1 . Up to 1 billion birds die from building collisions(碰撞) each year in the United States, and according to a new study, bright lights in big cities are making the problem worse.

The research, published in 2019 in the journal Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, examined two decades of satellite data and weather radar (雷达) technology to determine which cities have the most building collisions. The study focused on light pollution levels, because birds can become attracted to and disoriented (迷失方向的) by lights, and then they are more likely to crash into buildings.

The study found that the most deadly bird-skyscraper collisions are happening in Chicago. Houston and Dallas are the next cities to top the list as the most dangerous. One of the study's authors, Kyle Horton, a postdoctoral fellow at Cornell University, called the cities a “hot spot of migratory (迁徙的) action,” adding, “they are sitting in this primary central passage that most birds are moving through spring and fall.”

Collisions are most common during the two migration periods every year. More than 4 billion birds migrate across the United States per migration period, according to Horton. For Chicago, more than 250 different bird species migrate through the city, adding up to 5 million overall for each migration period.

“Many of these birds are already in serious decline for other reasons,” said Annette Prince, director of the Chicago Bird Collision Monitors, a local conservation group. “So when they're hitting buildings, this is adding to the loss of the healthy members of their species by needless collision.”

In recent years, there have been efforts to cut down on deadly collisions of birds into skyscrapers. The National Audubon Society (Audubon) runs a “Lights Out” campaign to encourage people to turn off their lights from 11 pm to dawn during migration periods.

Prince stressed that reducing urban light is extremely important in the effort to cut down on building collisions. “It's within our power to make sure that we give these birds a better chance,” she said.“They really do deserve a better environment.”

1. Why did the researchers conduct the study?

A．To collect satellite and weather radar data.	B．To explain the causes of building collisions.
C．To identify the most dangerous cities for birds.	D．To study the destructive effect of light pollution.

2. What do Chicago, Houston and Dallas have in common?

A．They try to minimize light pollution.	B．They are located on the bird migratory routes.
C．They have a large number of green skyscrapers.	D．They are making efforts to reduce building collisions.

3. How many birds migrate through the US each year?

A．250 bird species.	B．Around 5 million.
C．About 4 billion.	D．Over 8 billion.

4. What was Prince's attitude to Audubon's campaign?

A．Doubtful.	B．Cautious.
C．Uncaring.	D．Supportive.

2 . The biggest and the smallest of the world’s animals are most at risk of dying out, according to a new analysis, with vertebrates (脊椎动物) in the so-called “Goldilocks zone”—not too big and not too small—winning out. Action is needed to protect animals at both ends of the scale, they say. The research adds to evidence that animals are dying out on such a scale that a sixth extinction is considered under way.

One clue is body size. Research on birds and mammals has shown that those with larger bodies are more likely to go extinct. Yet, when the researchers made a database of thousands of birds, mammals, fish, amphibians (两栖动物) and reptiles (爬行动物) at risk of extinction, they found disproportionate (不成比例的) losses at the large and small ends of the scale.

“Surprisingly, we found that not only the largest of all vertebrate animal species are most threatened, but the very tiniest ones are also highly threatened with extinction,” Prof. Ripple told BBC News.

Large animals, such as elephants, rhinos (犀牛) and lions have long been the target of protection efforts. However, fish, birds, reptiles and amphibians that are the giants of their kind, such as the whale shark, Somali ostrich (鸵鸟) and the Chinese giant salamander (蝾螈), tend to be overlooked. Meanwhile, small species at risk--such as frogs and shrews (鼩鼱)--receive very little attention.

“I think, for the smallest species, first of all we need to bring higher awareness to them, because the larger ones get a lot of attention, but the smaller ones get very little,” said Prof. Ripple.

In the study, vertebrates with the smallest and the largest bodies were found to be most at risk of disappearing, whether they were on land or living in oceans, streams or rivers.

Heavyweights are threatened mainly by hunting, while featherweights are losing out to pollution and cutting down forests. “Ultimately, reducing global consumption of wild meat is a key step to reduce negative impacts of hunting, fishing, and trapping on the world’s vertebrates,” they write in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

1. What made the researchers feel surprised?

A．A sixth of animals are dying out.

B．Small animals are in great danger.

C．Great losses of birds and mammals.

D．Big animals are at risk of disappearing.

2. What should we do first for the smallest species according to Prof. Ripple?

A．Transform our habits.	B．Change our concepts.
C．Find ways to save small animals.	D．Take measures to stop pollution.

3. What presents the great threat to vertebrates according to the last paragraph?

A．Loss of forests.	B．Climate change.
C．Human activities.	D．Environmental pollution.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A．Size Matters When It Comes to Extinction Risk

B．Large Animals Are Badly in Need of Protection

C．Why a Great Number of Animals Are Dying out

D．What We Should Do to Protect Endangered Species

3 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The 21st century is dominated by more technology-oriented inventions than before. The 20th century     1    (see) man land on the moon. The 21st century will witness man landing on several planets. The first will be Mars, also     2    (call) the Red Planet. As planned by NASA, the mission can be achieved by 2030. That will set a precedent(先例) for explorations by future generations. Furthermore, increased investment in research is likely     3     (lead) to the discovery of a vaccine for AIDS.

