文章大意：本文是说明文。主要介绍了四项在危险环境真好的基本求生技能。
1 . The Basic Survival Skills
Learning survival skills is an ongoing process(过程)that will last for your entire life. Because each situation has its particular requirements, there is always more to learn and experience. 1
Fire provides warmth, light, and comfort, and keeps away the creatures. But even those are not all. 2 Always have at least two ways of making a fire. With waterproof (防水的) matches, or a fire starter you should be able to create a fire anytime anywhere.
Shelter protects your body from heat, cold, rain, snow, the sun, and wind. It also protects you from insects and other creatures that seek to do you harm.Before you are in need of making a survival shelter, be sure to practice and experiment with a variety of materials and survival plans on a regular basis. Clothing is the first line of shelter protection. 3
Signaling allows you to get in touch with people who can rescue you without having to be close by. 4 These include using fire and smoke, flashlights, bright colored clothing and other markers, mirrors, and whistles.
5 Most injuries you may face in the wilderness are relatively minor cuts, burns and scrapes. Larger injuries need formal treatment, which means you will need outside help.
Learning survival skills is an ongoing process(过程)that will last for your entire life. Because each situation has its particular requirements, there is always more to learn and experience.
Fire
Fire provides warmth, light, and comfort, and keeps away the creatures. But even those are not all.
Shelter
Shelter protects your body from heat, cold, rain, snow, the sun, and wind. It also protects you from insects and other creatures that seek to do you harm.Before you are in need of making a survival shelter, be sure to practice and experiment with a variety of materials and survival plans on a regular basis. Clothing is the first line of shelter protection.
Signaling
Signaling allows you to get in touch with people who can rescue you without having to be close by.
First Aid
| A．Have the right clothes for the right environment. |
| B．There are a variety of ways to signal for help. |
| C．Lay out SOS from rocks, logs or colored clothing. |
| D．Always bring along your first aid box and a space blanket. |
| E．Fire and smoke can be used for signaling very long distances. |
| F．Panic is your number one enemy when you are in any emergency situation. |
| G．These 4 basic skills may put you on your way toward becoming a survivor. |
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2016-11-26更新
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186次组卷
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2卷引用：2015-2016学年山东枣庄八中南校区高一3月单元测英语卷
文章大意：本文是说明文。主要讲述了地球日在4月22日。人们对地球说：谢谢。并且学会如何保护地球安全、清洁的方法。但拯救地球不仅仅是成年人的事，孩子们也积极参与。同时短文列出了不同的孩子们去帮助保护环境的清洁的故事。所以说保护地球是大家的责任。
2 . Earth Day is on April 22nd. People say thanks to the Earth and learn ways to keep the Earth safe and clean. But saving the Earth is not just for grow-ups. Kids are also taking an active part in it.
The American writer and filmmaker Lynne made a film called Young Voices for the Planet. It lists a lot of stories about different kids who help to keep our environment clean.
Team Marine, USA group of students at Santa Monica High School started an organization called Team Marine. They tell people why plastic bags are bad for sea animals and environment. In 2011, they successfully made lawmakers (立法者) in their city stop people using plastic bags.
Felix, 15, Germany In 2007, a 9-year-old boy, Felix, started a club，Plant for the Planet. It encourages children around the world to plant trees in their own countries. Felix helped plant 25 million trees in Germany and 120 million trees worldwide.
Alec, 17, US When he was 12, Alec set up Kids VS Global (全球的) Warming. It teaches kids about weather change and ways to stop the world getting warmer and warmer. Alec travels widely to encourage people to help stop global warming. He has given more than 70 talks across the country.
Olivia, 13, US When Olivia was 11, she heard about the 2010 oil spill (漏油) in the Gulf of Mexico. She painted 500 pictures of birds to raise money for the clean-up. She raised more than $200,000 to protect (保护) birds and other wild animals.
