1 . Water conservation (保护) means using limited water supply wisely and caring for it properly. Since each of us depends on water to support life, it is our responsibility to learn more about water conservation and how we can help keep our sources pure and safe for generations to come. Below are some of the main reasons why it's important to conserve water.
It diminishes the effects of drought and water shortages. Even though our need for fresh water is always increasing because of population and industry growth, the supply we have stays the same. Even though water eventually returns to the Earth through the water cycle, it's not always returned to the same spot, or with the same quantity and quality. By reducing the amount of water we use, we can better protect against future drought years.
It guards against a series of social problems. Failing to conserve water, can eventually lead to a lack of water supply, which can have bad results. These include rising costs, reduced food supplies, health dangers, and even political conflict. Many fears have been expressed that water wars will occur in the future as water is becoming scarcer and scarcer (更稀缺的).
It helps to protect our environment. Reducing our water usage reduces the energy required to process water and deliver it to businesses, farms, and communities, which, in turn, helps to reduce pollution and conserve energy.
It builds safe and beautiful communities. Hospitals, gas stations, health clubs, gyms, and restaurants all require large amounts of water to provide services for communities. Reducing our usage of water means that these services can continue to be provided. Much of our fresh water can also be used for beautifying our surroundings — trees, flowers, vegetable gardens, as well as filling public fountains.
Water conservation requires effort, and every little bit helps. Don't think that what you do does not matter. We can all make changes in our lifestyles to reduce our water usage. The trick is making water conservation a way of life — not just something we think about once in a while.
1. What does Paragraph 1 mainly show?| A．Conserving water is very difficult. |
| B．Everyone should learn to conserve water. |
| C．Many people don't care about water waste. |
| D．Water shortage will influence the later generations. |
| A．Proves. | B．Reduces. |
| C．Examines. | D．Removes. |
| A．To explain what services need water the most. |
| B．To show water is widely used in our daily life. |
| C．To explain why people today love to conserve water. |
| D．To show conserving water benefits our communities. |
| A．Why Do Water Resources Become Scarcer? |
| B．How Can We Make Our World a Better Place? |
| C．Why Should We Conserve Water in Our Daily Life? |
| D．How Can We Conserve Water to Protect Our Earth? |
2 . Britain has long been known for its love of tea, but people in London also drink a lot of coffee. In fact, the average Londoner reportedly drinks 2.3 cups of coffee every day. And now, waste coffee grounds will be used to help fuel part of the city’s transportation system.
A technology company announced on Monday that some buses will be using a biofuel that contains coffee oil. The company, Bio-bean, and its partner, Argent Energy, say they have made enough coffee oil to power one of London’s famous double-decker buses for a year. The announcement made Bio-bean a trending story on social media.
The government agency Transport for London has been turning to biofuels to cut production of carbon emissions. A carbon emission is a gas produced by the burning of carbon. The gas is released into the atmosphere. London’s mayor, Sadiq Khan, said last month that his city has a “health crisis….caused directly by poor-quality air.” The government has taken steps to discourage people from driving cars that do not meet European Union emissions requirements.
Bio-bean said Londoners produce over 200,000 tons of coffee ground waste a year. The company said it collects waste grounds from chain coffee shops and factories. The grounds are dried and processed to remove the coffee oil.
“It’s a great example of what can be done when we start to re-imagine waste as an untapped resource,” said Bio-bean founder’s Arthur Kay. The coffee fuel technology has been received support from the oil company Royal Dutch Shell.
1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?| A．Tea is very popular with British people. |
| B．Londoners love drinking coffee as well as tea at present. |
| C．Nowadays, Londoners prefer drinking coffee to drinking tea. |
| D．Waste coffee grounds will be made good use of in London’s transportation system. |
| A．Collecting waste coffee grounds |
| B．Cooperating with its partner, Argent Energy |
| C．Powering a double-decker bus using coffee oil |
| D．Making coffee oil out of coffee waste coffee grounds |
| A．Neutral. | B．Concerned. | C．Casual. | D．Appreciative. |
| A．The coffee fuel technology has earned wide-spread acceptance. |
| B．The Bio-bean is the first company to turn some wastes into bio-fuels. |
| C．The supply of coffee grounds waste in London is guaranteed in a way. |
| D．People have not attached importance to some so-called wastes widely. |
With the
Air pollution is caused by the following
We should take some measures to fight
4 . Last year, the bushfires in Australia burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people were killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, that was the most casualties(伤亡) from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone.
Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. "The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia's fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia," Hausfather added on Friday.
Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing weather patterns due to global warming make drought events longer.
Climate experts stress that climate change is not the only factor in the severity(严重) of wildfires. How land is managed can also impact the amount of fuel available for fires. Practices like controlled bums and other factors can impact the risk to people and property, such as warning systems and the type of development in a given area. Changing those policies has great potential to limit future damage from wildfires along with changes to how fire management resources are dispatched(派遣).
