1 . 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇 完整的短文。

Meagan and her close friend Samantha, both school teachers, lived together in an apartment in Denver. On mornings when Samantha had class, Meagan would help to watch her 2-year-old daughter, Hannah. Also part of the household was Meagan’s pet, Willie, a particularly intelligent and chatty parrot.

Willie was indeed funny and a good talker. In addition to some vocabulary learned from Meagan, he became a great mimic (会模仿的动物) of cats, dogs, and chickens. Plus, he could sing along to the radio. The bird was a nice playmate for the little girl, and he always knew how to lift her spirits. The bird was more than just a pet; he was a member of the family.

One day, with Samantha at school, Hannah had comfortably positioned herself in front of morning cartoons while Meagan was busy cooking in the kitchen, preparing the little girl her favorite breakfast treat, an apple pie. When Meagan was done baking the apple pie, she placed it at the center of the kitchen table to cool. She looked at Hannah and, confident the child was fully engaged with the TV, walked out of the kitchen quickly to use the bathroom.

Meagan was gone maybe 30 seconds. And suddenly, she heard the bird going crazy, screaming loudly. She heard two very distinct words from the parrot’s mouth. “Mama! Baby!” Repeated over and over again. “Mama! Baby! Mama! Baby!”

Meagan ran out of the bathroom to find Hannah in the kitchen, holding the partly eaten apple pie, fighting for breath, her face and lips a terrifying shade of blue. And Willie was still screaming loudly.Hannah had climbed up on a chair, gotten the apple pie from the kitchen table and was clearly choking on it.

注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。

With a pounding heart, Meagan grabbed Hannah immediately.

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Around lunchtime, Samantha came back from school.

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2 . Flash droughts develop fast, and when they hit at the wrong time, they can ruin a region’s agriculture. They’re also becoming increasingly common as the planet warms. In a study published in the journal Communications Earth& Environment, we found that the risk of flash droughts, which can develop in just a few weeks, is on the rise in every major agricultural region around the world in the coming decades.

In North America and Europe, cropland that had a 32% annual chance of a flash drought a few years ago could have a greater chance of a flash drought by the final decades of this century. That result would put food production, energy, and water supplies under increasing pressure. The cost of change will also rise. A flash drought in the Dakotas and Montana 2017 caused $2.6 billion in agricultural damage in America alone.

All droughts begin when rainfall stops. What’s interesting about flash droughts is how fast they strengthen themselves, with some help from the warming climate. When the weather is hot and dry, soil loses moisture rapidly. Dry air extracts moisture from the land, and rising temperatures can increase this evaporative (蒸发的) demand. The lack of rain during a flash drought can further contribute to the feedback processes. Under these conditions, crops and vegetation begin to die much more quickly than they do during typical long-term droughts.

In our study, we used climate models and data from the past 170 years to assess the drought risks ahead under three conditions for how quickly the world takes action to slow the pace of global warming. If greenhouse gas emissions from vehicles, power plants, and other human sources continue at a high rate, we found that cropland in much of North America and Europe would have a 53% annual chance of flash droughts, by the final decades of this century. Globally, the largest increases in flash droughts would be in Europe and the Amazon. Slowing emissions can reduce the risk significantly, but we found flash droughts would still increase by about 6% worldwide under low emission conditions.

1. What is the feature of flash droughts?

A．Seldom happen and greatly beneficial.	B．Frequently happen and low risky.
C．Suddenly happen and highly destructive.	D．Regularly happen and slightly harmful.

2. Which of the following statements may the author agree with?

A．Crops and vegetation die more quickly during long term droughts.

B．Slowing emissions can completely solve the problem of flash droughts.

C．In Europe cropland will suffer from more flash droughts by the end of this century.

D．Flash droughts won’t have any effect on food production, energy, and water supplies.

3. What may be a factor that strengthens flash droughts?

A．Adequate rainfall.	B．The warming climate.
C．The cold and wet weather.	D．Long-term droughts.

4. How can humans help reduce flash droughts?

A．By studying climate models.	B．By speeding up global warming.
C．By changing cropland into forests.	D．By decreasing greenhouse gas emissions.

3 . Overuse of land and warming temperatures are putting insect diversity in danger in some parts of the world, scientists reported Wednesday.

The study, published in the journal Nature, confirmed for the first time a clear and alarming link between warming temperatures and large-scale agriculture and showed that where there are more farmlands, there is a greater decrease in insects.

