1 . The demand for proper waste disposal has become increasingly urgent. While powerful organizations and giant companies are to be held responsible for the majority of carbon emissions（排放）, we can still do our part in reducing our carbon footprints. And it can be done by simple segregation（分类） and proper garbage disposal. In the small city of Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, an app called Hakoot is looking to solve this problem.

Hakoot was created by brothers Efren Jamolod Jr. and Jesrome Jamolod, both lovers of nature. They were first inspired to create the app because of a debate in a Facebook group in Dapitan city about garbage collection problems.

Efren states, "When we looked at it, we thought we can do something about this. So we started to put forward some solutions. We tried to validate（证实） this problem based on our research. It does not exist only in Dapitan. It is everywhere in the country, mostly in third world countries.

Efren explains, "We developed two applications. One for the garbage collectors, and one for the residents（居民）, where they can do real-time monitoring. The garbage collectors will do the garbage collection and they will be able to see the location and the type of garbage the residents will be disposing of. At the same time, the end-user will be able to monitor the garbage collectors' location, when it will arrive, and the distance from his location."

It is noted that it is still up to the individual to segregate. With the pressing issue of climate change, proper garbage disposal can greatly reduce our carbon footprints. Efren says, "It's a huge part of it. Garbage collection is a daily activity. Every day we consume. Therefore, more or less, we produce waste. If that's not handled properly, then there's no recycling, then we need to reproduce more products."

1. What caused the brothers to develop the app?

A．Their concern about garbage issues.	B．Their enthusiasm about inventions.
C．Their dislike of defeat in the debate.	D．Their confidence in their research.

2. What can we infer about waste disposal from the last paragraph?

A．Hakoot has proved to be quite efficient.	B．Efforts individuals make matter a lot.
C．People dispose of rubbish improperly.	D．Waste segregation is hard to accomplish.

3. What is the passage meant to tell us?

A．The proper ways to collect and deal with garbage.

B．What we can do to contribute to waste disposal.

C．A scientific approach to recycling industry waste.

D．An app developed to help the disposal of garbage.

2 . The Pharos, the great lighthouse of Alexandria, was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. It stood on the island of Pharos, in the harbor of the city of Alexandria. In 290 B.C, Ptolemy I Soter, the ruler of Egypt, ordered the building of the lighthouse. Twenty years later, it was finished−the first lighthouse in the world and the tallest building on Earth except the Great Pyramid of Egypt.

The Pharos was designed by Sostrates, a Greek architect. Sostrates wanted to leave his name on the base of the lighthouse. But Ptolemy refused, ordering that only his own name appear on the building. But Sostrates found a way to do that. At the base of the Pharos, Sostrates left a message containing his own name. Then he covered it with plaster (建筑石膏) and left Ptolemy's name over it. After many years, the plaster disappeared and people knew the true architect of the lighthouse.

In 1302 and 1323, two strong earthquakes hit Alexandria, and the lighthouse was damaged. In 1326, it finally fell into the sea. Much of what we know about the lighthouse comes from the writings of Arabs who once visited the Pharos.

The Pharos was about 384 feet tall, the same height as a modern 40-storey building. At the top of the lighthouse stood a large statue of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. Under it was a beacon, the source of light for the lighthouse. The Pharos used two kinds of beacons. At night, a large fire created the light. During the day, a huge mirror made use of the sunlight to create the light.

It was said that the mirror was also used to set enemy ships on fire as they entered the harbor by directing the sun’s rays (sunlight) at them. Although it is clearly impossible, the idea is interesting.

1. Why did Sostrates use plaster at the base of the Pharos?

A．To follow Ptolemy's orders.

B．To hide his name left on the base.

C．To protect the base from damage.

D．To make the lighthouse more beautiful.

2. How long had the Pharos stayed standing?

A．For about 800 years.	B．For about 1,000 years.
C．For about 1,600 years.	D．For about 2,000 years.

3. What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to?

A．The lighthouse.	B．The statue.
C．A large fire.	D．A huge mirror.

4. What can be a suitable title for the passage?

A．Sostrates and Ptolemy.

B．The function of an old lighthouse.

C．The Pharos, a wonder of the ancient world.

D．The architect of an old lighthouse.

3 . 上周日上午你在市星光广场参加了你校组织的“清洁家园”志愿活动。 假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文报道此次活动。内容包括：
1. 活动目的； 2. 活动过程； 3. 活动意义。
注意：1. 词数80左右。
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4 . Passenger pigeons were the most common birds in all of North America in the 1800s. It was common to see large groups of passenger pigeons — group that made a sound like a storm.

