1 . A new study on 26 chimpanzees (黑猩猩) from zoos around the world found that chimpanzees can recognise family members and long lost friends even after decades of separation.

The participating chimpanzees were given juice while staring at a screen flashing side by side photos of other chimps. One animal from each pair of photos had lived with the group for at least a year, while the other was a stranger. An eye-tracking camera recorded where the participants were looking and for how long. Data showed their eyes rested longer on familiar groupmates, suggesting “rich recognition of each other.”

There is also evidence that they became more intent when shown a picture of a chimpanzee with whom they’d had more positive interactions, compared with conflicting relationships.

In the most impressive case, a 46-year-old chimpanzee named Louise repeatedly demonstrated “intense” attention upon seeing photographs of her sister Loretta and nephew Erin, whom she hadn’t seen in more than 26 years. The team said Louise’s results represent the longest-lasting social memory documented in any non-human animal to date.

“We tend to see ourselves as unique special creatures with incredible intellectual (智力的) capacities that are very different from other animals on earth,” said Laura Simone Lewis, a postdoctoral fellow in Berkeley’s psychology department and lead author of the study. “This study is showing us how similar we are to chimpanzees.” She noted that the findings support the theory that long-term social memory in humans and modern day chimps has come from “our last common ancestor that lived somewhere between 5 to 7 million years ago” who also likely had long-term social memory.

Now that they have definitive evidence that these endangered species possess long-term social memories, researchers have more questions, including whether chimpanzees miss the individuals they’re no longer with, especially their friends and family. “Our study doesn’t determine they are doing this, but it raises questions about the possibility that they may have the ability to do so,” Lewis said.

1. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?

A．The nature of chimps.	B．The method of the study.
C．The analysis of the recorded data.	D．The layout of experimental equipment.

2. What does the underlined word “intent” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Attentive.

B．Doubtful.

C．Hesitant.

D．Emotional.

3. Why is the example of Louise in paragraph 4 mentioned?

A．To stress chimps are as intelligent as human beings.

B．To explain where chimps’ social memory comes from.

C．To better demonstrate the chimps’ memory length.

D．To further prove the existence of chimps’ social memory.

4. What will the research team most probably continue to explore?

A．Whether chimps feel strong emotions to their long lost friends.

B．How to strengthen chimps’ long-term social memories.

C．How chimps recognised their close contacts after long separation.

D．Why chimps possess the amazing social memories.

2 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why did the man go to the Philippines?

A．For a trip.

B．For further studies.

C．For volunteer work.

2. Who helped the man with the project?

A．The local students.

B．The local government.

C．The local businessmen.

3. What’s the aim of the project?

A．To explore an island.

B．To help the poor students.

C．To protect the environment.

3 . Amid rolling farms and green pasture 150 miles northwest of Sao Paulo, Brazil, two tropical forests bloom as one. The first consists of a single species, row after row of non-native eucalyptus (桉树), planted in perfect lines like carrots. The other is haphazard, an assortment of dozens of varieties of native saplings.

There’s no denying it: This forest looks ridiculous. The gangly (修长的) eucalyptuses shoot like witch fingers high above patches of stubby fig (矮壮的无花果树) and evergreen trees. Yet these jumbled 2.5-acre stands of native trees, ringed by fast-growing exotics, are among many promising efforts to resurrect the planet’s forests.

The eucalyptuses, says Pedro Brancalion, the University of Sao Paulo agronomist who designed this experiment, get big so quickly they can be cut after five years and sold to make paper or fence posts. That covers nearly half or more of the cost of planting the slow-growing native trees, which then naturally reseed ground that has been laid bare by the harvest. And this process doesn’t hamper natural regeneration.

You needn’t look far these days to find organizations trying to save the world by growing trees. Too often, tree-planting groups are so focused on getting credit for each seedling planted that they ignore what matters most: What kind of woodland is created? At what cost? And most importantly: How long will it last? Using the numbers of trees planted as a magic “proxy for everything,” Brancalion says, you “spend more money and get lower levels of benefits.” You can literally miss the forest for the trees.

