1 . Did you buy too much bread before heading out for a holiday? Did you give up the vegetables that are going bad?
In an effort to help eco-conscious consumers, a Geneva nonprofit is speeding up its plan of street-side, free-access public refrigerators that restaurateurs, at-home cooks and others can use to give away food that’s about to go bad. It’s part of a bigger effort by communities in Switzerland and other European countries to do their part for the environment while helping to cut down on food waste.
The nonprofit Free-Go has placed refrigerators and shelves in Geneva where passersby can get fruit, vegetables, bread and other perishables(易变质食品) to take home for free.The program costs about $40,000 to run each year and enjoys the support from the city government. It began a year ago with a single fridge outside a community center in western Geneva and it now has four fridges, strategically placed around town. A fifth one is planned before year’s end.
Free-Go is experimenting with scheduled pickups at apartment buildings to make it easier for residents(居民) to participate in the program. It has also set up a“hotline”that restaurateurs can use to call for the collection of unused food. Free-Go says giver s of food from the private sector, such as restaurants, must make a promise to ensure the given food is safe to eat.
Free-Go says about 1 billion tons of food go to waste every year around the world—using up energy and other resources in the farming and transportation process. Similar food-sharing activities are in place in the capital, Bern, after the idea was imported from Germany.
According to Foodsharing.de, a community group in Germany that started more than a decade ago, more than a half-million people in Germany, Switzerland and Austria have made “the food-sharing initiative an international movement”and have helped save 83 million tons of food from going to waste.
1. How did the Free-Go program start in the beginning?| A．With two fridges in a local supermarket. |
| B．With a single fridge outside in western Geneva. |
| C．With three fridges distributed in various parks. |
| D．With a large storage facility in central Geneva. |
| A．To promote local restaurants. |
| B．To provide refrigeration services. |
| C．To establish a hotline for food collection. |
| D．To reduce food waste and help the environment. |
| A．To report refrigerators in bad condition. |
| B．For residents to schedule food pickups. |
| C．To provide information about safe food handling. |
| D．For restaurateurs to call for the collection of unused food. |
| A．Critical. | B．Negative. | C．Positive. | D．Indifferent. |
Earthquakes Around the Pacific
About 400 earthquakes occur worldwide every day, more than a hundred thousand in a year.
China
The California Earthquake of the 18th of April 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It took place at 5:15 am,
Fires caused by the California Earthquake
1. 活动的理由及目的；
2. 学生的具体做法；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear fellow students,
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The Student Union
1.时间和地点；
2.逃生技能；
3.活动效果。
注意
1.词数100左右
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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1. 有些动物濒临灭绝；
2. 动物保护的重要性；
3. 保护动物的措施。
注意：1.词数80词左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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6 . The milk carton, made from layers of paperboard and plastic first, appeared in 1952 and soon replaced glass bottles. They were far lighter, could be piled and distributed more easily, and more significantly, they were found to have 78 percent less of an impact on the climate than glass bottles. The Tetra Pak cartons, with a layer of aluminum foil(铝箔) that allowed heat –treated milk to remain fresh, followed in 1961.
However, every technology has drawbacks and those of plastics are becoming painfully obvious. Landfills are stuffed with bottles and cartons, and trillions of pieces of plastic float in the world's oceans.
Carton makers are far from the only contributions to the ballooning volumes of packaging waste. In some ways, they're encouraging recycling. However, it is not universal even in Europe, only 47 percent of materials from the 37 billion cartons, made for European countries in 2016 were recycled.
Cartons are also stuck in a broader paradox(悖论): as economy advances, people tend not only to recycle more but also to consume more. Croatia’s overall recycling rate for packaging in 2016 was 55 percent, compared with Germany’s 71 percent, but the average German produced four times as much packaging waste as the average Croatian.
In theory, cartons are fairly recyclable. When pulped （打成浆） in liquid, their various layers are separated into paper, plastic and metal. All of them can then be turned to other uses. In practice, recycling is currently unfeasible for cartoons, because a cotton is carefully bonded and constructed often with a plastic lid and a straw fixed to the side.
