1 . Shinrin-yoku means “forest bathing”. Forest bathing doesn't mean you take a bath in the forest; rather, you simply go for a walk in the woods or a city park, where youslackenby using all your senses to experience nature.

Yoshifumi Miyazaki, from Chiba University, is among a growing number of scientists who have begun studying the science behind the effects of nature on human health. In his bookShinrin-yoku: The Japanese Art of Forest Bathing.Miyazaki explains the techniques of forest bathing.

Miyazaki has an interesting theory about why shinrin-yoku is so effective. He points out that for more than 99.99% of the time, humans have lived in a natural environment. In fact, in 1800, only 3% of the world's population lived in cities, and by 2016, this figure reached 54%. This is only going to get worse; officials predict that by 2050, 66% will live in cities.

This suggests we live in our modern society with bodies that are still used to the natural environment, he writes in the book, because “genes cannot change over just a few hundred years". The science behind the research studies he presents in the book makes a convincing case that forest bathing is an effective method for reducing stress in today's world.

Now city planners are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of nature and are creating new kinds of “parks” out of empty spaces. There're also more city gardens where people can grow vegetables. For kids, kitchen gardens in schools are becoming popular. As Miyazaki stresses, you don't have to find a formal park or garden to practice shinrin-yoku. Instead, you can enjoy the effects of nature wherever there're plants.

Better yet, he says, we can bring nature closer to where we spend most of our time. Miyazaki's research has shown that just increasing the amount of plants in a room can affect the relaxation benefits of the room. What's more, even when people simply look at flowers, their bodies relax and stress levels decrease.

1. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Behave.

B．Entertain.

C．Sleep.

D．Relax.

2. How does the author mainly develop the third paragraph?

A．By giving examples.	B．By listing figures.
C．By making remarks.	D．By presenting research findings.

3. Why does forest bathing work effectively according to Miyazaki?

A．Human genes can change easily.	B．Nature is part of the modern society.
C．Human body can integrate into nature.	D．People can always get excited in nature.

4. Which of the following will Miyazaki agree on forest bathing?

A．It is easy to operate.	B．It is meant for gardeners.
C．It is unaffordable in the city.	D．It is inconvenient to practice.

2 . Butterflies, a familiar sight around the world, are disappearing now.Over the past four decades, more than 450 butterfly species have been affected by threats from climate change. In the US alone, the monarch butterfly has seen a drop of 80%, from millions of them in the 1980s to only 29,000 in 2020; in 2017, scientists in Germany raised alarm bells after stressing that insects had decreased by more than 70% in 30 years.

As of now, there is no long-term data available to develop effective conservation strategies in those areas where the threat is particularly widespread. And long-term monitoring programs worldwide face a challenge—training locals as citizen biologists, which, although successful, requires significant and constant funding to cover wages.

In Ecuador, however, scientists have come up with a novel approach.In Yasuni National Park, they started a monitoring project where park rangers(护林员) were trained and then performed monitoring.The rangers were able to identify sampled butterflies with impressive accuracy-an 85% success rate-which is key to the success of these monitoring programs. The data gathered by the park rangers was so accurate that it did not significantly differ from data obtained by trained biologists in the area.

Other monitoring projects select individuals from the community to act as citizen biologists, so scientists may pull the plug on them when funding dries up. However, this study represents a long-term solution.Monitoring with an infrastructure (基础设施)already in place means that it can continue into the future regardless of funding.

"Our approach increases the possibility of constant monitoring in the long term by reducing costs such as lodging(住宿)and wages,"said lead author Maria Checa. "Furthermore, it also empowers(授权)local people, offers opportunities to public institutions to accomplish their environmental goals, and opens up possibilities for expansion into other highly threatened and important areas for biodiversity(生物多样性)conservation."

1. What do the figures in paragraph 1 show?

A．The rich varieties of butterflies.

B．The scientists' close attention to the butterfly.

C．The growing concern about climate change.

D．The sharp decline in the number of butterflies.

2. What stands in the way of butterfly monitoring?

A．The high cost of training staff.	B．The wide areas to be monitored.
C．The lack of professional trainers.	D．The difficulty in dealing with the data.

3. What might be the biggest success of Yasuni National Park's project?

A．Improving the lives of park rangers.

B．Producing many trained biologists.

C．Providing habitat for endangered butterflies.