Technology is advancing fast. Social media at present acts as one of the leading 64.    4    (source) of news and interaction,     5     has a negative influence on traditional media,     6    (particular) print newspapers. Social media will soon take over the market.

Mobile phones will play a greater role     7     the purchase of goods, as well as the withdrawing and depositing of money. Electronic money will replace paper money. In addition, with declining oil reserves across the world, electric cars will replace petrol cars in a few decades. As     8     result, there will be a major shift in job trends.

Global warming will become an even     9    (big) problem, with sea levels     10    (continue) to rise. Freshwater sources will be polluted. Fresh water will become a major issue. Hence environmental destruction will increase greatly.

4 . When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).

Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.

Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.

Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.

The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.

Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.

Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She is trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.

1. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?

A．To promote guilt-free fur.

B．To expand the fashion market.

C．To introduce a new brand.

D．To celebrate a winter holiday.

2. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?

A．Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.

B．Nutria are an endangered species.

C．Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.

D．Nutria are illegally hunted.

3. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Boomed.

B．Became mature.

C．Remained stable.

D．Crashed.

4. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?

A．It’s formal.

B．It’s risky.

C．It’s harmful.

D．It’s traditional.

5 . One morning our new neighbor saw my grandfather planting two rare tree saplings(树苗）in our garden. And he also planted the same kind of tree saplings in his garden. My grandfather gave________enough amount of water to his plants and didn't always give them full ______while our neighbor gave a lot of water to his plants and ______them too well. My grandfather's plants were simple but looked good, _______our neighbor's plants were much fuller and greener.

Normally, in summer, we have strong thunderstorms called "Kalboishakhi" which can bring great damage to life and _______. After a "Kalboishakhi", my grandparents and I came out to________the damage to our garden and saw the neighbor was in his garden, too, but look ______as his plants were uprooted. Our plants weren't damaged and were standing ______ on the ground, our neighbor was______ to see this, and he came up to my grandfather and said with______, I actually looked after my plants better than you did for yours. ______, my trees came off from the roots, but yours didn't. How is this_______?"

My grandfather smiled and said, "You gave your plants more attention and water, so they didn’t have the ______to work themselves for anything. I gave them just the ample amount of and manure (肥料），letting their_______ search for more;thus they went deeper and made their position   stronger, That is why my plants________ With an expression of deep_______ our neighbour nodded_______It made me realize then that though my grandfather was ______with me on many occasions even during our vacations with his do's and don'ts, I became aware that anything ______got or can go off   that much more easily and we will not ______the hard work it takes earn those things. "

1.

A．mainly

B．nearly

C．barely

D．exactly

2.

A．hope

B．support

C．time

D．attention

3.

A．dealt with

B．looked after

C．brought up

D．waited on

4.

A．and

B．while

C．so

D．or

5.

A．animals

B．land

C．environment

D．possessions

6.

A．predict

B．analyze

C．check

D．confirm

7.

A．tired

B．upset

C．bored

D．ashamed

8.

A．firm

B．still

C．bent

D．abnormal

9.

A．disappointed

B．relieved

C．frightened

D．surprised

10.

A．anger

B．sorrow

C．embarrassment

D．anxiety

11.

A．Anyway

B．However

C．Otherwise

D．Therefore

12.

A．possible

B．exciting

C．alike

D．suitable

13.

A．reason

B．need

C．chance

D．power

14.

A．branches

B．trunks

C．leaves

D．roots

15.

A．survived

B．twisted

C．spread

D．delayed

16.

A．admiration

B．doubt

C．regret

D．sadness

17.

A．public

B．peace

C．approval

D．turn

18.

A．strict

B．annoyed

C．patient

D．content

19.

A．occasionally

B．mistakenly

C．secretly

D．easily

20.

A．understand

B．accelerate

C．oppose

D．undertake

6 . California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）.

The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.

Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）.

But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.

The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）.

Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.

B．The increasing variety of California big trees.

C．The distribution of big trees in California forests.

D．The influence of farming on big trees in California.

2. Which of the following is well-intentioned（出于好心的） but may be bad for big trees?

A．Ecological studies of forests.	B．Banning woodcutting.
C．Limiting housing development.	D．Fire control measures.

3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre?

A．Not enough snowmelt.	B．A longer dry season.
C．A warmer climate.	D．Dampness of the air.

7 . In the shadow of Kenya’s Mount Kilimanjaro, nine Rothschild giraffes, the rarest giraffes on the planet, are free to wander at the English-style manor (庄园). Every day shortly before 9am, they come up to the house and stick their heads through the windows and doors in search of morning treats. The manor’s owners, Tanya and Mikey Carr-Hartley, share their dining table with them. And now the couple are sharing the fantastic experience with the public by opening the manor gates to guests at the giraffe hotel, the only hotel of its kind in the world. Now, guests can feed the giraffes at breakfast but can also get up close to them from their second-floor bedrooms.