1. What is the purpose of setting up the “Earth Day” and who can do something for the Earth?| A．To keep the earth peaceful and beautiful by adults and kids |
| B．To keep the earth balanced by adults only |
| C．To keep the earth safe and clean by adults and kids |
| D．To keep the earth safe and clean by kids only |
| A．a book | B．a TV play |
| C．a film | D．a club |
| A．Team Marine | B．Felix | C．Alec | D．Olivia |
| A．raise money |
| B．plant trees |
| C．protect wild animals |
| D．help stop global warming |
| A．kids are saving the Earth |
| B．parents are planting trees |
| C．students are raising money |
| D．grow-ups are using plastics bags |
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2016-11-26更新
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126次组卷
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3卷引用：2015届山东省滕州市南沙河中学学业水平第二次模拟英语试卷
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。作者开门见山提出urban heat island（城市热岛效应）这一术语，然后分两段来分析造成这种状况的原因，比如基础设施的兴建、树木的减少、在夏天空调制冷设备的使用等都会造成气温的升高。
3 . On warm summer days with little or no wind, the air temperature in cities can be up to ten degrees higher than that of the surrounding countryside. This is a phenomenon commonly referred to as the “urban heat island” effect.
This phenomenon happens when pavement, buildings, and other infrastructure (基础设施) replace natural land cover. Large amounts of paved and dark colored surfaces—such as roofs, roads, and parking lots—absorb, rather than reflect, the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient (周围的) air temperature to rise. Unlike soil, paved areas contribute to runoff, which means that as paved areas increase, the amount of water available for evaporation (蒸发) decreases. Moreover, urban areas have fewer trees and less natural vegetation which help to control the heat by providing shade and blocking solar radiation. The surfaces of leaves also provide water for evaporation which cools the air, further worsening the heat island effect.
In particular, during summer, more energy is required to cool the insides of building and for refrigeration, thereby creating additional heat output. This in turn leads to higher ambient air temperatures, which can also significantly increase the formation of urban smog in an area, degrading local air quality. Such a situation may directly affect public health with individuals more likely to suffer from heat exhaustion and the effects of asthma (哮喘).
1. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
2. Which of the following is not a cause of the urban heat island effect?
3. The underlined word “degrading” most probably means ________.
4. The passage is mainly developed by ________.
This phenomenon happens when pavement, buildings, and other infrastructure (基础设施) replace natural land cover. Large amounts of paved and dark colored surfaces—such as roofs, roads, and parking lots—absorb, rather than reflect, the sun’s heat, causing surface temperatures and overall ambient (周围的) air temperature to rise. Unlike soil, paved areas contribute to runoff, which means that as paved areas increase, the amount of water available for evaporation (蒸发) decreases. Moreover, urban areas have fewer trees and less natural vegetation which help to control the heat by providing shade and blocking solar radiation. The surfaces of leaves also provide water for evaporation which cools the air, further worsening the heat island effect.
In particular, during summer, more energy is required to cool the insides of building and for refrigeration, thereby creating additional heat output. This in turn leads to higher ambient air temperatures, which can also significantly increase the formation of urban smog in an area, degrading local air quality. Such a situation may directly affect public health with individuals more likely to suffer from heat exhaustion and the effects of asthma (哮喘).
1. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
| A．Due to dark colored roads, urban areas are becoming hotter each year |
| B．Dark colored surfaces reflect the sun’s heat, causing air temperatures to rise |
| C．Because urban surfaces absorb heat, air and surface temperatures increase |
| D．Rising ambient air temperatures lead to urban surfaces absorbing more heat |
| A．The lack of trees |
| B．The demand for refrigeration |
| C．The blocking of solar radiation |
| D．The construction of infrastructure. |
| A．ignoring | B．improving |
| C．highlighting | D．worsening |
| A．giving typical examples |
| B．following the time order |
| C．presenting the effect and analyzing the cause |
| D．analyzing a problem and seeking the solution |
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4 . London used to be “foggy”（有雾的） for the same reason that cities like Beijing or Chongqing are “foggy” today. The “fog” was in fact smog（烟雾）, a mixture of smoke and fog．In other words, it was made by air pollution. In London, some of this pollution came from factories, but much of it came from the coal（煤）that people burnt in their houses to keep warm during the winter. By the 1950s, London’s smog problem had become so bad that the government decided to do something to clean the air. A new law was made and nobody could burn coal in any British city. Within a few years, the air became much cleaner. There were no more “pea-soupers”.