D．Collecting reliable data for butterfly conservation.

4. What does the underlined part "pull the plug on" in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．End.

B．Control.

C．Examine.

D．Continue.

3 . 假定你是学生会主席李华，你校将举行“减少碳足迹，创建绿色校园”活动。请你写一封倡议书刊登在校英语报上，内容如下：
1.活动目的；
2.具体措施；
3.发出倡议。
注意：
1.词数80左右:
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

4 . October 21 was a very dark day in Texas. Not only did Hurricane Hanna destroy homes, it caused the largest business damage in Texas’s history. The worst thing is Hanna’s destructive force nearly wiped out most power poles and power lines. According to Center Point Energy, Hurricane Hanna affected 2.15 million customers. Currently, more than 4,000 of them are still in the dark. Crews have worked 16-hour shifts to restore power to residents.

Most of Houston seems to be returning to normal. Schools, restaurants, retail stores and gas stations are open. Smiles are back. But harder-hit places, including Galveston, will take much longer to recover. Hundreds of people are still missing, and coastal towns are a mess. Some ruins from storm have drifted south to other beaches in Texas. Several public schools in Galveston are closed due to water damage. Parents are registering kids in other area schools which are scheduled to begin class on November 13. Many school supplies were destroyed.

Clara Barton Village is an emergency shelter located at Alamo Elementary School in Galveston, Texas. This is where Paula Reed and her family are staying. Believe it or not, Paula Reed and her family consider this hurricane a blessing. When Paula was a girl, she was an orphan, but was taken in by her stepmom, Antonia Flores. Reed lost contact with Flores and had been trying desperately to locate her for the past few years. Before the hurricane, Reed and her family moved away from Galveston to a San Antonio shelter. There, she reunited with Flores after 30 long years! The moment they saw each other, their lives were changed.

1. What’s the most serious damage caused by Hurricane Hanna?

A．Hundreds of people are still missing.

B．A large number of people are homeless.

C．Power facilities are severely destroyed.

D．Factories are closed and many people jobless.

2. It can be inferred that the residents in Houston________.

A．have fully recovered from the disaster

B．were the most unlucky people in the disaster

C．need a long time to bring their life back to normal

D．suffered less from Hanna than people in Galveston

3. Kids in public schools in other areas of Houston will have to stay at home for_______

A．at least one month	B．at least three weeks
C．two weeks at most	D．nearly half a month

4. Paula Reed and her family consider the hurricane a blessing because_______

A．they had nothing lost after Hurricane Hanna

B．they lived a happier life in San Antonio shelter

C．Paula was taken good care of in the shelter

D．Paula reunited with her stepmother after three decades

6 . Plans to bring wild tigers back to their original home , their historical range(历史分布范围） in the Ili­Balkhash region, have been announced by Kazakhstan( 哈萨克斯坦 )   and an agreement with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to conduct a tiger reintroduction program has been signed . “It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home, but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili­Balkhash region，” said Askar Myrzakhmetov, the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

If successful, Kazakhstan will be the first country in the world to bring wild tigers back to an entire region where they have died out for nearly half a century. Tiger reintroduction projects have only been achieved within national borders and in areas that are considered current tiger habitats . Kazakhstan's tiger reintroduction program is unique and it badly requires the restoration of a vast forest that is part of the wild tiger's historical range.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, wild tigers have lost over 90 per cent of their historical range. Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s, due to the loss of habitat. To prepare for the return of wild tigers, on 1st January 2018 Kazakhstan will set up a new nature reserve in the southwestern Ili­Balkhash, in order to restore the unique forest habitat. This will include the protection of existing wildlife, and reintroducing important prey ( 猎物 ), such as the endangered wild Bactrian deer（中亚红鹿).

Restoring tigers will also help protect Lake Balkhash and prevent it from repeating the fate of the Aral Sea, formerly the world's fourth largest lake and now 10 percent of its original size. “The hard work remains ahead of us. We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers and involve all the relevant people to make this happen. That means dealing with illegal activities, having these people who govern parks be well­trained and equipped, increasing prey populations and involving local communities，” said Ekaterina Vorobyeva, Director of the WWF program.

1. What is Askar Myrzakhmetov's attitude toward the tiger reintroduction program?

A．Doubtful.	B．Favorable.
C．Concerned.	D．Disapproving.