“These findings lead to huge concerns,” said Charlotte Outhwaite, the lead author of the study and researcher at the University College London, adding that losing insects could threaten human health and food supply.

“Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators(授粉),” Dave Goulson, a professor of biology at the University of Sussex in the UK, previously told CNN. “Without insects, crops will die. We won’t have things like strawberries. We can’t feed 8 billion people.”

Outhwaite said their findings “may only show the tip of the iceberg(冰山一角),"because of the limited amount of evidence in some areas. “But I think there are also a lot of results that we probably don’t really know because there are so many different kinds of insects.” Outhwaite told CNN.

Scientists say, overuse of land has a link with warming temperatures. Destroying natural habitats for agriculture can make the temperature rise sharply. Researchers found great decreases in insect populations in areas of the world that are much warmer. They concluded that in areas with small-scale agriculture, less temperature warming, and more natural habitats, insects only dropped by 7%, compared to the 63% decrease in areas with large-scale agriculture, more temperature warming and less natural habitats. So what can we do to help prevent this?

1. What did the study find?

A．More farmlands lead to a greater decrease in insects.

B．Three quarters of our crops depend on insect pollinators.

C．Overuse of land is threatening insect diversity all over the world.

D．There is little link between warming temperatures and large-scale agriculture.

2. Why does the author quote Dave Goulson’s words?

A．To suggest solutions to people’s concerns.	B．To explain the process of insect pollinators.
C．To prove the importance of insects to humans.	D．To provide evidence for the decrease in insects.

3. Which one is NOT the factor of the decreases in insect populations?

A．Insect pollinators	B．Overuse of land
C．Warming temperatures	D．Less natural habitats

4. What might the author continue talking about?

A．His opinions of the study.	B．Studies of natural habitat.
C．The ways to stop the decrease.	D．The causes of warming temperatures.

4 . The Chinese people have developed the habit of ordering more dishes than they can eat when inviting guests for dinner in a restaurant, because if all the plates are empty at the end of the dinner, it would be considered a matter of shame to the host. Surveys show that as much as 35 million tons of food is wasted in China every year.

To solve this problem, the “Clean Your Plate” campaign was launched in 2013 and got a positive response from restaurant owners, the public, and governments at different levels. More and more waiters are now reminding diners to stop ordering more if they have ordered enough to make them full. Also, most restaurant owners nowadays provide free boxes with which the diners can carry the leftovers (剩菜) home.

The “Clean Your Plate” campaign has become popular along with the “save water” and “go green” activities. However, since it takes generations for people to change their bad habits, it’s too early to celebrate its success. Instead, more attention should be paid to preventing food waste at home.

Almost every Chinese family has a “waste bin”. Unfortunately, I happen to be the “waste bin” of my family. I used to enjoy eating leftovers until I heard an expert on TV saying that it causes cancer. Many doctors say the same thing. But later, I saw other experts doing experiments and concluding that food cooked hours ago or even a day ago shows no obvious increase in carcinogenic particles(致癌颗粒) if stored properly. Their disagreement has left me confused. I have no idea who is right, but I am clear that if all the leftovers are thrown away as suggested by some experts, it would be a big waste of food.

1. Why was the “Clean Your Plate” campaign launched?

A．To invite guests for dinner.	B．To save people’s face.
C．To reduce food waste.	D．To stop unbalanced diet.

2. What is the effect of this campaign on people?

A．Waiters are reminded to stop ordering more.

B．Free boxes are provided by most restaurant owners.

C．People are eager to change their bad habits earlier.

D．People pay more attention to preventing food waste at home.

3. What does the author think of the leftovers?

A．Eating leftovers causes cancer.

B．Leftovers should be thrown into the waste bin.

C．Throwing all the leftovers would be a big waste of food.

D．Properly stored leftovers won’t cause damage to health.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．An introduction to a campaign.	B．The ways to deal with leftovers.
C．An explanation of food waste.	D．The eating habits of Chinese.

5 . Flooding was fairly usual for a Queensland summer. This time, however, there had been a lot of rain and flash flooding further north which _________ ran down to the river.

My younger brother was getting _________ and thought we should evacuate. We spent hours trying to _________ him down. The water had never gotten to less than 1 to 2 meters away from our street level. After a few more _________, the water levels were getting much higher than we’d seen before and we thought it best if we moved our cars to the higher _________ just in case it got to the street level. Later, we _________ a lot of furniture and electronics upstairs.

