1 . Plastic is everywhere in our environment, especially in the ocean. Actually, a large amount of plastic waste is floating around the world’s oceans today, waiting to be eaten by some fish or oyster, and finally perhaps by one of us.
Because plastic wasn’t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere 9.2 billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than 6.9 billion tons have become waste. And of that waste, a surprising 6.3 billion tons never made it to a recycling bin. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean. In 2015, Jenna Jambeck, an engineering professor, caught everyone’s attention with a rough estimate: between 5.3 million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just come from coastal regions.
Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine (海洋的) animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics. We are closely related to oceans so the consequences of throwing plastic away may return to affect us some day.
“This isn’t a problem where we don’t know what the solution is,” says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist, “We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle.” It’s a matter of building the necessary systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.
1. What’s the function of the first paragraph?A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent. | B.To tell us what marine animals like eating. |
C.To call on us to protect marine animals. | D.To introduce the topic of the passage. |
A.By listing figures. | B.By giving examples. |
C.By analyzing reasons. | D.By making comparisons. |
A.results | B.functions | C.causes | D.aims |
A.Some people don’t know the solution of plastics waste. |
B.It’s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste. |
C.Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic. |
D.People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean. |
2 . Popularly known as the environmentalist and founder of the international tree-plant, Felix Finkbeiner is only 25 years old but he has been urgently at work for over a decade.
In 2006, Finkbeiner was asked to give a presentation on climate change in his class. Inspired by Nobel Prize winner Wangari Maathai, who led an effort to plant 30 million trees, Felix spoke about deforestation and its effect on the planet. At the end of his talk, he followed with his own fearless idea that a million trees should be planted in each country to fight climate change. He challenged his classmates to help him. One year later, the project named “Plant-for-the-Planet” was born. It wasn’t long before his fearless dream was realized.
When he was just 13, He was invited to speak at a United Nations conference and made the call for others to join him. “We cannot trust that adults alone will save our future, “he said in the speech. “We have to take our future in our own hands.”
Finkbeiner is now in his twenties, and Plant-for-the-Planet is an organization with around 70, 000 members. It works to teach people about climate change and to encourage the planting of more trees. Finkbeiner has taken over the United Nations’ Billion Tree Programme, planning to plant another trillion trees instead.
Finkbeiner continues to give talks on climate change to world leaders. “I don’t think we can give up on this generation of adults,” he says, “and wait 20 or 30 years for our generations to come to power. We don’t have that time. All we can do is to push present world leaders in the right direction.
1. Which of the following words can best describe Finkbeiner?A.Active and friendly. | B.Active and outgoing. |
C.Successful and funny. | D.Ambitious and strong-willed. |
A.It was set up in 2007. |
B.It has many thousands of members. |
C.Its aim is to plant one million trees. |
D.It teaches people about deforestation. |
A.Removal of forests. | B.Planting of forests. |
C.Advantages of forests. | D.Disadvantages of forests. |
A.If today’ young people have more power, they will make changes easily. |
B.Young people need to push those in power to make changes. |
C.Today’s world leaders set up a good example for young people to follow. |
D.Young people can stop getting the support from this generation of adults. |
3 . On November 7, Lewis Pugh completed a one-kilometer swim in the freezing waters of King Edward Cove, off South Georgia in Antarctica. He was wearing only his swimming glasses, cap and Speedos (速度计).
Pugh is an advocate (提倡者) for our oceans and seas, working to protect these ecosystems (生态系统) with their large diversity of sea life. When asked why he doesn’t wear a wetsuit, Lewis says, “I ask world leaders to do everything they can to protect our oceans. Sometimes the steps they need to take are difficult and unpopular. If I’m asking them to be courageous, I must also be. Swimming in a wetsuit would not send the right message.”
It took Pugh about 19 minutes to complete the one-kilometer swim in Antarctica where the water averaged about 1.6 degrees Celsius. He says that his body can only tolerate about 20 minutes in the freezing waters before it starts shutting down. As he swims, his body temperature steadily drops, which in turn causes his muscle control to drop, slowing him down. When he is done with his swim, his support team rushes him to a hot shower and it takes almost an hour for his body temperature to return to normal.
Doctors and Pugh warn that one must receive months of training to swim in such cold waters. Even expert swimmers who are unused to freezing water can drown within minutes because of the physical shock experienced by the body. Pugh says he trained for six months before this swim.
This is not the first time that Lewis has swum in dangerous conditions. In 2007, he swam one kilometer in the North Pole to draw attention to the melting Arctic ice due to the climate change. In 2015, he swam in the Bay of Whales in Antarctica’s Ross Sea as part of his successful campaign to help set up a sea life reserve (保护中心) there.
1. Why did Lewis Pugh swim without a wetsuit?A.To swim faster. | B.To show his bravery. |
C.To win public attention. | D.To protect the ecosystems. |
A.His body. | B.His muscle. |
C.His body temperature. | D.The water temperature. |
A.should be expert at swimming | B.should be ready to take on challenges |
C.must be trained professionally | D.must be used to long-distance swimming |
A.Tips for protecting oceans and seas | B.Lewis Pugh: achieving the impossible |
C.Tips for extreme swimming | D.Lewis Pugh: swimming for a cause |
4 . It used to be that a “green classroom” referred to the colour of paint on the wall. But today’s green classrooms are greener than that! New “green” classrooms help schools save money and provide clean environments where students learn better.