Mr and Mrs Carr-Hartley，both 38, spent their childhood living close to the house in Nairobi and have always been enthusiastic about the animals. Tanya said, “Mikey and I grew up near this manor house when we were children. We are both third generation Kenyans and have always wanted to work in conservation. Mikey’s family have been related to the protection of animals for many generations. His granddad helped the removal of giraffes as far back as the 1930s because the Rothschild giraffes lost much of their natural living space. When the house came up for sale, we jumped at the chance to buy it as we had always dreamed of owning it. Now, we were absolutely overjoyed to do something for the giraffe protection. Having the giraffes so close is very special and something which people can now experience by staying in one of the ten rooms at the hotel.”

A conservation project to save them was started at the manor in 1974 by the previous owners. “The previous owners ran a very successful breeding (繁殖) programme, where many giraffes were set free into the wild and we hope to continue,” said Tanya.

1. Why are the Carr-Hartley family unusual?

A．They’re living on the rarest giraffes.	B．They share their home with giraffes.
C．They’re good at making giraffes’ food.	D．They train giraffes to manage the hotel.

2. What can we know about Mikey’s family?

A．It has had a long connection with giraffes.	B．It used to raise giraffes around the manor.
C．It built a new manor for the wild giraffes.	D．It removed giraffes to Mount Kilimanjaro.

3. Which can best describe the manor’s previous owners’ conservation project?

A．Visitor-friendly.

B．Energy-saving.

C．Costly.

D．Fruitful.

4. What is the suitable title for the text?

A．Giraffes’ breakfast by guests	B．Reasons for giraffe protection
C．The world’s only giraffe hotel	D．History of the giraffe manor

8 . Why do we like drinking water form plastic bottles? Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy — you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, they often buy bottles of cold water in summer.

However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source (资源) of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we recycled all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, they don't recycle much of the plastic they use. In 2006, Greeks recycled only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas.

So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you recycled it, you would help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a recycling bin near you? Well, there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in halves, you will have a plant pot. Go green! You can make a difference.

1. What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage? It’s ______.

A．expensive

B．healthy

C．clean

D．easy

2. Plastic products are made from ______.

A．energy

B．oil

C．soil

D．plants

3. ________ of plastic waste became rubbish in Greece in 2006.

A．10%

B．50%

C．80%

D．90%

4. Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles?

A．To drop them into the river.	B．To make a plant pot.
C．To make a piggy bank.	D．To recycle them.

9 . 低碳生活

现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。
提示词语:be good for, ride a bike, on foot, make a difference, protect, environment, live a low-carbon life, reuse.
要求:1.词数80-120词；
2.字迹工整，语言流畅，表达正确，逻辑清晰；
3.文章中不得出现真实的校名、姓名、地名等。
内容:作为学生，该如何去实践低碳生活，请根据以下要点，谈谈你的经历、感受及建议:
1.上下学走路或骑自行车，少乘汽车；
2.随手关灯节约用电；
3.生活简单，生活用品尽量做到循环使用。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10 . Every year gray whales swim a 10,000 miles round-trip, from the cold water near Alaska, down the coast of North America to the warm waters near Mexico, and back again. It is one of the longest migrations (迁徙) of any mammal.

All day, all summer long, in the cold waters near Alaska, gray whales eat and eat. Instead of teeth, gray whales have baleen (鲸须) they use to get food from ocean water. They get big mouthfuls of muck (淤泥) from the ocean floor, then push that muck right back out through their baleen. The mucky water flows through, but tiny animals get trapped in the baleen and licked up.

When the water starts to freeze, the whales begin their long trip south. They swim night and day, without stopping to eat or rest. During the long journey, migrating whales may push their heads out of the water to see where they are.

Two months later, the whales reach Mexico. Babies are born here in warm, shallow (浅的) waters called lagoons (濒海湖). Ocean lagoons have no food for the adults, but the babies are safer here than in the open seas. All winter the babies grow big and strong.

In spring first the dads and teenagers leave the lagoons, then the moms with babies. Migrating gray whales swim close to shore, especially moms with babies. The ice is melting up north, and it’s time for the hungry whales to make the long journey back to their summer feeding grounds.

1. The underlined phrase “licked up” in Paragraph 2 probably means “_____”.

A．given up	B．ended up
C．broken up	D．eaten up

2. During their long journey to Mexico, gray whales _____.

A．always swim under the ocean	B．find food to supply their energy
C．face the colder and colder water	D．travel to the lagoons without a break

3. Where do mother gray whales give birth?

A．In warm shallow waters near Mexico.	B．Off the coast of North America.
C．In the open seas near Mexico.	D．In cold waters near Alaska.

4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about gray whales in the text?

A．How long they live.	B．How they get their food.
C．When they get back to Alaska.	D．How long they spend traveling to Mexico.