1 . When she first started learning about the climate change from one of her elders,Fawn Sharp was invited on a helicopter flight over the Olympic Mountains to survey the Mount Anderson glacier.But the glacier was gone,melted by the warming climate.Sharp had a deep sense of loss when she discovered the glacier wasn’t there anymore.
Loss is a growing issue for people working and living on the front lines of climate change.And that gave Jennifer Wren Atkinson,a full-time lecturer at the University of Washington Bothell,US,an idea for a class.
This term,she taught students on the Bothell campus about the emotional burdens of environmental studies.She used the experiences of Native American tribes(部落),scientists and activists,and asked her 24 students to face the reality that there is no easy fix—that “this is such an intractable problem that they’re going to be dealing with it for the rest of their lives”.
Student Cody Dillon used to be a climate science skeptic(怀疑论者).Then he did his own reading and research,and changed his mind.
Dillon wasn’t going into environmental work—he was a computer-science major.Yet,the potential for a worldwide environmental catastrophe seemed so real to him five years ago that he quit his job and became a full-time volunteer for an environmental group that worked on restoration(恢复) projects.
Six months into the work,he decided that Atkinson’s class was just what he was looking for—a place where he could discuss his concerns about a changing climate.
Atkinson said she hoped the class helped her students prepare themselves for the amount of environmental loss that will happen over their lifetimes.
“We are already changing the planet—so many species are going to be lost,displaced or massively impacted,” she said.“The future isn’t going to be what they imagined.”
1. Why did the author mention the case of Fawn Sharp?| A．To lay a basis for Fawn Sharp’s further research. |
| B．To prove Fawn Sharp’s work is similar to Atkinson’s. |
| C．To lead into the issue of loss caused by climate change. |
| D．To show scientists’ concern about the Mount Anderson glacier. |
| A．Simple. | B．Difficult. |
| C．Common. | D．Interesting. |
| A．To explore how different people deal with climate change. |
| B．To get students more concerned about the environmental issue. |
| C．To find solutions to the environmental issue of Olympic Mountains. |
| D．To teach students how to conduct research about environment. |
| A．It made him work as a part-time volunteer for restoration projects. |
| B．It made him realize a planet-wide climate disaster would happen. |
| C．It encouraged him to be more involved in environmental protection. |
| D．It discouraged him to work on restoration projects for the environment. |
2 . Soot (煤灰) pollution is speeding up climate-driven melting in Antarctica, a new study suggests, raising questions about how to protect the delicate continent from the increasing number of humans who want to visit.
“It really makes us question, is our presence really needed?” says Alia Khan, one of the authors of the new study. “We have quite a large black carbon footprint in Antarctica, which is enhancing snow and ice melt.”
Black carbon is the leftover thing from burning plants or fossil fuels. Soot in Antarctica comes primarily from waste gases of cruise ships (游轮), vehicles, airplanes and electrical generators, although some pollution travels on the wind from other parts of the globe. The dark particles (微粒) coat white snow and absorb heat from the sun the way a black T-shirt does on a warm day. The blanket of dark bits speeds up melting that was already happening more quickly because of global warming. When snow and ice are uncovered, they reflect an enormous amount of sunlight before it can turn into heat.
“These are the mirrors on our planet,” says Sonia Nagorski, a scientist at the University of Alaska Southeast. “When those mirrors are covered in a film of dark bits, they are less reflective. That means more heat is trapped on Earth, speeding up melting and contributing to global warming.”
As a scientist who personally visits Antarctica every year, Khan says she is troubled by her own research results. On the one hand, she goes to Antarctica to collect crucial data about how quickly the snow and ice there are disappearing. “But then when we come to conclusions like this it really does make us think twice about how frequently we need to visit the continent,” she says, “and what kind of regulations should be placed on tourism as well.” That could mean requiring that cruise ships and vehicles be electric, for example, or limiting the number of visitors each year.
