Located near a wide stretch of cornfields in Xinjia Village is a museum focusing on Mahu Opera, a traditional art of the Manchu ethnic group in Northeast China. Developed on a site
Besides cultural artifacts related to Mahu Opera, other old objects in the museum
Shuangyang District,
The Mahu Opera and the sika deer museum are among the
While modernizing its rural regions, China is also seeking solutions
1. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A.Neighbors. | B.Teacher and student. | C.Fellow charity members. |
A.People wasted electricity. |
B.Many items were thrown away. |
C.No used market events were held. |
A.Teaching lessons to families. |
B.Building parks in his city. |
C.Cleaning public spaces. |
A.Donate some money. |
B.Allow him to use her place. |
C.Tell others about his event. |
It so happened that one morning I bought a newspaper and read the advertisement about an expedition to the South Pole with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton—this was the adventure that I had been dreaming of. Overjoyed, I applied to join the expedition, only to be turned down by Shackleton. But I was so enthusiastic that I secretly went aboard his ship and hid in a small cupboard. Unfortunately, three days later I was discovered. Since Shackleton did not want to turn back, he offered me a job and assigned me to be a steward serving meals for twenty-eight men.
The journey had not been easy. Approaching Antarctica, we got stuck in the ice and saw the ship get crushed by the ice. When the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. Before we abandoned the ship, Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies. We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings, and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold. We had to camp on the ice of Elephant Island and managed to survive. But spring was coming, and the ice would soon begin to melt.
We had been struggling for days, but things on Elephant Island were going from bad to worse. We had to be crowded together under one of our boats on the rocky shore of this miserable place. It was cold and windy, and the island had no plants. Sometimes we were only able to catch a seal or a penguin to eat. Otherwise, there was no food. Soon after we arrived, Shackleton left us to find help on South Georgia Island, 1,320 kilometres away—the voyage was too dangerous and difficult for all of us to make it in our small boats. If Shackleton failed, we wouldn’t have any hope of rescue as no one else knew that we were here. We watched worried and hopefully as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island.
注意:1. 续写词数应为150个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Now we had to face the adversity without Shackleton.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________It was four months later that rescuers finally arrived.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________As the world witnesses more and more extreme weather patterns, it is becoming
The term “cli-fi”
Just
The genre is quite welcome among college students because it usually looks at topics that is relevant
5 . Part of the reason American shoppers are so attracted to wholesale shopping is their belief that it not only prevents waste but can save time and money, providing more value for the dollar. However, recent research suggests that the opposite may be true.
Victoria Ligon, an expert on consumer sciences, studied food purchasing habits of consumers and found that people tended to buy too much food and waste more of it than they realized. “The problem is that people are not shopping frequently enough,” Ligon said, “People are very price sensitive at the grocery store, but tend to fail to notice the cost of unused and wasted food at home.”
A common practice is to visit different stores for different items on a grocery list, “But people tend to overbuy at each of the places,” Ligon said. “People are not planning for the next day, but planning for the next week or two.”
“In theory, planning a week or more in advance sounds ideal. But given the reality of many people’s lives, this is challenging to do well,” Ligon said. “All of our food promotions are designed to get people to buy more. We believe it’s cheaper if we buy more now, but we rarely take into account how much we throw out in the end.”
Ligon noted shifts in the grocery industry that appear promising to help customers reduce food waste. Examples include cost-effective delivery services such as Amazon Fresh and Google Express, which allow consumers to purchase food items when they want to consume them, also reducing their need to frequent so many different stores. However, the study resulted in another troubling finding: The majority of people involved in the study had no idea that they were buying too much and wasting so much.
“When you read advice about reducing waste, it usually centers on what people do after the food is purchased,” Ligon said. “But more importantly, shop on a more frequent basis, so that you are only buying what you are going to consume in the short term.”
1. What do people often ignore when buying food in large quantities?A.How good the food is. | B.How much will be wasted. |
C.How much the food costs. | D.How often they should shop. |
A.It is worth trying. | B.It is not practical. |
C.It takes great effort. | D.It is not good for health. |
A.Food prices are lowered. | B.Food waste is prevented. |
C.Food consumption is reduced. | D.Food purchasing can be done at home. |
A.Shop More, Buy Less | B.Shop Wisely, Eat Wisely |
C.Consume More, Waste Less | D.The More You Shop, the More You Waste |
6 . To produce the classic clothing, blue jeans, producers rely on indigo dye (靛蓝染料), the only molecule known to provide jeans’ unique, beloved color. While indigo itself naturally comes from a plant, growing demand for blue jeans throughout the 20th century gave rise to synthetic (合成的) indigo, which is now more commonly used.
