinate their eggs before they are laid. But the question is how the queen receives her antigen supply, for she lives purely on royal jelly, a substance secreted by nurse bees when they are in the life stage of feeding the young. Dr Harwood wondered if the nurses combined the royal jelly they produced with pieces from pathogens they had consumed while eating something brought in from outside.

To test this idea, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with the young to look after. They fed the nurses on sugar-water, and for three of the hives they added Paenibacillus larvae, a bacterium causing a disease, to sugar-water.

Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela labeled the bacteria with a certain dye, to make them easy to track. And, sure enough, microscope confirmed that Paenibacillus larvae were getting into royal jelly secreted by those bees which had been fed with the sugar-water. Moreover, examination of this royal jelly revealed higher levels of defensive substance, compared with royal jelly from bees that had not been mixed with Paenibacillus larvae. This substance is thought to help bee immune systems fight against bacterial infections.

All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, via their royal jelly, passing antigens on to the queen, then into eggs. They also mean, because the young receive royal jelly for the first few days after they hatch, the nurses are giving the young the second antigens. Each young bee is therefore being vaccinated twice.

1. What puzzled Dr Harwood from paragraph 2?

A．What the royal jelly consists of.

B．Where nurse bees receive pathogens.

C．How the antigen come into the queen bees' bodies.

D．Whether honeybees run vaccination earlier than man.

2. How did Dr Harwood develop his experiment?

A．By dividing bees into different roles.

B．By keeping track of the special bacterium.

C．By changing the components of royal jelly.

D．By observing nurse bees' different behaviors.

3. What can we infer according to the results of the experiment?

A．Nurse bees are the key to vaccination for bee group.

B．The nurse bees pass the antigen only to the queen.

C．Bacteria-used royal jelly has fewer defense substances.

D．Two vaccinations are given to young bees by caregivers directly.

4. Where is the text probably taken from?

A．A pet guide.	B．A social website.
C．An official document.	D．A medical magazine.

10 . People today are not unfamiliar with term such as "going eco-friendly" and "sustainable lifestyle". However, there exists a group of sceptics（怀疑论者）who believe that going eco-friendly is merely a fad（一时的风尚）. I disagree with this viewpoint, Going eco-friendly is not merely a fad and it does, in fact, change the beliefs and attitudes of people.

The long-term presence of environmental organisations shows the efforts that people have made towards going eco-friendly. Organisations such as World Wildlife Fund advocate people to go eco-friendly. The high involvement of the organisations and the participants is thus a strong indicator that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad but a trend that can last decades.

Another strong indicator is the emergence of sustainable products in many industries, such as organic produce and electric vehicles. The consumer demand, coupled with eco-conscious（环保意识的）businesses, is behind the sharp increase in such products. This shows a shift in the beliefs and attitudes of people towards adopting a sustainable lifestyle. Thus, it seems quite certain that going eco-friendly is not merely a fad.

While some people who broadcast their eco-friendly practices are criticised for just hoping to project an eco-conscious image, there are a number of celebrities who have been practising the zero-waste lifestyle for years. For those who do so for years, and not mere days or months, it is indeed a commitment that can only come with a true change in beliefs and attitudes towards caring for the earth.

The call to save the earth looks set to stay. With the development of technology and the appearance of many platforms advocating going green, people are more willing to change their beliefs and attitudes when they can learn about and appreciate the positive impact of the work of different environmental organisations and individuals. It is hoped that these effects will go a long way in ensuring that our planet will remain a suitable place to live in.

1. Why does the author mention World Wildlife Fund?

A．To appreciate its environmental efforts.

B．To encourage people to go eco-friendly.

C．To evidence the universal recognition of going green.

D．To highlight the difficulty in changing people's attitudes.

2. What does the underlined word "emergence" mean in paragraph 3?

A．Sudden disappearance.	B．Sharp increase.
C．Gradual development.	D．Limited application.

3. What does the author expect of technology development?

A．It may discourage people from sustainable lifestyle.

B．It may boost the business of organic produce.

C．It will be used to project an eco-conscious image.

D．It will promote environmental awareness.

4. What is the author's purpose in writing this text?

A．To prove going eco-friendly a lasting trend.

B．To popularize the eco-friendly products.

C．To offer strategies to go eco-friendly.

D．To advertise for eco-friendly platforms.