1 . More than one million single-use straws (吸管), most of them plastic, are used in the United States each day. They end up in waterways, harm sea animals, and break down into micro-plastics. Quantities of places have passed plastic-straw bans as a way to start handling the global plastic waste problem.
Straw materials: advantages and disadvantages
1. Metal
Made of stainless steel, aluminum, or even titanium, metal straws have become popular. They draw some criticism for having a metallic taste and conducting heat from a hot drink, but they’re strong and can be reused.
2. Paper
Paper drinking straws, which date from the late 1800s, often absorb liquid over time and can leave a taste or fibers in drinks. They’re the most popular throwaway choice in places with plastic-straw bans.
3. Glass
Though glass straws may be more breakable and thus less portable than reusable straws of other materials, they hold up well to washing and reuse. Some straws are made to look artistic, with colors and blown-glass designs.
4. Bamboo
This natural material can be sustainably produced and is a plant-based replacement of plastic straws. Bamboo straws are easily disposed of and turned into fertilizer. They are reusable but can be hard to clean completely and may absorb flavors.
1. What is the major problem with plastic straws?A.Function. | B.Flavor. |
C.Weight. | D.Pollution. |
A.Metal straw. | B.Paper straw. |
C.Glass straw. | D.Bamboo straw. |
A.It can become fertilizer. | B.It is easy to clean. |
C.It is portable and bendable. | D.It has different designs. |
Located in Erdos, North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Kubuqi Desert is the
It was once known
Historically. Kubuqi was a rich city filled with water and grass. But due to climate change and over-exploitation from humans, the farmlands
Controlling desertification was the only way out for people still living in Kubuqi. With the first highway going through the desert
Over three decades, tree planting technology saw continuous
The 102,000 residents in the desert have enjoyed the benefits of managing desertification. Meng Keda,
3 . Satellites are already in use for so many purposes today — from weather forecasting to communications, GPS, and more. Since the late 1970s, satellites have also been used to monitor changes in the Arctic sea ice. Data suggests that sea ice is thinning over time due to climate change. Over the last forty years, the extent of Arctic ice cover has been declining at a rate of 13%per decade. However, existing ways of measurement do not provide a clear and continuous picture of the state of sea ice.
This September, scientists developed a new method that combines computer modeling and satellite data to predict ice thickness all year round. Over the years, scientists have proposed several methods to measure ice thickness. These include flying planes over the Arctic Ocean or collecting field measurements.
Neither of these methods provides a full picture of Arctic melt, making year-long data collection difficult. Continuous data across the entire region from satellites is a great way for scientists to understand how climate change is playing out in the Arctic.
These satellites use special radar or laser-based altimeter instruments. Sea ice thickness is then calculated as the difference between the height of the ice and the top of the water(ice level — sea level). This method works well during the winter months — September to May.
Unfortunately, satellite-based sea ice thickness measurements are inaccurate during the summer months: the time of the year with the greatest melting. This melting creates a pool of liquid water on the surface. As a result, the simple calculation (ice level — sea level) does not work as radar systems are unable to differentiate between ocean water and ice, thus rendering measurements inaccurate.
New research led by Jack Landy, a scientist, seeks to tackle this age-old issue. The team used machine learning and deep learning methods to distinguish between seawater and ice.
The researchers built a model of the radar system’s predicted data and cross-referenced these values to those collected by a satellite. This model allows the researchers to obtain accurate, year-round Arctic sea ice thickness data.
1. Why are satellite-based sea ice thickness measurements not accurate?A.The ice melts in summer months | B.The radar system doesn’t work in winter. |
C.The liquid water turns ice in cold days | D.The ocean water comes onto the ice surface. |
A.The changeable climate change | B.The incorrect ice measurements. |
C.The constantly flowing ocean water. | D.The great amount of melting ice. |
A.By using satellites to collect data. | B.By collecting field measurements |
C.By flying planes over the Arctic Ocean. | D.By using machine learning and deep learning methods. |
A.A new device to measure ocean water | B.A new stage for the application of satellites |
C.A new way to monitor Arctic sea ice changes | D.A new finding about the rising sea level |
4 . Dealing with water pollution is something that everyone needs to get involved with. Here are a few things you can do to help. You should never throw rubbish away.
Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap running when it is not in use.
Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints or medicines down the toilet. In many cities, your local environment office can help with the disposal (清除) of medicines and chemicals. And you should buy more environmentally-safe cleaning liquids for use at home and other public places. They are less dangerous to the environment.
There are also lots of organizations and groups that help educate people on the dangers of water pollution.
A.It is a great idea to join these groups |
B.Always look for the correct waste bin |
C.Use fewer chemicals to clean your home |
D.Also, you can reduce the amount of water in washing and bathing |
E.Check your local government's laws before you pour the dirty water |
F.Many governments have strict laws that help reduce water pollution |
G.If you use chemicals for your farms, be careful not to overuse pesticides(杀虫剂) |
1.活动目的;
2.活动过程(设计海报、听报告等);
3.活动意义。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
World Oceans Day
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濒危原因 | 比例 | 例子 |
物种自身发展不适被淘汰 | 10% | 大熊猫等 |
栖息地遭破坏 | 20% | 鱼类、鸟类等 |
人类乱捕滥猎 | 50% | 兽类、鸟类等 |
工农业生产污染环境 | 10% | 鸟类、鱼类等 |
自然灾害 | 10% | 1998年南方洪灾等 |
注意:1.词数 120—150
2. 文章的开头已给出,但不计入总词数。
Recently a survey about the reasons for the animals’ dying out has been carried by a wildlife protection organization.
