1 . Global warming is the increase of the earth’s average surface temperature due to the effect of greenhouse gases, for example, carbon dioxide, which trap heat that would otherwise escape from the earth. After the trees are cut down and more greenhouse gases are released, the “blanket” around the earth called the ozone layer (臭氧层), will get thicker. This catches more heat and makes the earth hotter. Luckily, there are many things that every citizen of the earth can do to help reduce the effects of global warming, and it’s never too late or too early for children to take action.

The children should learn what a carbon footprint is. A carbon footprint is the amount of carbon and greenhouse gases people make as they lead the daily life and go about the normal activities. In other words, the carbon footprint is a measure of the environmental impact (冲击) the life has. To live an environmentally friendly life that doesn’t contribute to global warming, people want to have the smallest carbon footprint possible.

Almost everything people do contributes to global warming and is related to fossil fuel consumption. These can be direct uses of fossil fuels, like riding in a gasoline-powered car, or indicrect contributions to greenhouse gases, such as eating fruits or vegetables that had to be shipped from far way to reach their tables.

If a child wants to make a contribution to reducing global warming, he should ride a bicycle to the near park, school, his friend’s house, or anywhere else instead of taking the car. Or he may try to walk or jog, which is also helpful. In addition, although trains and buses often run on fossil fuels, on average, each person uses less energy and produces less pollution to run. Next time if children with their parents have to get around town or it’s too far to walk or bike, take the bus or other public transportation instead of asking for a ride.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A．A brief description of carbon footprint

B．The serious water pollution.

C．The protection of ozone layer.

D．The causes of global warming

2. Which of the following can describe the carbon footprint?

A．Useless.	B．Expensive.
C．Helpful.	D．Attractive.

3. What can kids do if they want to help reduce global warming?

A．Go to the near park by bus.

B．Walk or cycle as much as possible.

C．Keep staying at home or school.

D．Go around the town with parents by car.

4. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．What Can People Do to Use Less Energy?

B．How Can Kids Help Reduce Global Warming?

C．How Does Carbon Footprints Measure Pollution?

D．Why Global Warming Affects Humans’ Life?

2 . This holiday season, holiday shoppers can for the first time send festive greetings that contribute to protecting rather than destroying our evergreen world. The beautiful e-card can be sent via TreeGreetings, available at http://www. TreeGreetings. com.

Each $8.95 TreeGreetings e-card comes with a virtual tour of the actual location where the gift tree will be planted along with a full-color, personalized planting certificate. The greetings feature musical slide shows with nature photography and inspirational messages.

“Our cards exemplify the spirit of holiday giving,” said Alan Shamir, founder and CEO of Your True Nature Inc., which markets TreeGreetings electronic products. “Our customers can give back to the Earth by contributing to reforestation while sharing holiday goodwill with friends and family.” TreeGreetings offers a full range of e-cards to celebrate any occasion including birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, new homes, congratulations, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day, and Father’s Day.

Individuals and organizations can easily send personalized TreeGreetings to their entire holiday lists at quantity-discounted rates, and distribution on a selected date can be scheduled days, weeks, or months in advance.

Gift trees are planted and cared for by well-established, reliable non-profit organizations including the internationally recognized Trees, Water & People, which has planted 1.2 million trees in Central America, and Plant-It 2020, a foundation created by singer John Denver in 1992.

After having received a Magnolia tree for his 11th birthday, Shamir gained a lifelong appreciation for the value and joy of receiving a living growing gift. He said, “My tree and I ‘grow up’ together! It has been such a valuable and important part of my life that I want to give others the experience of having a tree planted for their special occasions.”

1. What will happen if you buy a TreeGreetings e-card?

A．You will be presented with a gift.

B．You’ll receive a photograph with music.

C．You can determine the type of gift trees.

D．You’ll know where the tree will be planted.

2. What can we infer from Para. 3?

A．TreeGreetings e-card brings high profits.

B．TreeGreetings e-card does prove popular.

C．TreeGreetings e-card helps protect the Earth.

D．TreeGreetings e-card deserves to be stored.

3. What do we know about John Denver from the 5th paragraph?

A．He has a high fame worldwide.

B．He must be possessing a big farm.

C．He founded Plant-It 2020 himself.

D．He’s abandoned singing completely.

4. Why did the author mention Shamir’s 11th birthday?

A．To show it has a lasting influence on him.

B．To emphasize he didn’t get gifts ever before.

C．To call on people to value teenagers’ growth.

D．To collect data for his support for the project.