Tree planting seems like a simple, natural way to counter the overwhelming crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. Trees provide wildlife habitats and slurp carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. No wonder trees are hailed as the ideal weapon. Yet for every high-profile planting operation, devastating failures have occurred. In Turkey, Sri Lanka, and Mexico, mass plantings have resulted in millions of dead seedlings or have driven farmers to clear more intact forest elsewhere. Trees that have been planted in the wrong places have reduced water yields for farmers, destroyed highly diverse carbon-sucking grassland soils, and allowed for invasive vegetation to spread. Simply reforesting the planet isn’t going to do much if we don’t also start cutting down on our emissions from the burning of coal, oil, and natural gas. Tree planting also can’t replace old-growth forests. Saving them is even more important than growing new forests.

So, what should we do?

To Brancalion, the answer is obvious: Restore native forests, mostly in the tropics, where trees grow fast and land is cheap. While that may require planting, it may also call for the clearing out of invasive grasses, the rejuvenation (使有活力) of soils, and crop yield improvements so that farmers will need less land for agriculture and more can be allowed to revert back to forests.

The combining of eucalyptus harvests with native plantings is just one more reminder that successful restoration must provide value to local communities. In many cases, if we let nature do the heavy lifting, Brancalion says, “the forest can regrow quite effectively.”

1. What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?

A．The non-native eucalyptuses bring profits that can pay for planting native saplings.

B．The non-native eucalyptuses compete with native saplings for water, nutrients, and light.

C．The variety of trees being planted determines whether or not the restoration will succeed.

D．Planting fast-growing exotics together with local trees does harm to the natural environment.

2. The example of mass plantings in Turkey, Sri Lanka, and Mexico is used to _______.

A．emphasize the significance of protecting existing forests

B．explain why tree planting is regarded as the ideal solution

C．illustrate the serious problems planting campaigns can cause

D．indicate the most important point tree-planting groups ignore

3. According to the author, we should do all the following EXCEPT _______.

A．clear more forest to improve crop yields for farmers

B．combine harvests of fast-growing exotics with native plantings

C．restore native forests in the tropics and clear out invasive grasses

D．take into consideration the benefits of reforestation to local communities

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Plant trees—and time will tell.	B．Plant trees—but don’t overdo it.
C．Plant trees—and save the world.	D．Plant trees—but mind the variety.

4 . Conservation organization Plantlife is urging people to put away their lawnmowers (除草机) for a month and let wild flowers grow instead, as part of its No Mow May project.

Leaving the grass uncut will create a habitat that will benefit bees and other insects, the organization says. Plantlife says lawns could be biodiversity hot-spots if left alone. It says those who participated in its campaign last year reported the growth of more than 250 plant species on their lawns. Among these were wild strawberry and wild garlic. There were also sightings of declining species like green-winged orchids.

One gardener who has been enjoying a more relaxed approach is Tom Jennings, 45, from Buckinghamshire. He says it’s a chance to reconnect with the natural world. “Those fascinated by neat gardens use not only lawnmowers but chemicals.” says Tom.

After letting his back garden grow out, Tom witnessed an explosion of wild flowers—important for pollinators (授粉者) such as bees. Tom says he’s been shocked at how quickly insects have returned to his back garden: an encouraging signal given the global decline of insect populations.

According to Colette Webb, 42, who lives in West Sussex, there are added benefits to letting nature gradually take its course in the garden. “It saves you a bit of time and arguments with the husband about getting the lawnmower out—something my husband hates doing,” she says. “There’s a part of me that thinks the garden is really messy, but when you sit there for some time a day and look at what’s it’s supporting, you realize it’s for the benefit of nature.”