Finally, we decided to _________. The water was getting close to the street level, which only meant another foot from _________ our bottom floor. We left to spend the _________ with my cousin who lived in a neighborhood close by. We heard that the water had __________ further, but had no idea how far as it was dark and we couldn’t see anything from our cousin’s house.

The __________ moment was when we finally got to see our house. There is a high school behind our house, which __________ at the base of this large hill, with an elevated sports oval (高架椭圆形体育场) right behind our house. The water at its __________ was about 2 inches from being level with the oval. We __________ it to survey our house. Seeing water lapping (轻拍) at the windows of our bedroom on the second floor of our house was the most unbelievable __________ I had ever seen.

1.

A．fast

B．slowly

C．actually

D．eventually

2.

A．excited

B．nervous

C．curious

D．disappointed

3.

A．turn

B．lay

C．calm

D．break

4.

A．hours

B．degree

C．meters

D．days

5.

A．level

B．ground

C．speed

D．house

6.

A．made

B．sold

C．covered

D．moved

7.

A．swim

B．separate

C．leave

D．stay

8.

A．reaching

B．flooding

C．entering

D．destroying

9.

A．weekend

B．money

C．holiday

D．night

10.

A．fallen

B．run

C．risen

D．washed

11.

A．funniest

B．scariest

C．strangest

D．greatest

12.

A．lies

B．operates

C．keeps

D．spreads

13.

A．height

B．length

C．depth

D．width.

14.

A．stood by

B．waved at

C．looked through

D．walked across

15.

A．flood

B．building

C．view

D．sport

6 . According to a new USDA(the U.S.Department of Agriculture)report,U.S.forests could worsen global warming because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older.The report predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start declining after 2025 and that forests could release up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from decaying(腐烂)trees go above their carbon absorption.Forests could become a“substantial carbon source”by 2070,the USDA report says.

The loss of carbon absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes,which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.The disasters destroy forestland,destroying its ecosystem and decreasing its ability to absorb carbon,according to Lynn Riley,a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation.Aging forests also contribute.The report found that older,mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species,and U.S.forests are rapidly aging.

This trend is likely to continue,as forests come under increasing threat from climate change and exploitation(开采).The typical tropical forest may become a carbon source by the 2060s,according to Simon Lewis,professor in the school of geography at Leeds University. “Humans have been lucky so far,as tropical forests are cleaning up lots of our pollution,but they can’t keep doing that indefinitely,”he said.“We need to cut down fossil fuel emissions before the global carbon cycle starts working against us.”

U.S.forests currently absorb 11 percent of U.S.carbon emissions,or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year,equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants,according to there port.The loss of forests as natural carbon absorbers will require the U.S.to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero.“As we work to decarbonize(碳减排),forests are one of the greatest tools.If we were to lose that tool,it means we will contribute that much more in emissions,”Riley said.

1. What is the main finding of the report?

A．Forests are suffering from decaying trees.

B．Forests could contribute to global warming.

C．Forests are being destroyed by natural disasters.

D．Forests have become substantial carbon absorbers.

2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The key role of forests in the ecosystem.

B．The consequences of frequent natural disasters.

C．The impact of rising global temperatures on forests.

D．The reasons for forests’ declining ability to absorb carbon.

3. What is Simon Lewis’ suggestion on addressing the problem?

A．Reducing fossil fuel emissions.

B．Cleaning up decaying trees in time.

C．Planting trees on a large scale.

D．Limiting the exploitation of forests.

4. What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?

A．To offer suggestions on forest management.

B．To stress the significance of forest protection.

C．To present the efforts made to reach net zero.

D．To show the carbon emissions from coal power plants.

7 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Years ago, the authors conducted human-wildlife conflict surveys in the Tibet Autonomous Region’s counties,     1     (locate) in the TAR’s remote Chang Tang region. These surveys showed     2     previously undocumented and growing problem of human-snow leopard conflict. Next, snow leopard telephone interviews were conducted with Tibet Forestry Bureau staff,     3     (result) in an additional new conflict and sighting location records. This new location information, together with records provided by other observers,     4     (collect) to make a snow leopard distribution (分布) map.

