A Weather Report in Australia
New South Wales | There is a warning in place as |
Queensland | At least |
Northern Territory | Residents should only experience light showers, and it will remain |
Perth | There will be |
Geraldton | Rain showers will come in from the |
2 . On a September night almost anywhere in southern Europe, you might see beech trees rustle (发出沙沙声) with activity. If you shine a light into the branches,you may see animals with large eyes and bushy tails.
They are called fat dormice. Despite their name, all types of dormice are more closely related to squirrels than mice. That explains their bushy tails and why they hang out in trees and bushes. But most squirrels are active during the day. Like other dormice, fat dormice come out at night.
Once the sun sets, fat dormice go to work filling themselves with beech seeds until they grow fat. These animals add at least half their body weight in just a few weeks. They’re preparing for a winter sleep. Lots of animals hibernate (冬眠),but fat dormice do so for seven or eight months. After putting on plenty of eight, a fat dormouse makes a nest. There it will spend the winter. Its body uses the stored fat for energy while it hibernates. But seven months is a long time,so the dormouse needs to use its energy slowly.
Everything in a fat dormouse’s body slows down when it hibernates. That’s true of all hibernating animals. They breathe more slowly and their hearts beat less often. Those changes help the animals survive several months without eating. But in fat dormice, the bodies slow down even more than the bodies of other hibernating animals that live in similar environments. At temperatures well above freezing (15℃), hibernating fat dormice may breathe only once every 10 minutes. During a midwinter freeze, they breathe only once an hour. Hibernators such as little brown bats and squirrels breathe more often. Their hearts beat more often, too. But those animals hibernate for only five or six months. Fat dormice have to stretch their energy supply for two or three months longer.
Over seven or eight months, the fat dormouse slowly uses up the fat it stored in the fall. In May, it finally wakes up. It is much thinner, very hungry, and ready to make the most of its short summer before it is time to hibernate again.
1. What is a characteristic of fat dormice?A.They feed on insects. | B.They look the same as mice. |
C.They enjoy staying underground. | D.They are active during the night. |
A.To fight against enemies. | B.To protect their families. |
C.To survive during the winter. | D.To feed baby fat dormice. |
A.Fat dormice are super energy savers. |
B.Fat dormice are good food searchers. |
C.Fat dormice store more energy than other hibernators. |
D.Fat dormice breathe more quickly in midwinter than in summer. |
A.To compare several kinds of animals. |
B.To introduce a champion of hibernation. |
C.To explain how fat dormice earned their name. |
D.To show how hibernating animals spend the winter. |
3 . In the wild, monkeys need to watch out for all sorts of dangers,like leopards (豹),eagles and snakes. But the green monkeys studied by Julia Fischer of the German Primate Center have an additional challenge: they also have to scan the skies for drones (无人机). "Why do we fly a drone over green monkeys?" one may ask. The answer is that Fischer and her colleagues are interested in how monkeys communicate.
In a classic study back in the 1980s, scientists showed that African vervet monkeys (长尾黑频猴) produce alarm calls that are specific to the hunters they meet. For example,vervet monkeys hearing a leopard alarm might climb up a tree hurriedly, whereas the eagle call sends them running for cover under the closest bush.
Now,the green monkeys that live in Senegal share a similar system to warn of leopards and snakes. But they aren’t known to raise much noise in response to bird hunters. Therefore,the researchers decided to fly a drone over them. They treated 80 green monkeys to a show of drones. How did the animals react to these unfamiliar drones? “These monkeys did respond. And they responded with alarm calls,and they responded by running away,” Fischer said.
Here’s where things get really interesting: the calls the green monkeys made after spotting the drones were different from the ones they used to signal leopards or snakes. But what's even more interesting is that when the researchers did an analysis of the sound,they found that these alarm calls were almost strangely similar to the ones of the African vervets. And the findings are described in the journal Nature Ecology & Evolution.
The fact that the two monkey species seem to speak similar language, even though they separated from their last common ancestor some 3 million years ago,suggests that this kind of warning system is unchanged. So if you hear a monkey make alarm calls like that, watch out for a hungry bird, or check to see if your drone has delivered your package.
1. What did the study in the 1980s find about vervet monkeys?A.They could meet a variety of hunters in Africa. |
B.They separated from their very close cousins early. |
C.They could hide themselves very well from the hunters. |
D.They made particular alarm calls according to the hunters. |
A.By shouting and climbing up trees. | B.By making noises and playing dead |
C.By sending alarms and running away. | D.By hiding themselves under shelters. |
A.The alarm calls green monkeys made after spotting the drones. |
B.The alarm calls the African vervets made after spotting the drones. |
C.The alarm calls green monkeys used to signal leopards or snakes. |
D.The alarm calls the African vervets used to signal leopards or snakes. |
A.Survival of the Fittest— the Choice of Nature |
B.The Application of Drones in Scientific Studies |
C.Green Monkeys and Their Habits Are Back to Nature Finally |
D.Green Monkeys and Their Cousins May Share Similar Language |
要点:
1. 保护环境是我们中学生的职责;
2. 保护环境的具体措施;
3. 让我们都为地球母亲尽一份力。
注意: 1. 词数100词左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
3. 开头和结尾已为你写好, 不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
Do you want to live in a beautiful world? So it is our duty to protect the environment.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Students’ Union
5 . Kenya has been at the forefront of the global war on plastic since 2017, when officials outlawed plastic bags. In 2020, the government raised the demand with a ban on single-use plastics. Unfortunately, tons of industrial and consumer plastic waste continue to get poured into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her way, the unsightly plastic garbage mountain will soon be transformed into colorful bricks.