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Most people associate the company Michelin with car tyres, guide books and stars for quality restaurants. However, the French tyre maker is now helping ships to be more environmentally friendly. The company has tested giant sails that it hopes will make shipping greener. Shipping
Michelin is using the ancient technology of sails to tackle the most urgent problem
8 . Everglades National Park is located in the state of Florida. It is the largest wilderness in the entire country and makes up 25% of the wetlands in the state. The Everglades is home to several rare and endangered species. It is also the third largest national park in the US, after Death Valley National Park and Yellowstone National Park. Each year, about 1 million tourists visit the park. On a global level, it has been announced as a World Heritage Site.
Unlike most other national parks, Everglades National Park was created to protect an ecosystem (生态系统) from being damaged. In 1947, President Harry Truman spoke at the official opening of Everglades National Park, saying the goal of creating the park was to protect forever a wild area that could never be replaced.
10,000 different islands make up Everglades National Park. There exists natural wildlife on each of these islands. The Everglades is home to about 30 species that are endangered. In addition, more than 350 bird species and 300 species of fresh and saltwater fish live within the park. The Everglades is also home to 40 species of mammals (哺乳动物).
There are many ways to explore the Everglades. Visitors can see alligators (短吻鳄) while hiking the Anhinga Trail. The Everglades is one of the few places on Earth where freshwater alligators and saltwater crocodiles live in the same area. Visitors using airboats are likely to see large groups of birds. Some visitors might enjoy riding bicycles through Shark Valley. Others may want to move slowly through the water where they can see insects and wildlife closely.
According to experts, changes to the Everglades are becoming a danger to several different kinds of wildlife. They say it is a result of actions the US government began more than 50 years ago, and settlers began even earlier.
1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?A.Florida is famous for its large wetlands. |
B.There are three important national parks in the US. |
C.Visitors think highly of Everglades National Park. |
D.Everglades National Park is very valuable. |
A.By giving examples. |
B.By listing figures. |
C.By giving a definition. |
D.By making a comparison. |
A.Visitors can explore the Everglades in many ways. |
B.Visitors are not allowed to stay in the water in the park. |
C.President Harry Truman first suggested setting up the park. |
D.Everglades National Park is the largest national park in the US. |
A.How the endangered wildlife lost their lives. |
B.What settlers have done to save the wetlands. |
C.How the park’s environment was badly changed. |
D.What the government has done to protect the park. |
1. What’s getting less and less these days according to the talk?
A.Empty land. | B.Garbage. | C.Water. |
A.Burying it. |
B.Sending it out of our planet. |
C.Using it as an energy source. |
A.It is hardly ever done. |
B.It causes air pollution. |
C.It is useless for hard materials. |
10 . Denmark is only about half the size of South Carolina, but it produces more of its electricity from wind than any other country in the world. Denmark now gets 47%of its electricity from wind, and there will be more to come, thanks to a combination of history and policy.
Paul la Cour was a scientist and inventor who experimented with early wind power machines at the start of the 20th century. So it's not surprising that Denmark invested in building wind power the earliest. Since the 1970s,Denmark has been investing in wind energy all over the country. In the 1980s,due to a strong movement opposing nuclear power plants, Denmark increased its production of clean energy even before many other countries considered it.
Even back in 2002,Denmark took climate change warnings seriously. They drew up policies, aiming to cut fossil-fuel emissions by 20%,which they did via renewable energy investment. Some of the world's largest companies in the field—including Vestas, which builds turbines(涡轮机),and Orsted, which specializes in offshore wind projects—are Danish, so the country has an impact beyond its borders.
The huge impact of Denmark’s wind industry is important. But Denmark is a small country, so while almost 50%of its electricity from wind is admirable, it's also minor in terms of entire global impact.
While Denmark gets half its electricity from 5,758 megawatts (MW) of capacity, Spain's 23,000 MW covers just 18 percent of its electricity supply as it’s a much bigger country. China is the leader in wind energy at 221,000 MW, and the U.S.is the second in the world at about 96,000 MW.
At the end of 2019,lawmakers in Denmark set a new goal: increasing the share of electricity coming from renewable power to 100%.
1. What can we know about Demark?A.It is a leader in solar energy. | B.It is a pioneer in clean energy. |
C.It is a victim of climate change. | D.It is an advocate of nuclear energy. |
A.Indifferent. | B.Ambiguous |
C.Positive. | D.Opposed. |
A.Denmark. | B.China. | C.The U.S | D.Spain. |
A.Almost Half of Denmark’s Electricity Comes from Wind Power |
B.Denmark's Government Pushes ahead with Fossil-fuel Projects |
C.Denmark Has a Great Effect on World's Wind Power Equipment |
D.Denmark Has a Long History of Developing Renewable Power |