But not everyone is on board with the idea, says David. One of his neighbours is pursuing their own re-wilding project in their own garden—but the other is yet to be convinced. “And my mother, who’s 81, still says it looks untidy,” he laughs.

1. What is the major goal of Plantlife’s No Mow May project?

A．Helping promote biodiversity.	B．Attracting more garden visitors.
C．Making their gardens look more natural.	D．Saving people’s trouble of mowing their gardens.

2. What do we know about Tom Jennings from the text?

A．He is crazy about neat gardens.

B．He hates having to cut the grass regularly.

C．He believes the project is increasing the number of insects.

D．He benefited a lot from the decline of insects in his garden.

3. What added benefit did No Mow May project bring to Colette Webb?

A．She gets on better with her husband.	B．Her husband has come to enjoy gardening.
C．Her garden is no longer as messy as it used to be.	D．She has formed the habit of sitting in the garden.

4. Which can be used to replace the underlined part in the last paragraph?

A．Shows concern about.

B．Makes response to.

C．Agrees with.

D．Comes up with.

5 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What happened yesterday near Santa Barbara?

A．There was another storm.

B．There was a traffic jam.

C．There was a fire.

2. When is the storm expected to hit northern California?

A．On Tuesday.

B．On Wednesday.

C．On Thursday.

3. How will the storm stand out from others in the past?

A．It will be more powerful.

B．It will move more quickly.

C．It will bring more rain and snow.

6 . When our first son Brendan was born in Sydney in 1966, we planted a golden elm tree in our front yard.It and Brendan _________ together and when we _________ the house, eight years later, the tree branched (长出枝条) out over our heads. We were _________ we had to leave it behind when we moved to New South Wales.

A young couple bought our home and were _________ it.Over the next 37 years, when travelling to Sydney, my family _________ couldn’t help stopping to see the tree. With time, the golden elm grew more beautiful.The owners still loved the home and seemed not to _________ at all that we didn't completely leave them alone.

Recently on the way to Sydney, my husband _________ to see how the house and the owners were getting on. It had been about ten years since we had last _________ and the tree had been removed some years earlier._________, the owner, Gillian, suggested she would contact (联系) us some time in the future, so my husband gave her our ____________.

When I heard about her ____________ message, I wondered what she meant. One day in December, we had a phone call from Gillian. She wanted to drop something in to us for our ____________. I told Brendan that there was a mysterious gift being ____________ for him that day, so it was indeed ____________ when Gillian handed him a package containing two carved wooden bowls. Gillian had asked a local woodworking company to make the ____________ from a piece of the trunk of the golden elm, which she had ____________ several years earlier. My husband’s ____________ had driven her to follow through with her idea.

What a pleasure it was to ____________ that package. We were ____________ by her thoughtfulness (体贴), and amazed that her long­term plan actually did ____________.

1.

A．watched

B．grew

C．played

D．worked

2.

A．built

B．sold

C．found

D．entered

3.

A．sorry

B．afraid

C．angry

D．nervous

4.

A．proud of

B．polite to

C．worried to

D．delighted with

5.

A．never

B．seldom

C．always

D．still

6.

A．forget

B．believe

C．mind

D．remember

7.

A．feared

B．decided

C．agreed

D．refused

8.

A．failed

B．finished

C．lost

D．stopped

9.

A．Instead

B．Besides

C．However

D．Therefore

10.

A．tree

B．address

C．key

D．message

11.

A．encouraging

B．personal

C．important

D．secret

12.

A．son

B．friend

C．parent

D．neighbour

13.

A．ordered

B．bought

C．made

D．sent

14.

A．strange

B．funny

C．exciting

D．heartbreaking

15.

A．phone

B．.       bowls

C．branches

D．package

16.

A．picked

B．planted

C．stored

D．covered

17.

A．dream

B．mistake

C．visit

D．suggestion

18.

A．post

B．receive

C．offer

D．use

19.

A．shocked

B．confused

C．amused

D．touched

20.

