1 . Protecting our delicate environment seems to be on the agenda of politicians, government leaders, and citizens in many parts of the world to show support for mother-nature. The concept of green consumerism has gained momentum more and more over the last decade, and the public feels moved to pitch in and help.     1    .

Let's use paper as an example. The first step is to raise public awareness about the recycling process, to explain the kinds of materials that can be recycled, and provide ways on how to properly dispose of them. Local governments should educate the public on how to properly sort reusable materials from those, like waxed paper, carbon paper, plastic material such as fast food wrappers, that can't be recycled very easily.     2    .

Second, technological progress has been made on many fronts, but governmental agencies need to step up technological support for companies involved in recycling to upgrade equipment and to encourage further research. One breakthrough has been the development of a new manufacturing process that uses enzymes to help remove ink from paper in more energy efficient and environmentally safe methods.     3    . The difficulty in removing print from paper, the amount of energy expended during the process, and caustic waste that is sometimes produced are costs that companies incur that are then passed on to the consumer.

The final key is to increase demand for the growing surplus of resources waiting to be recycled. This problem has appeared in various regions of the world where the technology to process the used materials lags far behind the amount being collected for recycling.

    4     ; yet the great stumbling block to implementing the second stage of this plan could be impeded by the corporate sector's inability to find commercial enterprises interested in using recycled goods especially when the cost exceeds those of virgin materials.

A．Recycling paper materials can be expensive in both monetary and environmental terms.

B．However tough the challenge may be, supports of paper recycling never step back.

C．Give the public information they can grasp, and then you will increase your chances of gaining followers.

D．There may be a great outpouring of support.

E．So we are actually in a time when green has been a trend.

F．However, certain essential keys are needed to power this movement.

2 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars     1     human ingenuity struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649.Cyrano was dead and buried for     2     good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.

In 1961, when Kennedy declared that America     3     (send) a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech     4    , delivered by Martin Luther King two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions     5     (yield) concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up     6     odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.

When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised-space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The argument is that funds are tight, and     7       we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury—    8     saving one-thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems.

But human ingenuity struggles on NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar "system for     9     explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up attack on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private space-flight     10     lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.

3 . Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Deep diving exploration

While most photographers put their cameras away when the night’s dark curtain falls, Zhang Fan gathers his equipment and starts his blackwater diving adventure.

Blackwater diving involves photographing small, free-floating (自由浮动的) ocean creatures that move up to the ocean’s surface (表面)after dark or in any area     1     there is seemingly no bottom.

Still quite new in China, blackwater diving     2     (date) back to 1984 in Hawaii, US.

From small eel larva (幼龄鳗鱼) to big, fierce great white sharks, each of Zhang’s underwater photographs has a “wow” factor. But the story behind each photo adds more emotional value to the work     3     .

“It is like meeting an old neighbor,” the 35-year-old photographer recalled, speaking of the touching moment when he returned to a location   after a long time only     4     (see) the fish he previously photographed still there.

While the underwater world     5       seem fascinating, it’s not always a fairy tale.

Zhang said that he encountered many dangerous moments underwater, including     6     (hit) as a sperm whale (抹香鲸) went by. But what fascinated him most is that he can witness big and small changes in the ocean and     7    these changes can tell him about nature.   

“Corals (珊瑚) are     8       the first indicators of climate change. With the rise in temperature, corals have experienced a process called ‘bleaching (漂白)’,     9     they lose their color and are dying. It is heartbreaking,” he explained.

This risky     10     charming art has helped Zhang attract loads of fans. His Sina Weibo account has more than 430,000 follower）. He hopes that his photos and videos can act as a wake-up call to protect our oceans.

4 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1.

A．Snowy.

B．Cloudy.

C．Smoggy.

D．Rainy.

2.

A．Red.

B．Orange.

C．Yellow.

D．Blue.

3.

A．Snow and rain have already brought an end to the heavy smog.

B．Beijing has gone through two red alerts for smog.

C．Beijing’s PM2.5 levels became worse in 2015.

D．Winter months are the most polluted because of the increased use of cars.

