2 . 语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are    1    (nature) gas or electric­powered stoves.

The World Health Organization warns that millions of people    2    (suffer) from indoor air pollution at present time, which results from the use of    3    (danger) fuels and cook­stoves in the home. WHO officials say nearly three billion people are    4    (able) to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking, heating and lighting. As a result, more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Most of the deaths are in    5    (develop) countries, such as India, China and Latin American countries.

WHO officials say opening a window or door    6    (let) out the harmful air will not correct the situation.     7    will only pollute the outdoors. Nigel Bruce,    8    is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool, says researchers are developing good cook­stoves and other equipment to burn fuels    9    a more efficient way. But, this is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use    10    (clean) fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances (用具).

3 . There is always something that happens in the world that everyone fears will happen to their town, city or country: natural disasters. The scariest part of it is that no one will ever see it coming. Though technology helps us prepare, but it never actually tells the people when it’s going to hit. It is always estimated but the result is never 100% accurate.

However, that is not the point of this article. Two different natural disasters in two different parts of the world have happened in the past few weeks. One was a major flood that has hit Louisiana in the United States. The other was an earthquake that hit Amatrice, Italy. However, there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies.

As for the flooding in Louisiana, it is reported that this disaster is the worst to hit the United States since Super-storm Sandy and it’ll cost at least $30 million. In only the first couple of weeks, 13 people had died. However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.

In Italy, however, it covered all media instantly. The earthquake in Italy happened on Tuesday morning. That same day, I was on Twitter and that was all that was over the news feed. Every other post was about the earthquake. Some would have the opinion that Amatrice, Italy was one of the most beautiful towns in that country. I got in deep sorrow because there were more people killed in this quake than the flooding. So far, they have a total of 73 dead and over one hundred missing.

I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Louisiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously. We are one world united and should be there for all of the people who are in need of help. We may not be able to accurately predict disasters but, we can surely lend a hand out for the needy.

1. What really concerns the author about the two natural disasters?

A．The death and the injured.

B．The media report.

C．The government’s responsibility.

D．Their economic loss.

2. Why did the author learn about the flood so late?

A．He didn’t care about the flood.

B．He felt nervous about the news.

C．The media didn’t cover it in time.

D．The flood frightened the author a lot.

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．Italy isn’t good at predicting the natural disasters.

B．All natural disasters should be covered equally.

C．The world should be united into one instantly.

D．America should help Italy predict natural disasters.

4. How is the text mainly developed?

A．By making a comparison.

B．By following the time order.

C．By listing some examples.

D．By analyzing the causes.

4 . Shinrin-yoku means “forest bathing”. Forest bathing doesn't mean you take a bath in the forest; rather, you simply go for a walk in the woods or a city park, where youslackenby using all your senses to experience nature.

Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health. In his bookShinrin-yoku: The Japanese Art of Forest Bathing.Miyazaki explains the techniques of forest bathing.

Miyazaki has an interesting theory about why shinrin-yoku is so effective. He points out that for more than 99.99% of the time, humans have lived in a natural environment. In fact, in 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities, and by 2016, this figure reached 54%. This is only going to get worse; officials predict that by 2050, 66% will live in cities.

This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment, he writes in the book, because “genes cannot change over just a few hundred years". The science behind the research studies he presents in the book makes a convincing case that forest bathing is an effective method for reducing stress in today's world.

Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of “parks” out of empty spaces. There're also more city gardens where people can grow vegetables. For kids, kitchen gardens in schools are becoming popular. As Miyazaki stresses, you don't have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever there're plants.

Better yet, he says, we can bring nature closer to where we spend most of our time. Miyazaki's research has shown that just increasing the amount of plants in a room can affect the relaxation benefits of the room. What's more, even when people simply look at flowers, their bodies relax and stress levels decrease.

1. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Behave.

B．Entertain.

C．Sleep.

D．Relax.

2. How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph?

A．By giving examples.	B．By listing figures.
C．By making remarks.	D．By presenting research findings.

3. Why does forest bathing work effectively according to Miyazaki?

A．Human genes can change easily.	B．Nature is part of the modern society.
C．Human body can integrate into nature.	D．People can always get excited in nature.