This effort greatly expanded knowledge of the snow leopard’s distribution in this region,     5     remains one of the least understood of the snow leopard’s key range areas. New knowledge on snow leopard in the Chang Tang will help identify human-snow leopard conflict hot spots and influence design of human-snow leopard conflict relief and conservation strategies for northwest Tibet. Nevertheless, much field work will also be required     6     (describe) snow leopard distribution in the Chang Tang.

Importantly, in the past few years, a number of major transportation infrastructure (基础设施) projects     7     (make) the Chang Tang more accessible. This has led to a     8     (great) increased number of tourists visiting western Tibet, Mt. Kailash and Lake Manasarovar     9     particular. All these developments have a large potential to cause disturbance to snow leopards and their prey species, including influencing their movements     10     destroying their habitat.

8 . 由于人类活动破坏了野生动物的生活环境和空间，使许多野生动物濒临灭绝，据统计世界上每天大约有75种生物灭绝。针对这一现象，请你代表学生会，向同学们发出倡议保护野生动物。
内容包括：1.野生动物灭绝的原因（栖息地的破坏；寻求其皮毛等）
2.保护措施（严惩非法捕杀；建立自然保护区；唤醒人们的保护意识等）
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
提示词：自然保护区natural reserves 捕猎者 hunter
Dear fellow students,
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The Students Union

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

Indian’s snake charmers are to be retrained as wildlife teachers under a plan to prevent their unique skills and knowledge from being lost. The charmers, who make snakes dance     1    the sound of flutes(笛子), used to be a traditional feature of Indian life, performing in towns and villages,     2     they were banned in 1972 to control the trade in snake skins.

The government is now considering a plan to train the saperas, as they are known,    3    (visit) schools and zoos to tell children about forests and wildlife. There is also a     4    (propose) to set up a “dial a snake charmer” service to help householders to deal with unwelcome intruders.

“For generations they have been a feature of Indian life but now they can’t earn a living for fear of arrest,” said Behar Dutt, a conservationist behind the plans, “if a policeman doesn’t catch them, animal rights activists report them.”

Many snake charmers     5    (continue) to work clandestinely since the ban, despite the threat of up to three years in jail. But their trademark cloth-covered baskets,     6    (hang) from a bamboo pole carried across their shoulders, make them    7    easy target for police.

The fate of Shisha Nath, 56, from Badarpur, a village just outside of Delhi, is typical of practitioners(从业者) of the     8    (die) art. “I used to earn enough to support my family and send my children to school,” he said. “Now it’s hard to earn even £1 a day. My children want to be snake charmers. It’s     9     identity. We love the work. But it s become impossible.”

Next month Dutt’s project to train 30 snake charmers will begin at a snake park in Pune, western India, where experts will enrich their home-grown skills with some formal knowledge.

More than the law, though, it is the dishonest attitude of their fellow countryman     10     angers many snake charmers.

“'We’re disturbed all the time but when people want a snake removed from the house, they rush to us,” said Prakash Nath, who was ordered recently to the home of Sonia Gandhi, the Congress party leader.

10 . Fat is an important part of all living things and most body fat in animals and people is white. White fat allows people to eat more than they need when food is enough. It stores those extra calories until food becomes short.     1    

Hibernation(冬眠) can help animals get through the cold winter. They feed themselves on much food in fall in preparation for a long and cold winter. Animals don’t eat when they are hibernating.     2     To spend an entire winter, these animals enter a state called torpor(不活泼), where they use the white fat more slowly than they usually do.

When in torpor, it seems that animals have been sleeping. But torpor goes much deeper than that. In fact, animals’ activities slow down in torpor.     3     An animal may take several breaths and then stop breathing for several minutes. Instead of wasting energy to keep warm, bodies in torpor can remain just above freezing.     4     Every week or two, they will wake up. They stay awake for a day or so before going back into torpor. The time is different in different species. What causes the wake-up or why it happens is unclear. However, all true hibernating animals go through this cycle.

In order to wake up during the hibernation, these animals have to warm their bodies.     5     This process burns up white fat. And not only on hibernating animals, the warming process has the same influence also on humans, Ballinger explains.

A．But hibernating animals don’t stay asleep all winter long.

B．If so, they will suffer from hunger during the winter.

C．Their heart may beat only a few times each minute.

D．Instead, they burn their white fat to keep their bodies running.

E．They might feel comfortable when they wake up after a long winter.

F．Then the body burns it for energy to stay alive until more food shows up.

G．That   means going from a temperature above freezing to their usual body temperature.