1 . Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social _________ of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will _________ in certain ways, like gathering together to protect their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to _________ one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly _________ to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food?

In the laboratory, chimps don’t _________ share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull _________ -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, _________, are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this _________ in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally _________ in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very __________ age before most parents have started to train their children to behave __________. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence __________ in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the __________ world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can __________ what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) __________goal.

6 . When Arfel Condova-Rojas was biking to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge last November, she planned to go bird-watching. Bingo! A mile into her walk, she saw a female _________ near the water’s edge. Cordova-Rojas had worked at a wild bird rehab (康复) center and _________ that swans can be aggressive. But as she approached this time, it didn’t _________. She was certain that the bird needed _________ attention. Cordova-Rojas put her jacket over the bird’s head to keep it calm, _________ picked it up and held it in her arms. And then a thought _________ her: What should I do now?

Her best _________ was the rehab center, but that was on the other side of town. How was she going to transport a 17-pound swan on her _________ all that way? Luckily, some _________ driving by offered her, her bike and the swan a (n) __________ to the rehab center.

Staff members at the rehab center __________ that the swan might have lead (铅) poisoning. They got the swan back up on her feet. __________, the swan had a bacterial infection. Two months after Cordova-Rojas came to her __________, she passed away.

It’s a (n)__________ ending, but the story shows just how far people are willing to go to __________ animals.

7 . When Deborah hiked cycling to Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge in New York last November, she _________ a female mute swan near the water’s edge. Deborah, 30, who had worked at the Wild Bird Fund rehab (康复) center, knew that mute swans can be aggressive. But as she _________ this one, it didn’t move.

She was certain that the bird needed _________ attention. Deborah covered her jacket over the bird’s head, _________ picked it up, and cradled it in her arms. And then a thought _________ her: What should I do now?

Her best choice was the rehab center, _________ that was across the East River and clear on the other side of town. How was she going to _________ a 17-pound swan on her bike all that way? Luckily, some confused strangers driving by offered them a(n) _________ to a nearby subway station.

On the subway, no one seemed particularly disturbed by the _________ passenger. “One guy,” says Deborah, “was sitting right in front of me on his __________. I don’t know if he noticed the swan before him when talking with the person on the other end.”

Deborah called the rehab center on the way, and Tristan Higginbotham, an animal-care manager, __________ her up at the subway station and drove the bird, the bike, and the __________ to the center. There, staff members determined the swan might have lead (铅) poisoning, caused by __________ weights on fishing lines.

The staff got the swan back up on her webbed feet (蹼足). The swan even made a __________ at the center—another injured swan. __________, even with all that TLC (tender loving care), the swan had a bacterial infection. Two months __________ Deborah came to her rescue, she passed away early this January.

It’s a(n) __________ ending, but the real story is just __________ some people are willing to go to save a swan in the big city—literally. In all, Deborah traveled two hours by foot, __________, and subway (while hauling her bike). Higginbotham says, “That’s the perfect __________ of who she is.”

8 . When Julie got back home from school that afternoon, she noticed a pigeon. It was sitting very closely to the front door of her ______. It seemed the pigeon hadn’t moved at all. Julie moved ______. She noticed the pigeon had a wound on its wing. She was worried that a dog or a cat would eat the ______ animal. Julie ran upstairs to tell her mom about the pigeon.

"We have to help it!" Julie ______. Julie's mom made a disgusted face. "I don't want to. Pigeons have ______," she said. Julie began to cry. This made Julie's mom feel bad. She ______, but she gave Julie some ______. The pigeon had to stay in the kitchen in a storage bin. Julie's mom didn't want to touch the ______ bird.

While Julie tried to feed the bird bits of moist bread, Julie's mom looked online for local animal ______ organizations. She felt silly trying to save an injured pigeon though. Finally she found an organization that would ______ the bird, but not until the next morning. Julie stayed up all night ______the bird.

The next morning Julia and her mother took the ______ to the bird rescue organization. Many people on the train gave Julie and her mother ______ looks. Julie's mother just shrugged. When they got to the ______, the worker smiled warmly, "It's so kind of you to do this. This ______ a lot to the pigeon!" ______ goodbye to the worker, Julie looked so ______ with a slight flush on her cheeks. On their way home, leaning on her mother' shoulder, Julie said ______, "Thank you, mom, for your support and ______. " Julie's mom patted her head, "I'm proud of you, sweetheart. You've taught me ______: Every life deserves to be respected and loved."

9 . The best friend a man has in the world may turn against him and become his enemy. His son or daughter that he has reared with loving care may _______ ungrateful. Those who are nearest and dearest to us, those whom we trust with our happiness and our good name may become _______ to their faith.

The money that a man has, he may lose. It flies away from him, perhaps when he needs it _______. A man's reputation may be _______ in a moment of _______ action. The people who are prone to fall on their _______ to do us honor when success is with us, may be the first to throw the stone of malice (恶意) when _______ settles its cloud upon our heads.

The one absolutely unselfish friend that man can have in this selfish world, the one that never _______ him, the one that never proves ungrateful or _______ is his dog. A man's dog stands by him in ________ and in poverty, in health and in sickness. He will sleep on the cold ground, where the wintry winds blow and the snow ________ fiercely, if only he may be near his master's side. Aiming to show intimacy and enthusiasm, he will ________ the hand that has no food to offer in awe.

He will lick off the wounds and sores that come in encounters with the ________ of the world. He guards the sleep of his pauper master as if he were a prince. When all other friends desert, he ________. When riches take wings, and reputation falls to pieces, he is as ________ in his love as the sun in its journey through the heavens.

If fortune drives the master forth, an outcast in the world, friendless and homeless, the faithful dog asks no higher ________ than that of accompanying him, to ________ him from danger, to fight against his enemies. And when the last ________ of all comes, and death takes his master in its embrace and his body is ________ in the cold ground, no matter if all other friends pursue their way, there by the graveside will the noble dog be found, his head between his paws, his eyes sad, but open in ________ watchfulness, faithful and true even in death.

10 . We had our son Wesley checked out because of his indifference to communicate with people. To our ______, he was diagnosed with autism(自闭症).

Out of everything the doctor had said, the only word I could ______ was socialization — key for Wesley to develop ______ skills. The instant we got on the car, we ______ brainstormed ways to make his world more social. It suddenly ______ me that we were in need of a dog. Soon, we brought the dog Josie home. Wesley didn’t seem that ______ her, no matter how adorable she was. But then I began to ______ Wesley petting her when he thought no one was looking.

Four months after we’d gotten Josie, I ______ the two of them out for a long play. By the end, they were both ______. As soon as I put Wesley in his car seat, he fell asleep, with Josie ______ her head on his shoulder. That’s when I knew they had ______ bonded. One of our biggest ______ was that Wesley had no sense of danger and didn’t ______ what a moving car meant. He would dart out in the street. I was ______ he would get hit by a car. Luckily, Josie was able to ______ keep him on the sidewalk with us.

The best thing about having a ______ is that kids come to you. ______ the daily walk to the bus stop provides an opportunity for Wesley to socialize with other children. Kids surround him with ______ about Josie and we practice his answers at home so he is more comfortable talking ______. I finally learned how to make peace with autism while so ______ it.