4. Which of the following will Miyazaki agree on forest bathing?

A．It is easy to operate.	B．It is meant for gardeners.
C．It is unaffordable in the city.	D．It is inconvenient to practice.

6 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

High on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau     1     (lie) China’s “water tower” Sanjiangyuan. It is home to the headwaters of China’s three rivers: the Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Lancang (Mekong) River. The three rivers     2     provide water for about half the population of China play an important role. However, human activities are putting this ecosystem     3     risk.

In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park in Qinghai province. The park,     4     (plan) to open in 2020, has increased the area’s green coverage and attracted more wildlife. The local government has also made great effort to improve biological diversity. The success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a     5     (green) future.

With Sanjiangyuan     6     (take) the lead, nine other regions in China     7     (choose) by a field conservation station to carry out projects over the past three years,     8     will form a national park system together. The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but     9     (it) realization is urgent. After all,     10     (build) an ecological civilization bears great importance in the development and progress of human civilization.

7 . Scientists are aksing: What is the best way to fight climate change? A new study says: Plant many trees; one trillion trees, maybe more. Swiss scientists say there is enough room for that many trees. In their report in the journal Science, they say there is enough space on the earth, which could cover nine million square kilometers, an area the size of the United States.

Trees take carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）out of the air, and in return, put oxygen back into the air. The study estimated that over a long period of time, the trees could take in almost 750 billion tons of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. That is about as much carbon as humans have put into the atmosphere in the past 25 years. What is so bad about carbon dioxide? The gas traps heat, causing temperatures to rise.

Much of the gain from planting trees will come quickly because trees remove more carbon from the air when they are younger, the researchers said. The place that has the best possibility for removing the most carbon is the tropics—the area close to the equator. This method would also have the lowest cost, says the study co-author Thomas Crowther, a climate change ecologist at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. This is by far, the cheapest and the most effective climate change solution, he said. The six nations with the most room for new trees are Russia, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil and China.

Before his study, Crowther thought that there were other more effective ways to fight climate change besides cutting emissions（排放）. For example, people could change their diets by no longer eating meat. But, he said, tree planting is far more effective because trees remove so much carbon dioxide from the air.

1. The second paragraph mainly tells us _____.

A．how people plant more trees

B．why people should plant more trees

C．when people should plant more trees

D．where people should plant more trees

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A．Trees can’t remove the carbon in the tropics.

B．Trees are less helpful when they are younger.

C．There is enough space to plant one trillion or more trees on the earth.

D．People can only plant trees in Russia, the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil and China.

3. What’s the best title of the passage?

A．More trees help fight climate change.

B．Carbon dioxide causes temperatures to rise.

C．Not eating meat is the best way to fight climate change.

D．Cutting emissions is the most effective way to fight climate change.

8 . In 2016, a team of Japanese scientists found bacteria capable of breaking down and “eating” one of the world’s most popular plastics-polyethylene terephthalate(PET). It was valued as a potential breakthrough at the time. But a new discovery came as a team of British scientists examined an enzyme(酶) produced by the Japanese bacteria to find out more about its structure. While operating the structure to better understand how it worked, they accidentally created the changed enzyme that’s even more efficient at breaking down plastic bottles.

The researchers are now working to further improve the enzyme so it can be used on an industrial scale. It’s possible that within the next few years there could be an industrially possible process for turning PET into other substances so it can be recycled.

The ability to scale up the process will be important. Plastic pollution is fast becoming one of the biggest environmental issues of our time. More than 1 million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute. Most of these bottles are made from PET，which can take up to1000 years to biodegrade(生物降解), and many are left in the oceans. Over half of global PET waste is not collected for recycling and only 7 percent of bottles are recycled into new bottles.

Some scientists say the breakthrough, though promising, is nowhere near enough to solve our pollution crisis. These enzymes are not abundantly present in nature. So you would need to produce the enzyme first, then add it to the PET plastic to degrade it.”This is likely to be a slow process. If you have gone through the trouble of collecting the PET waste, then there are clearly far better ways to recycle it or burn it for energy,” said Wim, head of the Industrial Biotechnology Center. He suggested the use of commercially available biodegradable bioplastics would still be a better bet.

1. What unexpected discovery did the British scientists make?

A．An effective way to deal with plastic waste.

B．A potential solution in collecting PET waste.