Many Chinese cities now face the same sort of problem with air pollution that London faced 40 or 50 years ago. However, this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to solve. One reason is that more of the pollution comes from the factories, rather than from coal burnt in people’s houses. If these factories were closed, this would harm the economy and lots of people would lose their jobs. Another reason is that changing from coal to cleaner fuel（燃料）, like gas, is quite expensive.
However, the air in many Chinese cities is becoming cleaner and cleaner, as the government and people pay more and more attention to cutting down pollution. As a result, there are fewer “pea-soupers” in Beijing than there used to be.
1. What was the main reason for air pollution in London?
2. How did the air in London become much cleaner?
3. What does the underlined work “pea-soupers” refer to?
4. The problem of air pollution is more difficult for Chinese cities to solve because of _____reasons
5. Which sentence is Not true?
Many Chinese cities now face the same sort of problem with air pollution that London faced 40 or 50 years ago. However, this problem is more difficult for Chinese cities to solve. One reason is that more of the pollution comes from the factories, rather than from coal burnt in people’s houses. If these factories were closed, this would harm the economy and lots of people would lose their jobs. Another reason is that changing from coal to cleaner fuel（燃料）, like gas, is quite expensive.
However, the air in many Chinese cities is becoming cleaner and cleaner, as the government and people pay more and more attention to cutting down pollution. As a result, there are fewer “pea-soupers” in Beijing than there used to be.
1. What was the main reason for air pollution in London?
| A．There was too much smoke in the sky． |
| B．There were too many factories in the city． |
| C．People burnt too much coal in the houses． |
| A．There was not so much fog in the winter later． |
| B．A law was made to keep people from burning coal in their houses． |
| C．Many factories in the city were closed． |
| A．Smog. | B．Smoke. | C．Gas. |
| A．one | B．two | C．three |
| A．Using coal is much more expensive than using gas. |
| B．Factories made much more pollution in China. |
| C．The reasons of air pollution in London and Beijing are different. |
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5 . No Car Day was first started by 34 cities in France on September 22, 1998．It was started to protect the environment. By now, more than 1,000 cities around the world have had a No Car Day.
The first No Car Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001．Other cities, including Taipai, Shanghai and Wuhan, also support the day.
In Beijing, more and more people are joining the campaign（运动）. It asks drivers to leave their cars at home for one day each month and walk or ride a bike to work. It also calls on Beijingers not to use cars on June 5 （World Environment Day）. The slogan for the day is, “If we drive for one less day, we can have one more nice day.”
So far, more than 200,000 drivers have shown their support. “We can’t control the weather, but we can choose not to drive,” said Wu Zonghua, a car club chairman. Beijing is trying to have 238 blue sky days this year. In the first quarter of 2012, Beijing only had 52 blue sky days. This was 11 days less than the number for the same period the year before. Much of the dust（灰尘） comes from the desert, but cars cause most of the air pollution. We must do more for No Car Day.
1. The first No Car Day fell on _______.
2. _______ was the first city to have No Car Day in China.
3. What does the underlined word “slogan” in Paragraph 3 mean?
4. How many blue sky days did Beijing have in the first quarter of 2011?
5. Which of the following statements is True?
The first No Car Day in China was in Chengdu in 2001．Other cities, including Taipai, Shanghai and Wuhan, also support the day.
In Beijing, more and more people are joining the campaign（运动）. It asks drivers to leave their cars at home for one day each month and walk or ride a bike to work. It also calls on Beijingers not to use cars on June 5 （World Environment Day）. The slogan for the day is, “If we drive for one less day, we can have one more nice day.”
So far, more than 200,000 drivers have shown their support. “We can’t control the weather, but we can choose not to drive,” said Wu Zonghua, a car club chairman. Beijing is trying to have 238 blue sky days this year. In the first quarter of 2012, Beijing only had 52 blue sky days. This was 11 days less than the number for the same period the year before. Much of the dust（灰尘） comes from the desert, but cars cause most of the air pollution. We must do more for No Car Day.
1. The first No Car Day fell on _______.
| A．February 2nd | B．June 5th | C．September 22nd |
| A．Beijing | B．Chengdu | C．Shanghai |
| A．目的 | B．原因 | C．口号 |
| A．63． | B．52． | C．41． |
| A．China is the first country to start No Car Day. |
| B．Much of the dust in the air comes from cars. |
| C．No Car Day has been supported by over 1,000 cities around the world so far. |
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