5 . Many people know that trash is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don’t know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too.       1    

Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars.     2    

Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage the vehicle. That’s because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.

To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth’s atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that.       3    

Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so that they can be safely destroyed.

“In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and it’s quite urgent as well,” said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem.       4     Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.

“The time to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments,” he says.

A．In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.

B．There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can’t see.

C．Blowing up older satellites with a missile may create thousands of smaller pieces!

D．One reason that it’s urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.

E．When two objects in space collide, the two objects break into many smaller pieces.

F．Years of space exploration have left tons of “space junk” in orbit (轨道) around the planet.

6 . Dolphins learn special foraging(捕食) techniques from their mothers and it's now clear that they can learn from their buddies as well.       1     It turns out that they learn this skill by watching their pals do the job. The discovery, reported in the journal Current Biology, helps reveal how groups of wild animals can transmit learned behaviors and develop their own distinct cultures.

"Dolphins are indeed very clever animals. So it makes sense that they are able to learn from others," says Sonja Wild, a researcher at the University of Konstanz in Germany.     2     This study, however, shows that dolphins are also motivated to learn from their peers in addition to mimicking their mothers.

The bottle-nose dolphins that live in Shark Bay, Western Australia, have been studied for decades, and scientists have identified over a thousand individuals by looking at the unique shape and markings of their dorsal fins. Researchers know what families the dolphins belong to, and keep track of their close associates.

Wild and her colleagues have closely examined how dolphins learn particular strategy for catching fish---one that involves using the empty shells of large sea snails. A dolphin will chase a fish to one of these shells, and then they insert their beak into the shell, bring the whole thing up to the face. After that, they shake it up above the water surface to drain the water out of the shell until the fish basically falls into their open mouth.

Whether or not dolphins caught fish in this way didn't seem to be explained by how many shells were lying around their hunting area, nor whether a dolphin was genetically related to another dolphin that knew how to do it.     3     Previously, it's been shown that humpback whales seem to learn hunting techniques from their peers in a similar way.

The new observations of wild dolphins learning from their peers is "exciting, "says Diana Reiss, a dolphin cognition researcher at Hunter College, CUNY, "It tells us about the source of some these behaviors. It seems like they're not relying on just learning from mom when they're out there. They seem to be observing others, watching what they're doing and acquiring it from others in their social group."

Being able to learn from peers may help animal populations survive in a changing environment.     4     "In unstable environments that are changing, it's more beneficial to kind of look around and see what others are doing" says Wild, "and maybe adopt their behavioral innovations that may be more adaptive to the new environmental conditions."

A．The best explanation is that dolphins learned this method from a close associate.

B．Research shows that this behavior gets passed down almost exclusively through the maternal line.

C．Young dolphins spend years in close association with their mothers and naturally tend to adopt their mothers' ways

D．Because while knowledge from previous generations has been tested by time, certain behaviors may become less useful if conditions change.

E．Take, for example, the clever trick that some dolphins use to catch fish by trapping them in seashells.

F．Based on this assertion, we can't discount the possibility that they innovate individually on their own.

7 . Environmentally Friendly Denmark

What Are They Doing and

How Is It Helping?

THEY PREFER TO CYCLE On average, Danes living in Copenhagen cycle almost 2 miles a day. Danes are far more likely to own a bike than they are a car, in fact 40% of Danes own a car and 90% a bike. Source: Cycling Embassy of Denmark

THEY DON’T WASTE FOOD Danes are very good at avoiding wasting food. Supermarkets offer 80% reductions at the end of the day to try to minimize waste. An app called “TooGoodToGo” also allows restaurants to give away unwanted food at closing time.