C．The way to understand the structure of enzyme better.

D．The real value of the discovery by Japanese scientists.

2. What does the underlined phrase “the process” in Paragraph 3 actually refer to?

A．The process to find the enzyme.

B．The process to make more plastics.

C．The process to reduce the PET waste.

D．The process to produce kind of new PET.

3. What is the problem about recycling the PET waste?

A．Large quantities of plastic bottles are used.

B．Ocean plastic waste is harder to biodegrade

C．Most of the PET waste is left without treatment.

D．Most of the plastic products are made from PET.

4. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?

A．The enzyme does not exist in nature.

B．The enzyme has helped to solve the plastic problems.

C．Burning plastic waste for energy is now the best way to rid it.

D．We have a long way to go to use the enzyme to recycle PET waste.

9 . Air pollution is a killer. The World Health Organization says it kills an estimated seven million people around the world each year.     1    ，it can make us very sick.

However，breathing dirty air may do more than hurt your body.    2     .A new study shows that air pollution can cause a“huge”reduction in our intelligence. The researchers reposed that long-time exposure to air pollution can affect a person’s mental abilities in two areas: language and mathematics.

    3    .Between 2010 and 2014，these Chinese men，women and children were given language and math tests. Then they compared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air，namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide，and found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person’s education level by about one year.

It has found that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age，for men and for those with little or no education.

    4     .And we find，quite interestingly，males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors，”one of researchers said.

He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old，while the oldest was 90.They came from 25 of China’S 33 provinces.    5    .

The researchers also noted that the effect of pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age，especially among men and the less educated.

A．Even if polluted air does not kill us

B．The elderly people are more affected

C．Therefore，some measures should be taken

D．Air pollution is one of the major problems of China

E．It can also affect your brain and your ability to think

F．The researchers studied about 25，000 people across China

G．This range of ages and locations provided a “good representative sample”

10 . Every day, Americans throw away 500 million plastic straws, enough to circle the Earth twice. They are almost never recycled, and simply contribute to the great problem of plastic pollution; eight million tons of plastic is dumped into the oceans every year.

Plastic straws are now the target of a growing movement to reduce their use. Possibly the first of such campaigns, Be Straw Free was started in 2011 by Milo Cress, who was only nine years old at the lime.

“I noticed that whenever I ordered a drink at a restaurant, it would usually come with a straw in it, and I don’ I usually need a straw,” he said. “This seemed like a huge waste. Straws are made of oil, a precious and finite resource. Is making single - use plastic straws, which will be used for a matter of minutes before being tossed away, really what we want to do with this resource?”

Cress started asking restaurants in Burlington, Vermont, where he lived at the time, to stop providing straws automatically to customer and make them optional instead. Many agreed and his request made ripples (涟漪) nationwide. The restaurants that make the switch report a reduction in the number of straws they use between 50 and 80%.

The anti - straw sentiment has crossed borders into the UK, where straws have been included in a government plan to ban ail plastic waste by 2042.

Last year large pub chain Wetherspoons announced that it would replace plastic straws with paper alternatives across 900 outlets. After the announcement, many smaller chains and pubs across the country followed suit. According to Wetherspoons CEO John Hutson, the move will save 70 million plastic straws a year and the reaction from patrons has been “very positive”.

Offering alternatives or making plastic straws optional, rather than banning them completely, is a common trait among these campaigns. “There are many other viable alternatives to single - use plastic drinking straws that are less harmful to the environment, wildlife and humans,” said Jackie Nunez, founder of The Last Plastic Straw.

1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A．Plastic straws are too costly to produce.

B．All plastic straws are dumped into the sea.

C．Plastic straws are too small to be recycled.

D．Plastic straws cause great pollution.

2. What did Milo Cress ask his local restaurants to do?

A．To make plastic straws optional.

B．To stop the use of plastic straws.

C．To charge the use of plastic straws.

D．To reject the request for plastic straws.

3. What is the Wetherspoons’ effort to reduce the use of plastic straws?

A．To ban the use of plastic straws.

B．To close some of its outlets.

C．To offer customers alternatives.

D．To seek the government’s support.

4. What is the Wetherspoons customers’ attitude towards the move?

A．Uncaring.	B．Favorable.
C．Ambiguous.	D．Disapproving.