But today, they are extinct because of human behavior. Now, some scientists want to bring passenger pigeons back to life by using new technology and scientific ideas. They call this process de-extinction

De-extinction has not happened yet. It is still just an idea. The process of de-extinction is not easy. First, scientists must collect DNA from the bodies of extinct animals. Then they will put it in the eggs of similar animals species. When these animals become adults, they will have babies. And these baby animals will have the DNA of the extinct animals.

Scientists believe it is possible to bring back passenger pigeons and many other animals. However, not everyone think this is a good idea.

Stewart Primm is the world’s leading expert on modern animal extinction. He believes that bringing extinct animals back to life is bad for the earth. On the one hand, these animals no longer have a safe place to live. On the other hand, they could cause other animals to die.

Many other scientists do not agree with Stewart Primm. Stuart Brand, a writer and scientist, is one of them. He believes de-extinction is good for many reasons.

“The current generation of children will experience the return of some unusual animals in their lifetime. It may be part of what defines their generation and their attitude to the natural world. They will take their parents to zoos to see the growing populations of passenger pigeons, and maybe even dodo birds. This will provide a good deal of money for zoos busy with extinct species restoration (恢复). Humans killed off a lot of species over the last 10,000 years. So, it’s right to bring some back to life,” he said.

1. What can we know about the passenger pigeons from the text?

A．They were common sightings.

B．They suffered a lot from storms.

C．They lived mainly in North America.

D．They were the largest in American history.

2. What do we know about de-extinction?

A．It will change the DNA of the extinct animals.

B．It was first used in passenger pigeons.

C．It is difficult to carry out.

D．It proved to be useful.

3. Why is Stuart Primm against bringing back extinct animals?

A．They will die very soon.

B．They will create other problems.

C．They will do great harm to humans.

D．They will replace the similar species.

4. How does Stuart Brand feel about de-extinction?

A．Wrong	B．Difficult
C．Important	D．Wasteful

5. Where is the text most probably from?

A．A research paper.

B．A scientific magazine.

C．A travel guidebook.

D．A geography textbook.

5 . Ramen noodles have been a go-to food for students for decades. After all, they only take eight minutes to cook in a dorm hotpot and are easy on the budget. Holly Grounds, a recent project design graduate who used to eat a lot of ramen noodles when she studied, started thinking that the packaging of a product shouldn't take decades or more to break down. That's why she decided to make eatable wrappers （包装材料） for noodles, avoiding the need for plastic.

Grounds wanted to produce a product that the user could watch actually melt in the pot. “While other bio-based alternatives to plastic claim to be able to break down, in a consumer’s eyes, it's not always that simple,”she said. “Many of the bio-based films only break down at 50 degrees Celsius, so they often end up in the wrong place without the consumer really knowing that they caused damage to the planet.”

Now, instead of plastic packs of seasonings, the dried spices and flavorings （调味品）are part of a flavorless bioplastic film that wraps the noodles and keeps them fresh. The film melts in less than a minute when it comes into boiling water, and the liquid becomes the sauce （调味汁）for the noodles.

“The sauce is heated until the mixture is thick enough. At this point, I add the spices and flavorings before pouring it into a mold （模子）to set for 24 hours,” Grounds said. These noodle parcels are then packaged in a wax-coated paper.

With plastics taking hundreds of years to break down, eatable packaging and single-use articles are seen as the way to go. Grounds sees opportunities to use her eatable packaging for other ready meals and she wants to contribute to the global fight against single-use plastics.

1. Why does Grounds want to replace plastic wrappers with eatable ones?

A．The plastic ones are not eco-friendly.

B．The plastic ones do harm to our health.

C．The eatable ones appeal to more consumers.

D．The eatable ones save more cooking time.

2. What makes the bio-based films fail to break down in practice?

A．The immature technology.

B．The high cost of process.

C．Their very special material composition.

D．Their specific conditions of breaking down.

3. What do we know about the eatable wrapper according to Paragraph 3?

A．It ensures longer preservation time.

B．It requires a special cooking method.

C．It ends up as the sauce for food.

D．It improves the nutrition of noodles.

4. The fourth paragraph mainly talks about the                      the eatable noodle wrappers.

A．the method of using	B．the process of making
C．the packaging design for	D．the storage requirements for

6 . For sports fans, there's nothing better than watching a live event on TV or at a sports venue（场地）. But there's nothing worse than that event being called off because of bad weather. Bad light, a waterlogged pitch （场地）or excessive heat can cause matches to be postponed. But according to the latest research, extreme weather might be disrupting （打乱） the sporting calendar more than ever in the future.

In one sport, golf, major tournaments like The Open, are already predicted to be victims of our changing climate. In the UK, an organization called The Climate Coalition says that golf courses such as St Andrews could be under water by the end of the century if sea levels rise even slightly. It told the BBC that its research predicts ^u cancelled football matches, flooded cricket grounds and golf courses crumbling into the sea.”

