1 . Many cities and towns have laws that require people to recycle paper and plastics. Now some state and local governments have passed laws that require citizens to recycle their food waste as well. California and Vermont have statewide laws about recycling food waste that apply to businesses and homes. The process of recycling food waste and turning it into usable soil is called composting (堆制肥料).
Food waste that can be composted includes fruit and vegetable peels, coffee grounds, tea bags, and eggshells. Garden waste such as stems and leaves can also be composted. Meat, fish, and dairy food waste cannot be recycled.
According to environmental groups, composting reduces the amount of trash going into landfills (垃圾填埋池), and composted waste holds a wide range of nutrients. When compost is added to the soil in gardens and fields, it helps crops grow.
Reducing the amount of waste that goes into landfills is one reason why cities and states are passing food-waste recycling laws. “Our landfills are far from enough for the creation of new ones is shrinking.” Renee Crowley, a project manager said.
Officials in Seattle, Washington, say that food waste makes up 30% of the trash going into landfills, and they are looking to reduce that percentage. That city has a law requiring people to recycle food waste. It is banned from all garbage. There is a fine for people who put it into regular garbage.
Crowley points out that even in cities where food recycling is not a law, there are often places where citizens can drop off their food waste for composting. Many schools and colleges have also started composting programs.
Those who are against food-recycling laws say that the composting process is costly. In addition, it can be difficult for people who live in apartments to store their waste because they don’t have access to outside storage bins. Patti Ferguson from Orange County, California, told her local newspaper that she thought an indoor container containing food waste would get smelly.
1. What do we know about composting from the text?| A．It is cheap to compost food waste. |
| B．Not all food waste can be reused. |
| C．Not all soil can be composted. |
| D．It is usually processed in empty landfills. |
| A．Ways of keeping nutrients in the soil. |
| B．Ways of reducing the amount of trash. |
| C．Benefits of recycling food waste. |
| D．Examples of different useful nutrients. |
| A．illegal | B．shameful |
| C．required | D．acceptable |
| A．thankful | B．supportive |
| C．uncaring | D．negative |
2 . Think about the different ways that people use the wind. You can use it to fly a kite or to sail a boat. Wind is one of our cleanest and richest power sources, as well as one of the oldest. Something shows that windmills (风车) began to be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC. They were first introduced to Europe during the 1100s, when armies returned from the Middle East with knowledge of using wind power.
For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎) wheat into flour or get water from deep underground. When electricity was discovered in the late 1800s, people living in faraway areas began to use them to produce electricity. This allowed them to have electric lights and radio. However, by the 1940s when elect
ricity was available to people in almost all areas of the United States, windmills were hardly used.
During the 1970s, people started becoming more cared about the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would run out one day. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher costs. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind.
1. What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?| A．Sailing a boat. |
| B．Producing electricity. |
| C．Grinding wheat into flour. |
| D．Pumping water from underground. |
| A．wind power is cleaner |
| B．it is one of the oldest power sources |
| C．it was cheaper to create energy from winds |
| D．the supply of coal and gas failed to meet needs |
| A．The advantage of wind power. |
| B．The design of wind power plants. |
| C．The movement to save energy. |
| D．The global trend towards producing wind power. |
错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分.
Strange things were happening in a countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rise and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in it . A smell gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were so nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looked for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am in July 28,1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard about outside the city of Tangshan even no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, whom thought little of these events, were asleep as usual the night.
Learning survival skills is an ongoing process(过程)that will last for your entire life. Because each situation has its particular requirements, there is always more to learn and experience.
Fire
Fire provides warmth, light, and comfort, and keeps away the creatures. But even those are not all.
Shelter
Shelter protects your body from heat, cold, rain, snow, the sun, and wind. It also protects you from insects and other creatures that seek to do you harm.Before you are in need of making a survival shelter, be sure to practice and experiment with a variety of materials and survival plans on a regular basis. Clothing is the first line of shelter protection.
Signaling
Signaling allows you to get in touch with people who can rescue you without having to be close by.
First Aid
| A．Have the right clothes for the right environment. |
| B．There are a variety of ways to signal for help. |
| C．Lay out SOS from rocks, logs or colored clothing. |
| D．Always bring along your first aid box and a space blanket. |
| E．Fire and smoke can be used for signaling very long distances. |
| F．Panic is your number one enemy when you are in any emergency situation. |
| G．These 4 basic skills may put you on your way toward becoming a survivor. |
5 . Hello. I’m Jan from Mrs. Lake’s class. My class wants to work together to help the public. We think we have found a great way to do this. Last month we did a class project on the highways near our town. We learned about the Adopt-a-Highway Program. This program brings people together to pick up litter along the roads. We think it would be a great idea for all students in our school to join the program and adopt a highway.