THEY ARE AWARE Danes are mindful about knowing where their food has come from. It is not uncommon for children to be taken to witness killing and dissections of animals at zoos so they understand where the food on their plate began its life. Source: New Yorker

THEY EAT ORGANIC Danes eat more organic food than any other country in the world. This is because organic food is not significantly more expensive than other options, making it a good choice for everyone. Source : The Local

THEY USE CLEAN ENERGY By 2050, Denmark wishes to become independent of fossil fuels. This is far from unreachable as earlier this year the country ran entirely on wind energy for a whole day.    Source: The Danish Ecological Council

1. The article is written to _______.

A．show the readers how Denmark stays environmentally-friendly

B．persuade the readers to adopt Danes’ environmental-protection methods

C．entertain the readers with creative environmental-protection methods taken by Danes

D．identify organizations providing information about the environmentally-friendly Denmark

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A．Demark is able to function properly for long without the use of fossil fuels.

B．Danish supermarkets are trying to reduce its amount of food to cut waste.

C．Many Danes take their children to zoos to show them where food comes from.

D．Unlike other countries, organic food in Denmark is cheaper than non-organic food.

8 . Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. behavior	B. challenging	C. appear	D. responsive	E. increased	F. sheltering
G. command	H. evaluate	I. banned	J. similar	K. frustration

Perhaps you’ve had to put up with a moody, uncooperative teenager. You may have been one yourself. A new study suggests that dogs go through a     1     phase of stubbornness and disobedience when they hit puberty (青春期) at about eight months old.

Looking at the behavior of a total of 378 dogs, researchers found that the animals were more obedient and more     2     on either side of that eight-month period—but only when it came to their owners, not to less familiar trainers.

So not only do dogs     3     to have a difficult puberty just like we do, they also share the     4     that we often feel towards our parents or caregivers when we hit our teenage years. That means a lot to long-term puppy care and     5    .

“This is a very important time in a dog’s life,” says animal     6     researcher Lucy Asher, from Newcastle University in the UK. “This is when dogs are often rehomed because they are no longer a cute little puppy and suddenly, their owners find they are more     7     and they can no longer control them or train them.”

“But as with human teenage children, owners need to be aware that their dog is going through a phase and it will pass.”

In one experiment with 93 Labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and their cross breeds, the dogs at eight months old were found to take longer and be more reluctant to respond to a ‘sit’     8     given by their caregiver than they were when just five months old. The eight-month-olds didn’t show the same stubbornness when the command was given by a stranger, though.

The researchers found further evidence of this effect in survey data gathered on 285 Labradors, golden retrievers, German shepherds and their cross breeds. Dog owners and trainers less familiar with the dogs were asked to     9     the animals’ ‘trainability’ by answering questions on obedience and how quickly commands were responded to.

Again, the caregivers ranked their dogs as less obedient at eight months old compared with five months old or 12 months old. The trainers reported the     10     obedience between the ages of five months and eight months.

9 . Countries are failing to take the action needed to stave off the worst effects of climate change, a UN climate report has found, and the commitments made in the 2015 Paris agreement will not be met unless governments introduce additional measures as a matter of urgency.

New taxes on fossil fuels, investment in clean technology and much stronger government policies to bring down emissions are likely to be necessary. Governments must also stop subsidizing (补贴) fossil fuels, directly and indirectly, the report said.

Greenhouse gas emissions continued their long-term rise last year, according to the report, but they could be brought under control. There are promising signs, such as investment from the private sector in renewable energy and other technologies to cut carbon, but these are currently insufficient to meet scientific advice.

Global emissions have reached what the UN has called "historic levels" of 53.5 gigatonnes(十亿吨) of carbon dioxide equivalent, and are showing no signs of peaking, despite a leveling off in the past decade.

Joyce Msuya, deputy executive director of UN Environment, said: "The science is clear: for all the ambitious climate action we've seen, governments need to move faster and with greater urgency. We're feeding this fire, while the means to extinguish it are within reach. "

Last month, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) warned of the dire effects of allowing global warming to reach 1.5℃ above pre-industrial levels. The world has a little over a decade to bring down greenhouse gas emissions before such dangerous levels of warming become inevitable.

Only 57 countries, representing 60%of global greenhouse gas emissions, are on track to cause their emissions to peak before 2030.If emissions are allowed to rise beyond that, the IPCC has said countries are likely to breach the 1.5℃ limit, which will trigger sea-level rises, droughts, floods and other extreme weather events.