The threat to sporting fixtures （体育赛事）from climate change has been further highlighted in a new report, commissioned by the Rapid Transition Alliance. Writing about this for the BBC, Matt McGrath says that ”By 2050, it's estimated that almost one in four English football league grounds can expect flooding every year." This will mean fewer matches played, less opportunity to watch the beautiful game and reduced revenue （收入） from ticket sales.

Cricket also faces huge challenges globally as temperatures rise in places like India, Australia and the West Indies. The report says that stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will see a 60% increase in days with temperatures over 40°C over the next decade.

Of course, we know that the solution lies with reducing our carbon footprint. We could travel less to attend sports events, and reduce our waste when we do go. But this latest report finds that sports leaders are generally failing to address the issue seriously. However, because sport is universally popular and can be very influential, maybe it should be players, teams and their sponsors who promote a carbon-neutral message to help protect sporting venues - before it's ‘ game over’.

1. According to the passage, the following sports will be affected by extreme weather except

A．golf

B．table tennis

C．football

D．cricket

2. Why might revenue from football league tickets be reduced by 2050?

A．The number of people who are interested in football matches is expected to decrease.

B．The number of football players is expected to decrease.

C．The prices of football tickets are expected to go down.

D．Some football grounds are expected to be flooded.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Sports fans like watching a live event on TV better than at a sports venue.

B．Golf courses such as St Andrews could not be flooded if sea levels rise a little.

C．Cricket stadiums in Adelaide and Perth will get very hot over the next decade.

D．Sports leaders take the effects of climate change very seriously.

4. What's the best title for the passage?

A．Sport and Sporting Venues.	B．Sport and Challenges.
C．Sport and Climate Change.	D．Sport and Revenue.

7 . Dolphins learn special foraging(捕食) techniques from their mothers and it's now clear that they can learn from their buddies as well.       1     It turns out that they learn this skill by watching their pals do the job. The discovery, reported in the journal Current Biology, helps reveal how groups of wild animals can transmit learned behaviors and develop their own distinct cultures.

"Dolphins are indeed very clever animals. So it makes sense that they are able to learn from others," says Sonja Wild, a researcher at the University of Konstanz in Germany.     2     This study, however, shows that dolphins are also motivated to learn from their peers in addition to mimicking their mothers.

The bottle-nose dolphins that live in Shark Bay, Western Australia, have been studied for decades, and scientists have identified over a thousand individuals by looking at the unique shape and markings of their dorsal fins. Researchers know what families the dolphins belong to, and keep track of their close associates.

Wild and her colleagues have closely examined how dolphins learn particular strategy for catching fish---one that involves using the empty shells of large sea snails. A dolphin will chase a fish to one of these shells, and then they insert their beak into the shell, bring the whole thing up to the face. After that, they shake it up above the water surface to drain the water out of the shell until the fish basically falls into their open mouth.

Whether or not dolphins caught fish in this way didn't seem to be explained by how many shells were lying around their hunting area, nor whether a dolphin was genetically related to another dolphin that knew how to do it.     3     Previously, it's been shown that humpback whales seem to learn hunting techniques from their peers in a similar way.

The new observations of wild dolphins learning from their peers is "exciting, "says Diana Reiss, a dolphin cognition researcher at Hunter College, CUNY, "It tells us about the source of some these behaviors. It seems like they're not relying on just learning from mom when they're out there. They seem to be observing others, watching what they're doing and acquiring it from others in their social group."

Being able to learn from peers may help animal populations survive in a changing environment.     4     "In unstable environments that are changing, it's more beneficial to kind of look around and see what others are doing" says Wild, "and maybe adopt their behavioral innovations that may be more adaptive to the new environmental conditions."

A．The best explanation is that dolphins learned this method from a close associate.

B．Research shows that this behavior gets passed down almost exclusively through the maternal line.

C．Young dolphins spend years in close association with their mothers and naturally tend to adopt their mothers' ways

D．Because while knowledge from previous generations has been tested by time, certain behaviors may become less useful if conditions change.

E．Take, for example, the clever trick that some dolphins use to catch fish by trapping them in seashells.

F．Based on this assertion, we can't discount the possibility that they innovate individually on their own.

8 . As a species,ginkgo(银杏）trees, which enjoy a reputation as "The Tree that Time Forgor", have existed relatively unchanged for 200 million years.While scientists have revealed the mysteries of the tree's long life, it won't help humans soon.

Scientists in China examined the genetic component of very young ginkgo trees,comparing samples between several hundred and a thousand years old.    1    The scientists also found that, unlike other plants, ginkgo genes with regard to aging do not automatically become active at a certain stage in their life cycle.    2    This explains why old ginkgo trees produce as many seeds as young ones and how they continue to grow wide for as long as they live.