This means carton makers need to do more to make their products not only useful but also sustainable. This involves stronger links with recycling factories and waste companies to ensure that containers they pump into the world are returned and reused. In the long term, they face a huge technological challenge to get to what Tetra Pak says is its ultimate aim -- to construct cartons entirely out of renewable materials.
1. What's the purpose of Paragraph 1?| A．To provide examples. | B．To introduce the topic. |
| C．To make comparisons. | D．To present the argument. |
| A．Their materials are not recyclable. |
| B．Carton makers lack environmental awareness. |
| C．There are no recycling regulations in the world. |
| D．Consumption increases as recycling rate rises. |
| A．Urgent. | B．Expensive. |
| C．Impracticable. | D．Unimaginable |
| A．To come up with new ways to reuse plastic |
| B．To make their products, the market leader. |
| C．To set up a new standard for the materials |
| D．To seek cooperation with recycling and waste companies. |
1. 自然灾害造成的损失惨重；
2. 我们应该掌握有关自然灾害的知识并做好充分准备；当自然灾害来临时，要坚定信念，并团结一致，保持镇静，努力自救和帮助他人。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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8 . At the age of seven, while his friends were spending their allowances on things like candy and toys, Jose Adolfo Quisocola was busy saving money for basic purchases. To try to get his peers（同 龄 人 ） to do the same, the boy from Peru came up with the idea of an eco-bank, the Bartselana
Student Bank, which allows kids of all ages to become financially independent while also helping the environment.
Set up in 2012, the bank is the world’s first bank for kids. To become a member, a kid has to bring in at least 5 kilograms of solid waste and set a savings goal. Once accepted, all bank “partners” are required to deposit at least one additional kilogram of recyclables on a monthly basis and observe other requirements, such as attending financial education and environmental management workshops.
The waste accumulated is sold to local recycling companies, who, thanks to Jose’s efforts, pay a higher-than-market rate for everything brought in by the bank members. The money received is placed in the personal account where they collect until the savings goal is reached. The account holder can then withdraw the money, or choose to leave it and continue to grow for a bigger target. “At the beginning, my teachers thought I was crazy or that a child could not undertake this type of project,” Jose recalls, “They did not understand that we are not the future of the country but its present. Luckily, I had the support of the school headmaster and an assistant in my class.”
The boy’s efforts paid off, and by 2013, the bank had over 200 members, who brought in one ton of recyclable waste. Today, the eco-bank, which now has the support of several local institutions, boasts ten educational centers. They are designed to teach the over 3,000 students, aged 10 to 18 , to become financially independent, use their money wisely, and help the environment.
Not surprisingly, Jose’s efforts have earned him several national and international awards. On November 20, 2018, Jose won Children’s Climate Prize, which comes with a medal and $5,500 in prize money and is given to a child or youth who has accomplished an extraordinary achievement for the climate or environment.
1. Why did Jose set up the bank?| A．To raise money and set up a recycling company. |
| B．To buy necessities and donate them to needy kids. |
| C．To save much money and protect the environment. |
| D．To educate the students and help them win prizes. |
| A．By donating to the eco-bank. |
| B．By turning in one kilogram of waste in a month. |
| C．By sending in an application. |
| D．By presenting a goal and a certain amount of waste. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Excited. |
| C．Moved. | D．Worried. |
| A．How the environment is improved. | B．What the project has achieved. |
| C．How tons of waste has been recycled. | D．What support the local institutions get. |
9 . In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park.
The idea of using seaweed to make eco-friendly water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down, though they would be perfectly safe to eat. Ari Jonsson's bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.
The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future. Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world, It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.
Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment, this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not experiment and create your own recipes?
1. Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?| A．To make people's life more convenient. |
| B．To show off their inventive talents. |
| C．To change the way we picnic outside. |
| D．To reduce the amount of plastic waste. |
| A．They can be made at home. |
| B．They are cheap to produce and buy. |
| C．They will hold their shape when they are filled. |
| D．They will break down themselves when empty. |
| A．They are convenient to carry. |
| B．They are safe to eat. |
| C．They can be used for a short time. |
| D．They are heavier than plastics. |
| A．Home-made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular. |
| B．Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future. |
| C．No recycling companies can break down plastic waste. |
| D．It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home. |
10 . A sand storm often takes place in the northern China,
Sand storms are another