The materials engineer’s search for an effective solution to controlling plastic pollution began in 2017, when she set up a small lab in her backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help build the machinery to make them.
She says, “I wanted to use my education in applied physics and materials engineering to do something about plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear the solution had to be practical, sustainable and affordable. The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes.”
Her company, Gjenge Makers, now hires 112 people and produces over 1,500 bricks a day, which are made using a mix of plastic products that can’t be reprocessed or recycled. The collected plastic is obtained directly from factories or picked by hired locals from landfills and mixed with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed (压缩) into bricks that vary in color and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper than traditional concrete (混凝土) bricks. Most importantly, it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic.
Matee, recognized as one of the Young Champions of the Earth 2020 — the United Nations’ highest environmental honor — is far from done. Her dream is to reduce rubbish by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, “The more we recycle plastic, the more we produce affordable housing…the more we create more employment for the youth.”
1. Which word best describes Kenyan government’s measures against plastic?A.Temporary. | B.Effective. | C.Fruitless. | D.Unreliable. |
A.She turns knowledge into actual products. |
B.Her company’s funded by the government. |
C.She produces brick-making machinery herself. |
D.Her bricks are made from recyclable plastic waste. |
A.Its low cost. | B.Its wide range of uses. |
C.Its economic benefit. | D.Its environmental value. |
A.Matee’s achievement. |
B.Matee’s greater ambition. |
C.Multiple challenges Matee faces. |
D.Innovative solutions to plastic waste. |
6 . Technology is likely to play a big part in reaching its climate goals in the future.
Fusion is the process that fires the sun. But some experts say it could someday power our homes. Fusion happens when the nuclei (核) of two atoms are subjected to extreme heat. This leads to the formation of a new larger atom and large amounts of energy. One problem is the process itself requires a large amount of energy. Developers of the technology haven’t yet performed a fusion reaction that releases more energy than it requires. In addition, running an electric power plant of fusion would require the resulting heat to be contained in an economical way.
Advanced nuclear plants would be smaller than today’s massive nuclear reactors. Experts say they could be used in rural areas and could take over for wind and solar power when the sun goes down or the wind dies. But advanced nuclear reactors are difficult and costly to build. Critics say they would also create more waste. And they would run on uranium (铀), which could make some advanced reactors more appealing to militants (激进分子) seeking materials to make weapons.
Currently, there are 15 direct air capture plants operating worldwide, getting CO directly from the air and puts the gas underground. The costs are currently high. But supporters say those costs will fall as the technology improves. They also say tax breaks for businesses could help the technology. But critics say offering large credits could actually lead to more plants continuing to burn fossil fuels.
Hydrogen (氢) can be mixed with natural gas to make a cleaner-burning fuel. This could power a fuel cell vehicle. Such a vehicle would release environmentally friendly water vapors.
So-called clean hydrogen can be produced using energy methods such as wind and solar. But those methods are more costly than “grey hydrogen”, which is made with fossil fuels. Geothermal power plants capture heat up to 370 degrees Celsius far below the earth’s surface. The heat creates steam that can turn turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity. But the technology would need to greatly expand to become a major alternative to fossil fuels.
1. How does the author develop the passage?A.By analyzing the cost. |
B.By introducing the values. |
C.By weighing the positive and negative. |
D.By following the order of great importance. |
A.Carbon Capture is in the theoretical stage. |
B.Nuclear fusion has been widely used in families. |
C.Grey hydrogen belongs to environmental protection energy |
D.The advanced nuclear plants have hidden dangers of making weapons. |
A.Geothermal power. | B.Carbon Capture. |
C.Advanced Nuclear. | D.Fusion and Hydrogen. |
A.New Issues Facing Climate Goals |
B.Develop New Energy According to Local Conditions |
C.What Are the Future Development Goals of Clean Energy? |
D.Which Technologies Could Help the World Reach Its Climate Goals? |
7 . Want to support animals in need? Here are three ways to show them some love.
Grounds & Hounds
When you buy any item from Jordan Karcher’s coffee company, Grounds & Hounds, part of the proceeds (收入) go to animal shelters near you. In 2015, Grounds & Hounds’ donations helped partners provide blankets, food and services for about 2,000 rescue animals.