3 . More than one million single-use straws (吸管), most of them plastic, are used in the United States each day. They end up in waterways, harm sea animals, and break down into micro-plastics. Quantities of places have passed plastic-straw bans as a way to start handling the global plastic waste problem.

Straw materials: advantages and disadvantages

1. Metal

Made of stainless steel, aluminum, or even titanium, metal straws have become popular. They draw some criticism for having a metallic taste and conducting heat from a hot drink, but they’re strong and can be reused.

2. Paper

Paper drinking straws, which date from the late 1800s, often absorb liquid over time and can leave a taste or fibers in drinks. They’re the most popular throwaway choice in places with plastic-straw bans.

3. Glass

Though glass straws may be more breakable and thus less portable than reusable straws of other materials, they hold up well to washing and reuse. Some straws are made to look artistic, with colors and blown-glass designs.

4. Bamboo

This natural material can be sustainably produced and is a plant-based replacement of plastic straws. Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertilizer. They are reusable but can be hard to clean completely and may absorb flavors.

1. What is the major problem with plastic straws?

A．Function.	B．Flavor.
C．Weight.	D．Pollution.

2. Which of the following belongs to single-use straws?

A．Metal straw.	B．Paper straw.
C．Glass straw.	D．Bamboo straw.

3. What is the advantage of the bamboo straw?

A．It can become fertilizer.	B．It is easy to clean.
C．It is portable and bendable.	D．It has different designs.

4 . Some of the greatest problems we face today are the destruction (破坏)of our environment.Brown clouds, polluted water, endangered wild animals..., these problems seem so huge.

So my family does what we can. We take cloth bags to stores instead of using plastic bags. We walk where we don’t have to drive.

But does it do any good? When I am the only one in line at the market with cloth bags, am I doing any good? Does my walking to stores make any real difference to the world?

I recently learned something about flamingos(火烈鸟)which like to get together in groups of a thousand or more Every year when the time comes for migration (迁徙), a few of them first take off from the lake. But none of the others seem to notice, so the small group returns. However, the next day they try again. This time a few more fly along with them, but most of them still pay no attention, so they return again. They try for several times. Every time a few more birds join in but ,since the thousands of others still take no notice, the great migration plan is once more stopped.

Then one day something changes. The same small group of birds once again starts flying and a small number more join in just as before, then more. Finally, they all take flight and the migration really begins. What a spectacular sight it must be--thousands of flamingos taking off into the sky at once!

A few can make a difference. Even if you’re the one to take the first step, and continue trying,others will someday take notice and together we will solve even our greatest problems.

1. Where would you most probably read this passage?

A．A guidebook.	B．A movie poster.
C．An animal magazine.	D．A personal blog

2. Why does the writer use cloth bags in stores?

A．There are only cloth bags in stores.

B．All the people use cloth bags in stores.

C．He thinks plastic bags are more expensive.

D．He wants to do some good to the environment.

3. What does the underlined word “spectacular” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A．Disappointing.	B．Fantastic.
C．Terrible	D．Surprising

4. What's the writer's purpose of writing this article?

A．To show that the writer loves to see the migration of flamingos.

B．To tell readers to continue trying and it can make a difference.

C．To introduce a special kind of flamingo to readers.

D．To show that there' re many problems in the world.

5 . 阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。

Mama and I spend mornings cleaning up the dirt that blows into our house. Mama says all   the dust is due to the drought, not only here in the Oklahoma panhandle(狭长地带) but all over the Great Plains.

The dirt sifts into everything. It covers our clothes. We have to wash the dishes before each meal. It also slips into the automobiles horn (喇叭). Although Papa has fixed it, he fears the dust from the road will ruin the motor, So, we have to walk to school.

On the way to school, my sister, Faye, and I wear kerchiefs over our mouths so we don' t breathe in the dirt On days when the air is so bad that they close the school, we stay home and help Mama put sheets over the windows. But the dirt always finds a way in .

Last Sunday, there was no dirt in the air, only bright spring sunshine and a clear blue sky. After church, Papa headed out to the field to check on the cattle while Mama started dinner. Faye and I played in the yard. The temperature suddenly dropped-it felt good. The heat had been building since dawn.

Then Mama shouted from the house, “Iris, you and Faye get inside. Be quick!”

I looked to the west and saw a huge black cloud of dust, like thick smoke pouring out from a chimney. All the birds flew away. “Faye, go with Mama!” I shouted, “I’ll warn Papa.”

Faye raced, toward the house. The storm hit so fast, I barely saw her climb the porch steps. Fine sand heaved against my face and in an instant the day turned into night. I stumbled over our bicycles left carelessly in the yard. I screamed for Papa, hoping my voice would lead him back.