1. What are the numbers about in paragraph 1?| A．The causes of Australian fires. | B．The results of Australian fires. |
| C．The damaged areas of Australian fires. | D．The property destruction of Australian fires. |
| A．Very quickly to adapt to. |
| B．Very seriously to focus on. |
| C．Very likely to be influenced by. |
| D．Very easily to be protected against. |
| A．Longer dry weather contributes to global warming. |
| B．Global wanning is also a main cause of the bushfires. |
| C．Warmer ocean temperatures leads to the fires directly. |
| D．The imbalanced energy leads to the temperature rising. |
| A．To stress the effects of Australia fires. |
| B．To show the methods for land management. |
| C．To predict the seriousness of Australia fires. |
| D．To provide some advice about reducing fire damage. |
5 . Endangered species
An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.
Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways. When humans move into a new area, the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.
| A．Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. |
| B．Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing. |
| C．Eventually, all the creatures on Earth will enjoy being together. |
| D．Recent changes, however, have helped to improve the situation. |
| E．So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species? |
| F．Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. |
| G．If we all cooperate and take these steps, we will protect these animals for future generations. |
6 . Ted Schredd doesn't like cars. He wants people to stop
He left his
While he was at the conference, he met Deanna. It was
“It was
On their way back to Vancouver, they
| A．crying | B．smoking | C．driving | D．worrying |
| A．idea | B．job | C．secret | D．excuse |
| A．new | B．fun | C．strange | D．dangerous |
| A．drier | B．thinner | C．cleaner | D．thicker |
| A．country | B．car | C．mother | D．hometown |
| A．reached | B．found | C．missed | D．saw |
| A．ordered | B．allowed | C．invited | D．promised |
| A．art | B．culture | C．medicine | D．environment |
| A．problem | B．surprise | C．holiday | D．difference |
| A．love | B．pride | C．hate | D．doubt |
| A．plan | B．start | C．change | D．finish |
| A．interesting | B．difficult | C．important | D．comfortable |
| A．finally | B．seriously | C．early | D．suddenly |
| A．As | B．If | C．Unless | D．Although |
| A．quiet | B．boring | C．safe | D．exciting |
| A．cooked | B．slept | C．worked | D．waiter |
| A．Instead | B．At first | C．Besides | D．After all |
| A．met | B．stopped | C．practiced | D．celebrated |
| A．paid | B．injured | C．punished | D．married |
| A．write | B．read | C．borrow | D．buy |
7 . Do you still remember the haze（雾霾）in the winter? So many people got terribly ill during or after the haze.
Spend less time outdoors.This is the most effective way for self-protection in such bad weather.With PM2.5 increasing 103mg per cubic meter,residents will risk a 2.29% increase of death,which experts found out in 2012.If you have to get out,avoid riding bicycles.
Close your windows.Experts advice residents to avoid opening windows at home.If you have to ,avoid the time when smog is at its densest（浓的）.
Smoke less.
| A．Wear masks. |
| B．Pay attention to other daily things. |
| C．Also avoid rush hours,when pollutants will be denser. |
| D．That’s because haze does harm to the health of people. |
| E．Cigarettes could cause more particulate matters,which are included in PM2.5 . |
| F．Take more fruits and vegetables instead,which are good for lung,spleen（脾）and kidney（肾）. |
| G．For residents who use air-conditioner,make sure your apartment has enough oxygen indoors. |
8 . Scientists think they have answered a mystery: How some ocean creatures got so huge so quickly.
A few million years ago, the largest whales, averaged about 15 feet long. Then seemingly overnight, one type of whale, the toothless baleen whale（须鲸类）became huge. Modern blue whales get as big as 100 feet. Nicholas Pyenson of the Smithsonian Natural History Museum said, “Why is that?” ”It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye, which makes it harder to figure out what happened,” said Graham Slater, lead author of the study. Their study has suggested an answer: Ice ages in the last 3 to 5 million years started it, changing the oceans and food supply for whales.
The researchers used fossil records of the smaller whales to create a family tree for baleen whales which include blue whales, humpbacks and right whales. Using computer simulations（模拟）and knowledge about how evolution works, they concluded that when the size changes started, the poles got colder, ice expanded and the water circulation in the oceans changed and winds shifted, Slater and Pyenson said cold water went deep and moved closer to the equator(赤道）and then eventually moved back up with small fish and other small animals that whales eat.
Baleen whale, which have no teeth, feed by eating huge amounts of fish they capture. Toothed whales, like sperm whales (抹香鲸), hunt individual fish, so the ocean chants that made food less evenly spread out didn’t affect them as much. But baleen whales hunt schools of fish.
Olivier Lambert at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences calls it “a really convincing situation”. But he said the lack of fossils in certain time periods is an issue. As oceans warm from man-made climate change, the seas will be more like it was when the whales smaller and they will have a more difficult time surviving.