1. What are the feelings expressed in Khan’s words in paragraph 2?| A．Doubt and concern. |
| B．Confidence and courage. |
| C．Anger and disappointment. |
| D．Optimism and certainty. |
| A．Burnt plants. |
| B．Tourist vehicles. |
| C．Black carbon elsewhere. |
| D．Fossil fuels underneath Antarctica. |
| A．It causes Antarctic surface temperature to rise. |
| B．It is increasing in amount because of wind. |
| C．It reflects a large volume of sunlight. |
| D．It is like a big mirror on Earth. |
| A．Help design scientific research regulations. |
| B．Use electric cars for her daily transportation. |
| C．Collect more data about Antarctica. |
| D．Reduce her visits to Antarctica. |
3 . Universities are doing everything they can to become a green campus. But there are also items students can do to make your campus more eco-friendly.
Recycle everything, especially paper!
There is a large amount of paper a college student goes through every term.
Buy green.
Walk and bike to school.
Most campuses, especially those that are trying to become a more eco-friendly campus,have pretty good public transit (公共交通系统).
A water bottle can be refilled at any water fountain and can easily be drunk in class or while riding a bike. This will protect the environment by decreasing the amount of plastic waste on your campus.
Buy used clothing.
It is usually thought of as something to do to save money.
| A．Carry a water bottle. |
| B．It is also good for the environment! |
| C．Buy as many recycled products as possible. |
| D．Paper made of this kind of wood is much stronger. |
| E．On top of that, almost all universities are pedestrian (步行者) friendly. |
| F．It includes class notes, term papers, student newspapers and so on. |
| G．Universities call on all the students to learn to recycle all the waste paper. |
注意：1、词数80左右；2、可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
5 . China launched a large robotic spacecraft early Tuesday morning at the Wenchang Space Launch Center in South China’s Hainan province, tasking it with landing on the moon and bringing back lunar samples, 44 years after the last time such extraterrestrial substances were brought back to Earth.
A Long March 5 heavy-lift carrier rocket lifted its 20-story-tall body and soared skyward trailing a spectacular silver flame at 4:30 am from its launch pad, leaving many spectators in awe and excitement. The rocket was tasked with placing the 8.2-metric ton Chang’e 5, which consists of four parts --- orbiter, lander, ascender and re-entry capsule --- in an Earth-moon transfer trajectory. Chang’e 5 will fly in it within the next several days and make some correction operations before conducting a key braking maneuver to avoid accidentally flying past the moon. After its arrival in lunar orbit, the probe(探测器) will fly around the celestial body for a certain period of time and will then separate into two parts, with the orbiter and re-entry capsule remaining in orbit while the lander-ascender combination going down to the lunar surface. The landing combination will make an engine-assisted touchdown on the moon and later conduct such assignments as obtaining underground rocks from 2 meters beneath the surface and gathering surface dirt. If everything proceeds smoothly, about 2 kilograms of stones and soil will be collected and packed in a vacuum metal container inside the ascender. After the two-day surface operations are done, the ascender’s rocket will elevate it to lunar orbit to dock with the re-entry capsule. The combination of orbiter and re-entry capsule will then depart the lunar orbit and return to Earth’s orbit, where the pair will break up and the re-entry capsule will return to a preset landing site in North China in mid-December. Back on the lunar surface, the lander will continue carrying out survey and measurement.
The entire mission is scheduled to last about 23 days, according to the China National Space Administration.
1. What does the underlined word “trajectory” in paragraph 2 probably mean?| A．space | B．capsule | C．path | D．operation |
| A．To transfer samples back to earth. |
| B．To be ready if the lander broke down. |
| C．To obtain underground rocks and surface dirt. |
| D．To help the lander-ascender combination go down to the lunar surface. |
| A．The collection of rocks and dirt will last about 23 days. |
| B．Chang’e 5 will fly at a fixed speed to avoid flying past the moon. |
| C．The vacuum metal container will be delivered to the re-entry capsule after the collection. |
| D．The lander will come back to earth with the ascender to carry out survey and measurement. |
| A．Space Race between Superpowers |
| B．China’s Ambition to Explore Outer Space |
| C．Chang’e 5 Sets out to Collect Moon Samples |
| D．A Successful Mission to Bring back Lunar Samples |
| A．Rainy. | B．Sunny. | C．Cloudy. |
7 . When you think of the Himalayas, you may picture tall, rocky, snow-covered peaks. But that’s not true.