2. What made the wild tigers disappear in the Ili­Balkhash region?

A．The increasing loss of prey.	B．The evolution of the species.
C．The lack of natural living places.	D．The serious environmental pollution.

3. Which measure may be taken for the reintroduction of tigers?

A．Regulating human activities.	B．Limiting the number of prey.
C．Building a reserve for tigers only.	D．Training tigers to be more adaptable.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Efforts to restore forests in Kazakhstan

B．Bringing tigers back home to Kazakhstan

C．Attempts to handle illegal activities effectively

D．Preventing tigers disappearing in Kazakhstan

7 . What are the speakers mainly talking about?

A．Health.

B．Education.

C．Environment.

8 . Plastic waste has polluted the Arctic. Two new studies have spied bags, fishing rope and tinier bits of rubbish in the Barents Sea. This sea sits north of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia. It mixes with the Arctic Ocean, which is even farther north.

Plastic waste in the Arctic could harm wildlife and may hint that large volumes of human rubbish are collecting there, says Melanie Bergmann. She is one of the scientists who spotted the waste. She studies Earth’s oceans at the Alfred Wegener Institute in Bremerhaven, Germany. She first started counting bits of plastics in the Barents Sea because she kept spotting signs of the stuff there in images taken with deep-sea cameras.

Bergmann and her colleagues counted pieces of plastic from an icebreaker, a boat designed to break through large blocks of ice in very cold waters. They also tracked plastic pieces they saw during helicopter rides over Arctic waters. The team found 31 pieces of plastic. “That doesn’t seem like much, but it shows us that we’ve really got a problem, one that extends even to this remote area, far from civilization,” Bergmann says. She and her colleagues described their findings October 21 in Polar Biology.

Another team has also been counting plastics in the area. Those scientists took water from the Barents Sea and counted the number of smaller bits of plastics, called microplastics.

Plastic in the ocean is dangerous to animals. Some may get caught in rope or bags. And wildlife may swallow bags and other plastic bits. That makes them feel full. But some may eventually starve because they are not getting the nutrients they need to live. Sometimes plastics also may break down in an animal’s body and release poisonous chemicals. If another animal later eats the one that swallowed plastic, it too can end up with poisonous chemicals in its body. This, in turn, can travel up the food web, endangering predators (肉食动物) — even people.

1. What can be learned from Para 1?

A．Europe is surrounded by the Arctic Ocean.

B．The Barents Sea is to the north of the Arctic.

C．The Arctic Ocean is polluted by plastic rubbish.

D．European countries are to blame for the pollution.

2. What has brought Bergmann’s attention to plastic waste in Barents Sea?

A．Human rubbish dumped in the sea.

B．Pictures taken by deep-sea cameras.

C．Sea water taken to the laboratory.

D．Wildlife spotted by helicopter.

3. What concerned Bergmann according to Para 3?

A．Plastic is found in the remote sea.

B．The sea is covered with plastic.

C．Advanced tools are in great need.

D．People suffered from bad weather.

4. Why is plastic dangerous to animals?

A．Animals may get choked by bags or plastic bits.

B．Animals may die of hunger if they swallow bags.

C．Plastic can release harmful gases to kill animals.

D．It is hard for plastic bags and bits to break down.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。

At 8,844.43 meters high, Mount Qomolangma is    1     (tall) mountain on Earth. While it is famous for    2     (it) challenging hike, parts of the mountain are facing a problem: garbage. Every year, thousands of    3     (visit) throw away tons of trash, including soda cans and plastic bags.

According to the UN, over 140 tons of trash have been left on the mountain. To reduce trash, China is limiting the number of people    4     can climb the mountain’s north side. Only 300 people will    5     (allow) to climb it each year, and only during spring.

Local residents cleaned the mountain last year,    6     (remove) trash at a height of 5,200 meters. They     7       (collect) about 8.4 metric tons of trash, according to figures from the Tibet autonomous region’s government.

This year, the local government plans to spend 4 million yuan    8     a new clean-up campaign, setting up stations to sort, recycle and break down garbage gathered from the mountain.

In addition to trash, workers will also collect the bodies of     9       (death) climbers. By the 2019 climbing season, more than 300 people have died on Qomolangma, with 12 deaths this year.

A group of artists will try to turn some trash into artwork. They will show these works           10     (local), to remind people not to leave trash when climbing the mountain.