The dirt and sand stung my skin like a thousand bees. I needed to get to shelter. Covering my face with one hand, I felt my way toward the automobile and I opened the door. Dirt flew in with me as I pulled the door closed. Papa was still out there! I needed to help him find the automobile. Worried as I was, I managed to calm myself down.

注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:

I was figuring out what to do when I caught sight of the switch for the front lights and the horn.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:

Suddenly Papa’s face appeared at the window.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

6 . An invention to tackle canal plastics pollution was one of the highlights of the recent Amsterdam International Water Week.

The instrument, named"the great Bubble barrier" is a bubble screen that will remove plastic trash from the canals and therefore prevent it from flowing through to the river IJ and the North Sea.

“This is a very important step in reducing the amount of plastic in the oceans,”co-inventor Philip Ehrhorn said “It is a lot easier to stop it at an earlier stage instead of in the ocean.”

The tool works as follows. By pumping air through a tube with holes in it, which is located on the bottom of a waterway, a bubble barrier appears. This creates an upward thrust, which brings waste to the surface of the water.

By placing it diagonally in the waterway, the barrier uses the natural current to guide the plastic to the catchment system at the riverside. Both ships and fish can pass through the Bubble Barrier, but plastic will be stopped.

The invention's origins go back around four years, when Dutch students Saskia Studer, Anne Marieke Eveleens and Francis Zoet looked at the bubbles of a beer glass in a bar and thought they should do something similar. Ehrhorn, a German student, had the same idea. After he found out about the plans of the three Dutch women, they decided to join forces in Amsterdam.

“It is the first step of many”, Ehrhorn continued on the project. “First, the different rivers and canals in the Netherlands-cities, industrial areas, ports. In the following years ,we will go to the rest of Europe, Asia and elsewhere.”

“We have learned to live with water and have built a thriving society.”Nijhof said.

1. What's a bubble barrier?

A．A dam made of concrete.	B．An invention to trap plastic.
C．A canal to deal with waste.	D．A container to hold beer.

2. According to Philip Ehrhorn, which of the following is true?

A．The barrier is effective in a way.

B．It's easy to deal with plastic.

C．This instrument can deal with all waste.

D．We can do nothing with sea waste.

3. Which paragraphs describe the barrier's working principle?

A．Paragraph 1&2.	B．Paragraph 2&3.
C．Paragraph 3&4.	D．Paragraph 4&5.

4. Which might be the best title of Paragraph 2&3 of the passage?

A．Plastic becomes easier to remove.

B．An action to remove the plastic.

C．An instrument will be invented.

D．A new invention to fight plastic pollution.

7 . Earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.

If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. But do remember: do it carefully.     1     So do it as follows: Drop to the ground. Get under an object (物体) that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your hand. If you’re in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.

    2     You can go to the park, playground or fields near your house. Don’t take shelter under a tree, streetlights, electric poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you     3    

If you are trapped in ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cell phone to call for help if possible. Don’t shout.     4     Tap (敲) on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.

Be prepared for aftershocks.     5     However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position (位置) after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.

A．Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.

B．Don’t move about or kick up dust.

C．They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.

D．If you’re outside, go to an open space.

E．Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building.

F．Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.

G．Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There     1     (be) no lights in sight but the night sky glowed (发出) a dusky yellow, because the Amazon was burning. The yellow flames engulfed (吞噬) trees     2     lit up the sky. During the day, the sunshine was blocked     3     thick smoke. So far, the fire     4     (put) out.

The government has recorded 72, 843 fires. The fire is just one of     5     (they) in the Amazon, the world’s     6     (large) rainforest and a fighter against climate change. According to Brazil’s space research agency INPE, the wildfire has decreased by 17 percent so far this year compared to the same period in 2018.

Environmental     7     (group)said the policies of the government encouraged deforestation (采伐森林) of the Amazon,    8     led to more fires. But the government posted a report and wanted     9     (argue) against that. The government claimed that non-governmental organizations     10     (angry) set fire to the forest after it cut their funding.

9 . At least 200 elephants have died in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe in the past two months due to a serious drought (干旱) in the country. National Parks and Wildlife Management Authority spokesman Tinashe Farawo told The Associated Press. Other animals, including giraffes, zebras , hippos and buffaloes are also dying due to the drought."The situation cannot improve until it rains, "Farawo said.

"Almost every animal is being affected," Farawo said. "Of course, elephants are easily noticed, but some bird species are seriously affected because they can only breed (繁殖) in certain tree heights and those trees are being knocked down by elephants."