1. What does the author mean by “It happened in the glance of an evolutionary eye” in the second paragraph?| A．The change of baleen whales happened too quickly. |
| B．The change of baleen whales was too difficult to explore. |
| C．Researchers paid little attention to the change of baleen whales. |
| D．Researchers thought the change of baleen whales was unimportant. |
| A．Man-made climate change. |
| B．Its eating a huge amount of fish. |
| C．The water circulation in the oceans. |
| D．The increase of food supply for whales. |
| A．Sperm whales eat more food. |
| B．Blue whaler live much longer. |
| C．Sperm whales prefer to hunt schools of fish. |
| D．Blue whales usually swallow schools of fish. |
| A．There are no whale fossils now. |
| B．The whales may become even bigger. |
| C．Global warming has threatened the whales. |
| D．Olivier Lamber thinks the study is perfect. |
9 . Nola (August 21, 1974—November 22, 2015) was a northern white rhino who lived at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park near Escondido, California. At her death, she was one of only four remaining northern white rhinos in the world. The other three lived in Kenya. World Rhino Day, held on September 2, is to raise awareness(意识) of the less than 30, 000 other rhinos left on Earth.
''Rhinos need our help today, not tomorrow,'' Nola's lead keeper Jane Kennedy said. ''Last year we lost over 1, 200 rhinos just in South Africa. If we continue to lose more than 1, 000 rhinos a year, in 10 to 20 years all the rhinos on the planet will be gone. ''
''Unfortunately, most animals are in danger of dying out because of humans,'' Kennedy says. ''Humans have either poached animals, or because there are over seven billion of us, we've taken up too much of the world's resources''. Poachers illegally hunt rhinos for their horns. They sell the horns for thousands of dollars per pound, to be used for art, jewelry, and decorations. Experts believe that one rhino is poached every eight hours.
In 1975, the San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation Research started the Frozen Zoo, a program through which researchers have collected cell (细胞) samples from more than 8, 000 different types of animals, including the northern white rhino. Scientists hope that by studying the rhino cells, they will get greater understanding of it, and will find ways to increase its numbers.
Jane Kennedy describes World Rhino Day as a celebration of rhinos along with an awareness campaign for everybody across the world to know that rhinos need our help. ''At the San Diego Zoo, children and adults are welcome to visit and speak with zookeepers to learn about rhinos. But you don't have to live in San Diego to celebrate World Rhino Day. It is observed around the world, with zoos and wildlife parks holding special events and programs to teach people about rhinos, and enable them to see the animals up close. For more information, go to www. worldrhinoday. org.
1. What do we know about Nola?| A．It was a baby white rhino. |
| B．It was one of the last of its kind. |
| C．It lived with other northern white rhinos in Kenya. |
| D．It died on September 22 at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. |
| A．The rhinos' uncertain future. |
| B．The rhinos' strange activities. |
| C．The limited natural resources. |
| D．The rare animals in South Africa. |
| A．Invent new kinds of animals. |
| B．Keep animals from dying out. |
| C．Prevent rhinos from being hunted. |
| D．Raise public awareness of rhinos. |
| A．To help people know more about animals. |
| B．To encourage people to protect rhinos. |
| C．To report special events in San Diego. |
| D．To introduce World Rhino Day. |
10 . Perhaps people have never realized that fashion materials should be one of the worst destroyers on our environment in countries across the world.
Everybody enjoys wearing warm fashionable sweaters, but they never realize how much harm they have done to the environment. Studies suggest that 70 percent of the damage to the grasslands is due to overgrazing(过度放牧). Because of that, tile balance of nature is broken, extreme weather occurs frequently, species are under serious threat, and finally grasslands are becoming desert gradually. The major real cause driving this activity is that human beings demand for cheaper wool to make fashionable clothing.
What you might not know is that the natural fibers for making clothes are often taken from trees in ancient forests or other plants such as bamboo and cotton. This means that the clothes we buy and wear are contributing directly to destroying forests and habitats. In fact, cotton is by no means a fully environmentally friendly crops on the planet. For a start, it uses so much water to. produce, which leads to the freshwater shortage across the globe. It can take 2,700 liters of water to make just one cotton T-shirt. Additionally, growing cotton requires high levels of pesticide and other dangerous chemicals that often pollute waterways and soil. As for man-made fibers, the damage done by them is far worse than other materials.
In recent years, retailers (零售商)have increased the number of fashion collection secession even-each month or week. Throwaway culture is known as "fast fashion" due to low prices. Every year, 100 billion new garments made from new fibers are produced, many of which soon end up in landfill(垃圾填埋场). A dress might cost a few pounds for the consumer, but there is a hidden cost to the wider environment including ecosystems and other species.
1. According to the passage, the real destroyer on the grasslands is .| A．overgrazing | B．human beings’ need |
| C．unbalanced nature | D．change of weather |
| A．The cotton fiber. | B．The tree fiber. |
| C．The man-made fiber. | D．The bamboo fiber. |
| A．Opposed. | B．Approved. | C．Neutral. | D．Sympathetic. |
| A．Damage to Our Environment | B．Throw away Culture |
| C．Destroying Forests and Habitats | D．Fashion Materials, the Hidden Environment Destroyer |