A．end

B．fall through

C．form

D．come true

7 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What do the British like doing with birds according to the speaker?

A．Eating them.

B．Watching them.

C．Hunting them.

2. What effect have the British had on wild birds?

A．They have increased their numbers.

B．They have allowed one type to take over.

C．They have changed their natural habits.

3. Who are most likely to be interested in the talk?

A．Gardeners.

B．Pet owners.

C．Nature lovers.

8 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. What is the focus of the announcement?

A．The warning of a natural disaster.

B．The place to buy food and drinks.

C．Some ways of entertainment at the hotel.

2. Which place does the speaker tell people to go to?

A．The beach.

B．The hotel rooms.

C．The underground floor.

3. What should guests bring with them?

A．Shoes.

B．Bags.

C．Food and water.

4. Who will be waiting for the guests?

A．The government official.

B．The safety officer.

C．The hotel staff.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Xiamen, lying in Fujian Province, is a famous coastal city. As far as I’m concerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjoy the clear sky, the beautiful sea,     1     green tropical plants. As Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it’s neither too cold in winter     2     too hot in summer. The best seasons to go to Xiamen     3    (be) both spring and summer. Besides, there are some famous tourist    4    (site) in Xiamen. And the most beautiful scenic spot is Gulangyu Island. We can visit foreign architectures, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and     5    (tradition) museums there. Once we are in Xiamen, we can’t miss going to Gulangyu Island, or we won’t have     6     good time.

However, in recent years, Xiamen has become a lot     7    (much) modern than it used to be. Nowadays, more and more skyscrapers and shopping malls     8    (build), which make Xiamen a wonderful city for sightseeing and shopping. So I     9    (eager) wish to spend my summer holiday there next time.

Next year if I have enough time and money, I plan     10    (have) a nice sightseeing tour in Xiamen with my close friends. I hope we can spend the happiest time together there.

10 . On a sunny afternoon in Dania Beach, a dozen scientist’s unloaded containers full of corals from a dive boat. They gently removed each piece from large tanks on the deck and placed them inside smaller containers, which were slowly taken onshore.

The operation is part of what scientists describe as a “Noah’s Ark(诺亚方舟)” mission to save corals from extinction as a mysterious disease damages mile after mile of the Florida Reef Tract. Since first being spotted in 2014, the disease has killed colonies already weakened by impacts from climate change, including frequent rounds of bleaching(漂泊).

During one trip, researchers spent six days diving in the Lower Keys to collect corals that haven’t yet been touched by a certain disease. Their mission, as the “Ark” reference suggests, is to preserve healthy examples of species that can be raised in labs, then later transplanted back to the barrier reef that parallels much of the Southeast Florida coastline.

“It’s a tough effort, but we need to do everything we can to help corals survive,” said Richard Dodge from Nova South eastern University’s [(NSU)] Halmos College, as he watched university staff and volunteers place the 341 corals in holding tanks on the university dock across from Port Everglades.

NSU is one of seven research facilities that will act as temporary hosts for samples collected for what is formally known as the Coral Rescue Collection Plan, part of an ambitious program led by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. NSU researchers will collect data on the species, then send them to other universities and zoos across the country, where they will be used to grow new colonies—seed stock for potential restoration efforts in the future.

1. What’s the best title for the passage?

A．Noah’s Ark mission	B．Corals are endangering
C．Corals are put in containers	D．Fight to preserve the corals

2. Why was a mysterious disease mentioned?

A．To emphasize it was very serious to corals.

B．To show few cared about its existence.

C．To appeal for international cooperation.

D．To state it was involved with climate change.

3. Why did researchers spend six days in the Lower Keys?

A．They conducted research on the spot.

B．They found it tough to collect corals.

C．They collected healthy corals.

D．They desired to get close to corals.

4. In which column does the passage appear in a paper?

A．Culture.

B．Economy.

C．Entertainment.

D．Environment.