Many classrooms are going green by adding solar panels to their roofs. The solar panels collect energy from the sun and use it to power lights and computers. The panels help make green classrooms grid-neutral, which means the panels create at least as much electricity as the classrooms use. In addition, new lighting and air systems can be programmed to lower energy costs and water use.
Many new “green” classrooms are built by using recycled materials. Some even use pieces of material from blue jeans to insulate walls and roofs. The old-jean insulation cuts heat and air conditioning bills.
Green schools feature many other new ideas. Some classrooms are painted using special odor-free paints that help improve indoor air. Some use no glues that add chemical smells to the air. Others use triple-pane windows and skylights to help keep classrooms warm in cold weather and let in lots of natural daylight.
Experts say the benefits of building greener classrooms go beyond cost savings. Studies show that a healthful environment with good air quality can cut colds and flu by more than 50 percent. That means fewer sick days for students and teachers. Studies have shown that natural light and other green features improve student learning and test scores too.
1. What’s the typical feature of the present green classroom?A.Its paint is green. | B.It is environmentally friendly |
C.Its furniture is green. | D.It has many plants |
A.Material from jeans. | B.Solar panels. |
C.Triple-pane windows. | D.Lighting and air systems. |
A.save money | B.cost nothing | C.have no smell | D.have no colour |
A.Bettering air quality. | B.Getting natural light |
C.Curing flu and colds. | D.Improving test scores. |
5 . Many people have realized that air pollution can cause damage to people’s health.
How does pollution affect animals?
All animals, whatever their size, can be affected by pollution. Experts agree that pollution affects animals in the same way as it does humans.
Types of air pollution.
Acid Rain (酸雨)—When water drops in clouds combine with acidic air pollutants, the water turns acidic.
Global Warming—The planet is warming due to greenhouses gases, which include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor. These gases are released into the atmosphere from air pollution.
You can keep the pets in your home safe from air pollutants by keeping fresh air entering your room and purifying (净化) air with equipment. Unfortunately, this doesn’t protect wildlife, but it’s a step in the right direction to protect your beloved pet’s health. Besides, you should also use less energy, reuse and recycle as much as possible.
A.How to help protect animals? |
B.Useful equipment to protect wildlife. |
C.Air pollution is a major global concern. |
D.However, most don’t realize the pollution can affect animals. |
E.Global Warming impacts the health of both animals and humans. |
F.Once the water drops down, acid rain causes damage to the environment. |
G.The pollutants that animals breathe in can be collected in their tissues (组织) over time. |
A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important
7 . As Shanghai prepared to introduce mandatory(强制的) garbage sorting on July 1, games and toys that examined fun ways to spread information about the garbage sorting were to encourage younger people to take action.
A 15-second video of a game went on Chinese social media. In the video, players wearing VR(虚拟) headsets saw four different types of trash can in front of them, and had to throw different types of garbage into the right buckets(桶) to get points. Although it was not the only VR game in the place, visitors lined up around the booth to explore it because of the garbage-sorting theme.
“As a Shanghai, I am in great need of this game. Maybe I won’t need to check how to categorize(分类) each piece of garbage on my phone while going through all my garbage every day if I play this game more often, ” said ZhouZhou, a young Shanghai. But some social media users in Shanghai have complained about the difficulty of sorting different types of garbage.
Wu Xia, founder and CEO of VitrellaCore, the company that created the game, said the idea was to provide an interesting way of learning about garbage sorting. “It’s simple and easy to understand. People can practice sorting garbage without actually going through their trash, and it is a more effective method than using paper materials when training volunteers,” Wu said.
1. What is the purpose of the VR game?A.Just for fun. |
B.Teach students to sort garbage. |
C.Do exercise. |
D.Keep fit. |
A.It is too hard to sort garbage. |
B.There are too many people lining up. |
C.The VR game should be more interesting. |
D.There are more ways to use paper materials. |
A.successful | B.interesting | C.traditional | D.disappointing |
A.Young people like VR games more. |
B.Shanghai performs mandatory garbage sorting. |
C.Games were used to help young people sort garbage. |
D.Learning by playing VR games is practical for the young. |
8 . Earthquakes often happen suddenly without warning, and they can often cause damage, injuries and even deaths.
If you are outdoors:
Move away from buildings, streetlights, something dangerous and stay in the open.
If indoors:
Get communication and necessities ready:
It is also important to have necessary things on hand, such as water, food, medicine, a flashlight and so on.
A.Most earthquake-related injuries result from falling objects(物体) or walls. |
B.They help people to recognize what action to take during the earthquake and what planning to make before. |
C.Drop to the ground; take cover by getting under a strong table or other pieces of furniture. |
D.As far as safety is concerned, it is wise to know what to do during an earthquake and make enough preparations. |
E.Make sure that all the family members know the best place to hide themselves. |
F.If possible, take a class to learn what to take for a possible disaster. |
G.Making a communication for getting together after the disaster in case family members get separated from one another during an earthquake. |