The subnival (亚冰雪的) region is the zone between the treeline and the snowline. It is 5 to 5 times as large as the areas of glaciers and permanent snow, which means studying it is vital to understanding the Himalayas as a whole.
The treeline is the edge of an ecosystem where trees are able to grow, and beyond the treeline environmental conditions become too tough to allow tree growth. Meanwhile, snowlines are the boundaries on mountains that separate areas with permanent snow (where snow is present for the majority of the year) from areas with seasonal or no snow.
Researchers used satellite data from 1993 to 2018 to measure plant cover between 4,150 meters and 6,000 meters above sea level. The scientists discovered that the greatest increase in plant cover was between an altitude of 5,000 meters and 5,500 meters. Subnival plants mostly include small shrubs and grasses.
Even areas once completely occupied by glaciers now hold rocks covered with mosses, lichen, and sometimes even flowers. In addition, the snowline seems to be retreating, while the treeline is expanding. This shows that the region is becoming warmer, causing more melting of snow and allowing vegetation to move up in height.
In the past 40 years, 25% of all Himalayan ice has been lost due to global warming. Himalayan glaciers are reducing by about 0.5 meters each year. The rate of glacier melting has doubled in this decade. The melting of glaciers increases water in the region, making it wetter. Receding snow also forces the snowline to move up, providing a greater amount of area for the warm and moist conditions, which are perfect for vegetation growth.
As of now, we do not know whether vegetation will accelerate or slow down the rate of glacier melting.
1. How does the writer develop the third paragraph?| A．By explaining concepts. | B．By providing some examples. |
| C．By analyzing causes and effects. | D．By listing specific data. |
| A．Disappearing. | B．Lengthening. | C．Withdrawing. | D．Widening. |
| A．The snowline moves up. | B．Glaciers are melting faster. |
| C．The subnival area is wetter. | D．Plants grow much better. |
| A．The climate of the Himalayas is changing. | B．Icebergs in the Himalayas have disappeared. |
| C．Plants are diverse in the Himalayas. | D．Plant life spreads in the Himalayas. |
The Temple of Heaven Park, Tiantan in Chinese, is located in the Dongcheng District, Beijing. It is the
Covering an area of 2,700,000 square meters, it is larger than the Forbidden City,
| A．By taxi. | B．By bus. | C．On foot. |
10 . It sounds like something from the field of science fiction — a space exploration into vast outer space, heading towards the Red Planet While we're not quite ready to put a person on it, the question we ask today is: why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?
The space race saw the USSR(the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) and USA compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The USSR released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else, and the US landed on the Moon first. Now it appears that Mars is the body of desire. While to be the first nation to land on it is an obvious draw, there are other reasons why we want to get there.
One of these could be the survival of our species. You only have to look at the fossils of the dinosaurs to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming-changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.
However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept of changing habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.
It seems that the main reason at the moment is the search for alien life. It has long been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial life on our planet didn't start here, but was brought here via asteroid from Mars.
One benefit supported by scientists like Neil deGrasse Tyson is that landing on Mars may inspire more people to become interested in science and astronomy. Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.
1. What achievement did the USSR make in the space race?| A．It was the first country to put a person on the moon. |
| B．It was the first nation to launch an artificial satellite. |
| C．It was the first country to land on the surface of Mars. |
| D．It was the first nation to send the dinosaur fossils into space. |
| A．Curious. | B．Ambiguous. | C．Thrilled. | D．Negative. |
| A．Rescuing the species on the earth. | B．Looking for life in outer space. |
| C．Understanding humans' evolution. | D．Increasing young people's enthusiasm about space. |
| A．Why Do We Desire To Leave Earth? | B．Why Do We Attempt To Go To Mars? |
| C．Can We Settle Down On Other Planets? | D．Should We Stop Searching For Alien Life On Mars? |