Indigo is the dye that makes jeans blue, but it doesn’t mix with water. To dye clothes, usually, chemicals are needed to make the color stick to the cloth. But in Denmark, scientists have created a new way to dye clothes using an enzyme (酶), which is a kind of protein that can cause chemical reactions, instead of harmful chemicals. This new method is better for the environment and doesn’t use poisonous stuff.
The chemical process for dyeing blue jeans has persisted for the last century. Workers are exposed to the poisonous chemicals, which also pollute the environment near factories. Waste water from those factories often ends up in waterways, decimating local ecosystems and even dyeing rivers blue.
Ditte Hededam Welner, the study’s lead researcher, says their new enzyme works really well and is strong enough for making lots of jeans without breaking down. This enzyme makes dyeing with indican, which is like indigo, much less harmful to the planet — about 92% better than the old way.
However, the new method doesn’t fix all the environmental problems of making jeans. Making a single pair of jeans uses a lot of water — enough to fill many bathtubs — from growing the cotton to putting the final touches on the jeans.
Even though the new dyeing process is better for the environment, it’s not always easy or cheap to change to it. Welner’s team isn’t sure if jeans companies will find it easy or affordable to switch to this method. It costs a little bit more — just seven cents extra per pair of jeans — to use the enzyme for dyeing. But Welner believes it’s worth it because it’s much better for the environment.
1. Why was synthetic indigo created in the 20th century?A.It made jeans’ color unique. | B.It was easy to dye cloth with it. |
C.People liked jeans made from it. | D.People were in greater need of jeans. |
A.Troubling. | B.Entering. | C.Destroying. | D.Defeating. |
A.The colour is more beautiful than the synthetic indigo. |
B.The market can keep stable goods supplies. |
C.Enzyme facilitates the advance of science. |
D.The dye is more environmentally friendly. |
A.Production costs. | B.Environmental benefits. |
C.Water consumption. | D.Laborer shortage. |
7 . Mutual cooperation in which humans cooperate with wild animals is extremely rare. One such system involves the greater honeyguide, a small African bird that leads humans to sources of honey. Once a nest is found, the human honey hunters break into it to obtain honey and bee worms, and the birds benefit from consuming beeswax in the now-exposed honey comb. Both the birds and the humans use specialized sounds to communicate their availability to participate in this cooperative interaction.
The two areas studied by Spottiswoode and Wood are northern Mozambique, where the honey hunters are from the Yao cultural group, and northern Tanzania, where the honey hunters are from the Hadza culture. The Yao communicate with honeyguides using a short and high-pitched sound followed by a low sound “brrrrhm”, whereas the Hadza use a melodic whistle. Thus, signal and response both vary geographically.
Spotiswoode and Wood propose that the geographic variation they have identified in this mutualism is the product of cultural codevelopment. To qualify as cultural, the cooperative behaviors would have to be acquired through social learning from individuals of the same species. Social learning, however, is less of a given on the honeyguide side. Instead, what is required of honeyguides is another form of vocal learning—comprehension learning—in which the meaning of a signal is learned. Comprehension learning is common in birds. Whether social learning is involved, however, is not so obvious.
Honeyguides put in considerable effort helping their human partners find food and are faithfully rewarded by being given food in return. In some human cultures, honey hunters purposefully leave out honeycomb to reward honeyeaters, but in others the hunters go, to great length to deny the birds any reward, by collecting, burying, or burning any honeycomb exposed when they destroy a nest. The reason given for these act s is that keeping the birds hungry causes them to continue guiding.
A promising question for future research is whether geographic differences in human cultural preferences for rewarding or not rewarding honeyguides affect the preferences of individual birds for guiding versus taking advantage of the guiding of others.
1. What is the purpose of mentioning the two areas in Paragraph 2?A.To prove that honey hunting is very popular in their culture. |
B.To explain that birds can understand various human cultures. |
C.To illustrate the differences between the Yao and the Hadza. |
D.To show that communication methods differ in geography. |
A.To let them realize human’s power. | B.To make them keep providing help. |
C.To cause them to burn honeycomb. | D.To use the honeycomb themselves. |
A.Honeyguides have already had strong skills of social learning. |
B.Honeyguides have a genetic tendency to guide humans for honey. |
C.Humans and honeyguides have a mutually beneficial relationship. |
D.Human honey hunters will lose their jobs without honeyguides. |
A.The impact of human cultural preferences on honeyguide behavior. |
B.The further study on the cultural differences in human preferences. |
C.The ecologically rewarding consequences of honeyguide behavior. |
D.The influence of honeyguide behavior on human cultural practices. |
8 . A new study has found the amount of antibiotics (抗生素) given to farm animals is expected to increase by two-thirds over the next 15 years. Researchers are linking the growing dependence on the drugs to the increasing need for meat, milk and eggs. However, the drugs could quicken the development of antibiotic-resistant infections (感染). Such infections are already a major public health concern in the United States.