"In a desperate attempt to locate food and water, animals have come in the park and nearby communities, threatening human populations as well. Thirty-three people have died because of these animals this year," the park said.

"Six hundred elephants and two lion prides will be moved to less crowded parks. A pack of wild dogs, 50 buffaloes, 40 giraffes and 2,000 impalas will also be relocated, " Farawo said.

"The animals have exceeded their ecological carrying capacity (生态承载力)," he added."If the populations go unchecked, the animals will threaten the very ecosystem they depend on for survival."

Typically, park leaders follow a policy of not intervening (干预) to help the animals , but the hard conditions have persuaded them otherwise. Fearing more deaths before the rainy season, they have started bringing in food to help the animals, which usually rely on natural vegetation.

"We used to say nature should take its course,"said wildlife officer Munyaradzi Dzoro."We are now forced to intervene. We are not sure when and how we will receive the rain. To avoid losing animals, we have to intervene to maintain population sizes.

In addition to a lack of food and water, muddy ponds have turned into death traps for the animals. Many have gotten stuck in the clay (泥土) while attempting to reach Long Pool, the park's largest watering hole, which has shrunk to 5% of its normal size, the Associated Press reports.

The drought has affected an estimated 11 million people, according to the World Food Program, which is planning large-scale food distribution.

1. Why are some bird species being affected?

A．They can't find enough food and water.

B．They lose many proper breeding places.

C．They are often killed by big land animals.

D．They become ill easily because of other animals' death.

2. What measure will be taken to improve the serious situation?

A．Building fences between the park and nearby communities.

B．Killing the animals which went into human communities.

C．Providing enough water for the animals in the park.

D．Moving some animals to less crowded places.

3. What did Farawo think is the basis for the survival of animals?

A．A healthy ecosystem.	B．A policy of not intervening.
C．Large populations of animals.	D．Limited ecological carrying capacity.

4. Muddy ponds have become deadly to the animals because_________.

A．their clay is very attractive	B．much of their water is gone
C．they have become much deeper	D．there is much food in their water

10 . Have you ever wondered how many cigarettes you're passively smoking while walking through the streets of a polluted, smog-infused((烟雾笼罩的)city?No?Well, a pair of digital developers just invented an app that will definitely and accurately answer that question.

Shit, I Smoke! was created by Brazilian-born designer Marcelo Coelho and Paris-born app developer Amaury Martiny in just a week, after they read a study that analyzed air pollution and its equivalent(等量)to cigarette smoking. The article, co-written by Richard Mueller, a MacArthur fellow and physics professor at the University of California, Berkeley, explains a mathematical model that compares smoking and tobacco-related deaths to levels of PM2.5, a microscopic particle(微粒)that is a dangerous, cancerous pollutant after burning.

The app shows that Parisians can effectively inhale(吸入) between three and six cigarettes per day, while a person in Delhi could be smoking up to 20 cigarettes-without even touching one--on a bad day. Other cities have worrying numbers, too (6. 5 cigarettes daily in Mexico City ).

“I was surprised to see that Buenos Aires and Sao Paulo have the best air quality in all Latin America,despite the fact that these are heavily populated cities,”said Coelho, who's originally from the latter, Brazil's largest city.

For both Coelho and Martiny, the app isn't only a useful tool to inform users about their city's air quality;it also makes this information more accessible and easier to understand. “These air-quality monitoring stations are just numbers, numbers that are very specific to professionals who work in environmental issues,” Martiny said. “So when you make this conversion(转换)to cigarettes, it makes it easier to understand what people are dealing with and the consequences air quality has in the daily lives.”

The developers' plan now is to keep working on and enriching the app's features. This will most likely include monthly average cigarette rates, and enabling users to get data from cities other than the one they're in.

1. What does the underlined part “that question” mean?

A．How severely a city's air is polluted.

B．How harmful it is to smoke in urban areas.

C．How many cigarettes one usually smokes daily.

D．How much harmful air you're taking in in urban areas.

2. According to Shit, I Smoke!, which city has the worst air quality?

A．Paris	B．Delhi.
C．Mexico City.	D．Sao Paulo.

3. Before Coelho used the app, he probably thought that__________.

A．Brazil might have good air

B．his hometown was a badly polluted city.

C．air pollution wasn't a problem in Latin America.

D．Buenos Aires had the best air quality in Latin America

4. In the opinion of Coelho and Martiny, what is the usage of the app?

A．Encouraging people to abandon the habit of smoking.

B．Recommending some best places for people to live in.

C．Helping people better know their everyday air quality.

D．Reminding people to do something good for the environment.