Furthermore,ginkgo trees are born with protective biochemical characteristics,in the form of hormones, antioxidants, and bactericides.    3    Also, they have evolved adaptations that enable them to resist pests and climate extremes.

    4    Over time,weather and other factors limit upright growth and cause leaves to die.Yet,even as this aging occurs, the cell-reproducing system of the gingko tree remains active, maintaining healthy growth.Growth typically starts slowing down after 200 years, but the trees remain healthy.Each year, they renew their parts, adding new wood,leaves, roots, and reproductive organs.In theory,gingko trees should live forever.    5    

A．Of course,these trees do age, to some extent.

B．Their immune systems were found to be similar.

C．That is, ginkgo trees have no genetic program for death.

D．All of these strengthen their resistance to diseases and bacteria.

E．While they contain minor poison, humans still eat their fruits for health reasons.

F．However,ginkgo trees still die from pests,drought,and other damaging events.

G．They have survived some greatest catastrophes, such as the extinction of the dinosaurs.

9 . Will human beings find intelligent alien (外星的) life anytime soon? Probably not, according to theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking.

Hawking made the prediction during the Breakthrough Starshot announcement in New York City on April 12. At the news conference, Hawking, along with Russian billionaire sponsor Yuri Milner and a group of scientists, detailed a new project that aims to send a large number of tiny, wafer-size (薄饼大小的) spaceships into space to the neighboring star system Alpha Centauri (半人马座阿尔法星).

If these tiny spaceships travel at 20 percent of the speed of light, they'll be able to reach Alpha Centauri in just 20 years, Milner said. Once there, the spacecraft will be able to do a 1-hour flyby of Alpha Centauri and collect data that's impossible to gather from Earth, such as taking close-up photos of the star system, studying space dust molecules (分子) and measuring magnetic fields (磁场), said Avi Loeb, chairman of the Breakthrough Starshot Advisory Committee and a professor of science at Harvard University.

In addition to learning about space technology, the audience wanted to hear about aliens--specifically, when scientists might find them.

Hawking took questions from reporters in advance so that he would have time to prepare his answers.

Hawking has famously predicted that intelligent aliens might threaten humankind. Indeed, when asked about what Earthlings should do if we came across intelligent alien life, he said, “We should hope that they don' t find us.”

Other researchers at the conference offered a more optimistic view of alien life.

1. What are the wafer-size spaceships mainly designed for?

A．Looking for aliens.	B．Doing a 1-hour flyby.
C．Landing on Alpha Centauri.	D．Collecting data about Alpha Centauri.

2. Stephen Hawking might agree that________.

A．pretty soon human beings will find alien life

B．we may find alien life a danger to human beings

C．Alpha Centauri is suitable for human immigration (移民)

D．scientists should be sent into space to collect data

3. The underlined word “Earthlings” in Paragraph 6 probably means________.

A．sponsors	B．reporters
C．human beings	D．scientists

4. The next part of the passage will probably deal with________.

A．analysis of the data collected

B．other questions from reporters

C．possible ways to defend us against aliens

D．other scientist’ opinions on alien life

10 . The huge T-rex (霸王龙) bends over a large triceratops (三角龙) lying on his side below. With its mouth open wide, the T-rex looks ready to kill the triceratops with a final bite to the triceratops’s neck. The display will be found at the National Museum of Natural History.

The museum has sought a huge T-rex skeleton (骨架) for many years. Before, it used a model of one. But museum director Kirk Johnson says that was never good enough. “It’s been kind of deeply embarrassing to be the national museum and NOT have a T-rex,” he said. The T-rex display is now the centerpiece of the museum’s newest show, which will be available to the public on July 15.

That T-rex, named Sue, was found in South Dakota. Officials at the museum built a special area for the skeleton. It includes a gift store of all things related to Sue. Sue even has her own Twitter account and a media presentation of her life story.

In modern times, movies like “Jurassic Park (侏罗纪公园)” have helped grow dinosaur interest for a new generation of young fans. But such movies describe the T-rexes as mostly huge, stupid and dangerous animals, which are true threat in the fighting: quick, intelligent and aggressive hunters in groups.

1. What is described in Paragraph 1?

A．How a T-rex hunts in the wild.

B．How a T-rex will be displayed in a museum.

C．How a T-rex is painted in a picture.

D．How a T-rex is filmed in a movie.

2. What do we know about the T-rex skeleton?

A．It was found in Australia.

B．It has been open to the public.

C．It is valued by the museum.

D．It is still a model one.

3. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Movies about dinosaurs should be reduced.

B．The young generation dislikes dinosaurs.

C．The T-rex is a kind of huge, stupid dinosaur.

D．Some movies are misleading in a way.