Tel: 888-228-8914
E-mail: info @ groundsand hounds coffee.com
Fetch Eyewear and the Pixie Project
In 2004, Ann Sacks founded Fetch Eyewear, a company that sells stylish frames at affordable prices. Three years later, she launched the Pixie Project—a nonprofit project that offers free and low-cost treatment of animal diseases and injuries and rescues pets from overloaded shelters across the country—and 100 percent of Fetch’s profits now benefit the charity. To date, the two organizations have helped with more than 5,000 pet adoptions and about 1,000 surgeries (外科手术).
Adoption: 503-542-3433
Fax: 503-542-3437
Fur for the Animals
Fur for the Animals, run by the animal advocacy group Born Free USA, is a campaign (open through December 31) that collects unwanted furs and donates them to wildlife rehabilitation (康复) centers. The furs are used by injured creatures that need to feel cozy and comforted. More than 1,000 pounds of furs have already made their way to animals in need throughout the U.S.
Tel: 011-5952- 5440
1. Through Grounds & Hounds, how can you help animals?A.By buying coffee from it. | B.By donating money to it. |
C.By getting a pet. | D.By volunteering your services. |
A.503-542-3433. | B.011-5952-5440. |
C.888-288-8914. | D.503-542-3437. |
A.The success they have got |
B.How to profit from animals |
C.The three ways to show love to animals |
D.How kind they are to animals |
8 . From littering the highest mountain peak to the deepest sea, we have messed up the environment and not left a single spot clean. Plastic pollution was also the theme for the last year’s Environment Day, but has anything changed?
With a “hope” to change things, a 150 feet long and 12 feet high “Wall of Hope” has been constructed using 15,000 discarded bottles collected from various sources such as streets and roads in Mussoorie and the surrounding region, which encourages the tourists to keep the surroundings clean.
Mussoorie attracts armies of visitors from neighboring cities every month so that it sometimes gets choked by over-tourism. But then, people hardly paid attention to the “saving the environment” cried these days. So, in order to convey this message in a meaningful and beautiful way, the locals of Mussoorie came up with this unique concept to remind travelers of the litter they leave behind.
The wall was built by over 50 volunteers that are basically school and college students who stepped forward to help bring this idea to life. For establishing this, plastic bottles of different shapes, sizes, and colors have been collected and fixed in this wall. Seeing their tireless efforts, the village locals also joined in later to help turn this project into a success story and then it spread like wildfire. They are actually admiring this new addition to the landscapes of Mussoorie, saying that the town looks even more beautiful now!
The wall was designed by Subodh Kerkar, founder of the private art gallery Museum of Goa. Talking to Hindustan Times, Kerkar said, “The wall will draw structural strength from steel pillars (柱子) being fixed two feet deep into the ground. The structure is completely rain and wind proof. I hope the wall will inspire a sense of beauty and will add color to the peaceful background of the hills.”
1. What is the function of the question mentioned in Paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic of the passage. |
B.To remind readers of the climate change. |
C.To show the theme of the Environment Day. |
D.To stress the bad effect of plastic pollution. |
A.Abandoned. | B.Decorated. | C.Broken. | D.Donated. |
A.It was made of certain equal- sized bottles. |
B.It was designed by some college students. |
C.It attracts fewer tourists to visit Mussoorie. |
D.It raises tourists’ environmental awareness. |
A.Towering and less known. | B.Common and well-received. |
C.Unique and far reaching. | D.Huge and money consuming. |
9 . In India, there are many ironing vendors (商贩) who
India’s science and technology department
After seeing her
Vinisha, a student from Tamil Nadu, India, had the idea of creating a renewable energy source to
She spent six months designing a wheeled cant. The cant has solar panels which
To complete the invention, Vinisha devoted herself to reading college-level physics textbooks to
Now, her innovation is getting
“I am not just a girl from India. I am a girl from Earth,” Vinisha said in her speech. “All of us should understand that environmental issues are real and can’t be
A.make | B.tailor | C.press | D.sew |
A.fueled | B.supported | C.consumed | D.burned |
A.recalled | B.estimated | C.reviewed | D.criticized |
A.charity | B.committee | C.school | D.neighborhood |
A.processed | B.used | C.burning | D.grilled |
A.streets | B.neighborhood | C.environment | D.blocks |
A.gases | B.air | C.covering | D.emission |
A.instead of | B.take place | C.upgrade | D.replace |
A.submit | B.reflect | C.absorb | D.expose |
A.contained | B.stored | C.sucked | D.conveyed |
A.work on | B.know from | C.approve of | D.figure out |
A.Engineers | B.People | C.Faculty | D.Intellectuals |
A.national | B.global | C.nationwide | D.neighboring |
A.address | B.outspeak | C.deliver | D.present |
A.raised | B.avoided | C.fostered | D.fixed |
In Northwest China's Gansu Province
The incredible landscapes were created by sandstone and minerals piling on top of one another over the years due to tectonic plate movements. Wind, rain, and tine then carved the rock formations and rolling hills into