Adopting a highway is not like adopting a pet. When a highway is adopted, only part of the highway is cared for by a group of people. The group agrees to work every week to keep its part of the highway clean. Each group gets its own sign that has the name of the group printed on it. The sign is put up at the side of the road. This sign lets drivers know who is keeping that area of the road clean.
The Adopt-a-Highway Program is a great way for people to help their environment look nicer. Also, the government does not have to send out as many road workers. This saves money. Finally, people may try harder to keep roads clean if they see people, especially teenagers like us, cleaning them up.
We will need helpers to care for our adopted highway. If you want to feel great and keep our roads clean，please come with your parents to the meeting next week. We will meet in Mrs. Lake’ room on Wednesday at 6:00 P.M. At the meeting, we will talk about which roads are the dirtiest as a result of people's unkind acts. Then we' ll try to pick an area to adopt and clean.
I look forward to seeing you at the meeting. Remember to keep our roads clean!
1. What is the Adopt-a-Highway Program about?
| A．Giving names to the highways. | B．Drawing pictures of highways. |
| C．Picking up litter along the roads. | D．Putting up signs near the roads. |
| A．Pick a spot to care for. | B．Call Mrs. Lake next week. |
| C．Write a letter to their parents. | D．Go to a meeting on Wednesday. |
| A．To encourage students to join the program. |
| B．To introduce the traffic system. |
| C．To show drivers how to drive safely. |
| D．To tell a story about adopting a pet. |
| A．Adopt-a-Pet | B．Adopt-a-Highway |
| C．Ways to Protect the Environment | D．Volunteers on Roads |
The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are
The World Health Organization warns that millions of people
WHO officials say nearly three billion people are
WHO officials say opening a window or door
Nigel Bruce,
But, this is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use
7 . In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持续的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains.
In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕榈油), which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development.
Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits if this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that____________.| A．it makes the world warmer |
| B．it consumes natural resources |
| C．it brings severe damage to forests |
| D．it makes growth hard to continue |
| A．China lacks wind and solar energy. |
| B．China is the leader of the low-carbon market. |
| C．High-speed trains are a low-carbon development. |
| D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests. |
| A．cut public expenses |
| B．forbid carbon emission |
| C．develop public resources |
| D．encourage energy conservation |
| A．develop sustainable products |
| B．explore new natural resources |
| C．make full use of natural resources |
| D．deal with the major challenge |
| A．To introduce a new business model. |
| B．To compare two business models. |
| C．To predict a change of the global market. |
| D．To advocate sustainable development. |
8 . Most of us don’t like to think too much about rubbish.
When it comes to being responsible for our own rubbish, the best way to approach it is by following the three golden rules of waste management, or the ‘3 Rs’-Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
“The order is important.
But, when our efforts to reduce and reuse still result in an overflowing rubbish bin, the advantages of recycling cannot be ignored. “
In fact, by recycling just one plastic bottle, you are saving not just the material to make a new one, but you also stop it from getting thrown into a landfill(垃圾掩埋场)for up to 700 years-and that’s before it even starts to rot.
Recycling is so important that we really have no excuse not to do the simplest of household tasks that will make a difference.
“
| A．We put it in the bin and don’t think too far beyond that |
| B．The collective action of individuals can make a significant effect |
| C．It‘s important for every household to make good use of grey water |
| D．Waste reduction and reuse is usually the best way to decrease waste |
| E．The three rules of waste management should be followed by every household |
| F．Recycling reduces the use of raw materials and so protects our natural resources |
| G．Recycling just 10% plastic bottles would keep 90 million kilograms of plastic out of landfills |
9 . Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It
But the river wasn’t changed in a few days
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit
While there are
10 . Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.
But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement .Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many， many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first. According to US government reports, emissions (排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons .The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices.
Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.
Twenty –five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change!” says Bruce Anderson.
1. According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___.| A．the social movement | B．recycling techniques |
| C．environmental problems | D．the importance of Earth Day |
| A．The grass –roots level. | B．The business circle. |
| C．Government officials. | D．University professors. |
| A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest. |
| B．They have settled their environmental problems. |
| C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities. |
| D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures. |
| A．Education. | B．Planning |
| C．Green living | D．CO reduction |