The World Health Organization notes that when people stop living in poverty (贫困), the first thing they want to do is eat better, rather than earn more money. For most people, that means their diet should contain more meat. With the rapid development of Asia, people there are eating nearly four times as much meat, milk and other milk products as they did 50 years ago.
To meet the need, farmers have put many animals into smaller spaces. As the animals are crowded together, the easiest way to deal with some of the problems of crowding is to give them antibiotics. It’s clear that antibiotics help animals stay healthy in a crowded environment and grow faster. But bacteria can develop resistance to the drugs gradually.
Nowadays, doctors find antibiotics that once worked against the infections no longer work. The bacteria have learned ways to fight against the drugs. The heavy use of antibiotics in animals is responsible for the growth of antibiotic resistance worldwide. In the United States, at least two million people get drug-resistant infections each year and at least 23,000 die from an infection.
Europe has banned the use of antibiotics to increase animal growth. And the United States is hoping to persuade farmers to stop using antibiotics for that purpose.
1. What accounts for the increasing amount of antibiotics given to farm animals?A.The desire for new drugs. | B.The less effective antibiotics. |
C.The outdated farm technology. | D.The need for more various foods. |
A.Make a lot of money. | B.Focus more on health. |
C.Have more meat in their diet. | D.Live in a better environment. |
A.Antibiotics do harm to animals. |
B.Antibiotics make animals more nutritious. |
C.Antibiotics are used heavily in Europe. |
D.Antibiotic-resistant infections spread to people. |
A.A new way of raising farm animals. |
B.The advantages of using antibiotics. |
C.The reason for banning the use of antibiotics. |
D.The negative effects of the heavy use of antibiotics in farm animals. |
1. What does the speaker probably do?
A.A firefighter. | B.A plane designer. | C.A news reporter. |
A.From a river. | B.From a lake. | C.From the Fire Center. |
A.It’s time-wasting. | B.It’s easy. | C.It’s risky. |
A.It has been put out. | B.It lasted 20 hours. | C.It is still spreading. |
10 . Every order of takeout comes with a side of single-use plastics and each plastic fork. knife, spoon and straw-whether or not you wanted it or used it-ends up in the trash.
New research found that 139 million metric tons of single-use plastic waste was generated in 2021-six million metric tons more single-use plastics compared to 2019. A hunger for takeout meals during the pandemic contributed to the surge.
An estimated 60% of Americans order takeout or delivery at least once a week and online ordering is growing 300% faster than in-house dining; that means millions of single-use plastic utensils (餐具) are going out with every order.
New laws aim to address the problem. Some of the recent bills are thanks to The National Reuse Network, part of the environmental nonprofit Upstream, which launched a national Skip the Stuff campaign to work out policies that require restaurants to include single-use plastic utensils, straws, and napkins only when customers request them.
The bills also require meal delivery and online apps like Uber Eats, GrubHub and Door Dash to add single-use extras to their menus; customers can choose the items and quantities to have them included in the order. Customers that don’t order the single-use plastics won’t receive them. The goal of the bills is to reduce the 40 billion plastic utensils sent to the landfill (垃圾填埋场) every year.
“Most of the time, people are taking food home or to their offices where there are reusable utensils so these utensils wind up in a drawer or get thrown out,” says Alexis Goldsmith, national organizing director for a nationwide project Beyond Plastics. “Some people do need utensils, but for the most part, they’re not needed.”
To date, Skip the Stuff bills have been passed in several cities, including Denver, Washington, D.C. and Chicago, California and Washington state passed statewide bills that make single-use plastic “accessories” available with takeout orders only upon request.
Organizations like Upstream, Beyond plastics and NRDC have created toolkits to help additional communities launch their own Skip the Stuff campaigns.
1. What does the underlined word “surge” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A.Great desire. | B.Sharp decline. | C.Rapid increase. | D.Obvious panic. |
A.Choosing green products. | B.Adding single-use napkins. |
C.Recycling and reusing utensils. | D.Providing utensils only on request. |
A.To reduce plastic waste. | B.To stop bad eating habits. |
C.To encourage people to eat out. | D.To better the dining environment. |
A.Unimportant. | B.Damaging. | C.Much-needed. | D.Well-known. |