According to the Paris agreement, the first global pact to bind both developed and developing countries to a specific temperature goal, governments must do all they can to stop warming reaching 2℃ above pre-industrial levels, with an aspiration to limit warming to no more than 1.5℃.

Jian Liu, the chief scientist at UN Environment, said some of the necessary policies were clear and available, if there was political will to implement them. "When governments embrace fiscal(财政的) policy measures to subsidize low-carbon alternatives and tax fossil fuels, they can stimulate the right investments in the energy sector and significantly reduce carbon emissions. If all fossil fuel subsidies were phased out, global carbon emissions could be reduced by up to 10% by 2030."

1. Which of the following ideas is NOT included in the UN climate report?

A．Governments should stop their subsidy to the coal and petroleum industry.

B．The efforts made by the government showed some promising signs.

C．Man has been breaking the historical records of global emissions.

D．There is still hope for us to control Greenhouse gas emission.

2. How do you interpret the underlined sentence in paragraph 5?

A．The situation is dangerous and we need to do something to bring it under control.

B．Immediate fire-fighting measures should be taken to keep the fire under control.

C．We are making climate efforts but the achieved effects can be easily reversed.

D．To reduce emissions, we need to close down the fossil-fuel-powered plants.

3. Which of the following statements is True according to the Paris agreement?

A．It is desirable for humanity to limit the temperature rise within 1.5℃.

B．Countries need to control the temperature rise within 2℃ above prehistoric level.

C．Developed and developing countries are bound by their own temperature goals.

D．Disastrous climate change will be irrecoverable if we exceed the 1.5℃ limit.

4. What does the word "dire" mean in paragraph 6?

A．upcoming	B．hazardous
C．crucial	D．convincing

5. What's the primary purpose of this article?

A．To show a huge gap between words and deeds in fighting global warning.

B．To present a clear picture of how Paris agreement is implemented.

C．To appeal for further global commitment to avoid disastrous climate.

D．To warn of worsening climate caused by lack of combined human effort.

10 . 　Suddenly Uncle Henry stood up. “There’s a cyclone coming, Em,” he called to his wife. “I’ll go look after the stock.” Then he ran toward the sheds where the cows and horses were kept.

Aunt Em dropped her work and came to the door. One glance told her of the danger close at hand. “Quick, Dorothy!” she screamed. “Run for the cellar!” Toto jumped out of Dorothy’s arms and hid under the bed, and the girl started to get him. Aunt Em, badly frightened, threw open the trap door in the floor and climbed down the ladder into the small, dark hole. Dorothy caught Toto at last and started to follow her aunt. When she was halfway across the room there came a great roar from the wind, and the house shook so hard that she lost her footing and sat down suddenly upon the floor.

Then a strange thing happened. The house circled around two or three times and rose slowly through the air. Dorothy felt as if she were going up in a balloon. It was very dark, and the wind blew horribly around her, but Dorothy found she was riding quite easily. After the first few twists and turns, and one other time when the house tipped badly, she felt as if she were being rocked gently, like a baby in a cradle (摇篮). Toto did not like it. He ran about the room, now here, now there, barking loudly; but Dorothy sat quite still on the floor and waited to see what would happen.

At last she crawled over the swinging floor to her bed, and lay down upon it; and Toto followed and lay down beside her. In spite of the swinging of the house and the crying of the wind, Dorothy soon closed her eyes and fell fast asleep.

1. What does the underlined word “cyclone” in paragraph 1 probably mean?

A．deadline

B．flood

C．monster

D．tornado

2. Why did Aunt Em go into the hole in the floor when the cyclone approached?

A．To find the puppy Toto.	B．To find shelter from the cyclone.
C．To protect their fortune.	D．To get tools to help Henry.

3. Which of the following is True about Dorothy?

A．She managed to control the house.	B．She found herself flying in a balloon.
C．She turned baby crying loudly.	D．She remained undisturbed with Toto.

4. Which words can be used to describe Dorothy in the emergency?

A．Afraid and brave.	B．Curious and tired.
C．Flexible and calm.	D．Excited and thrilled.