1 . The new garbage sorting regulation has taken effect in Shanghai starting July 1. Many citizens are still confused about the classification of the four different types of trash. Thankfully, authorities have released an official guideline to clarify the new rules.

The guideline, published by the Shanghai Greenery and Public Sanitation Bureau, provides a rather clear definition on the four kinds of waste: recyclable waste, hazardous (有害的) waste, household food waste and residual (剩余的) waste.

Hazardous waste, as the name suggests, includes assorted poisonous materials like used batteries, light bulbs, out-of-date medicines, paint and pesticides.

Household food waste, which is translated to “wet trash” in Chinese，refers to food leftovers, rotten food, pet food, fruit peels, remains of TCM herbs (中药) and flowers.

Paper, plastic, glass, metal and textiles (纺织品) are counted as recyclable waste.

The definition of residual waste is a little confusing. Anything that is not listed above belongs in this category.

As specific as the new guideline is, residents still have a hard time sorting trash correctly and are finding it challenging to memorize them all. For instance, both plastic bottles and bubble tea or coffee cups are plastic materials. However, the former falls to the category of recyclable waste and the latter belongs to residual waste. To save the hassle, some netizens have come up with their own ways to sort trash.

“We should do this from a pig’s angle,” commented one netizen. “Those edible (可食用的) for pigs are household food waste. Those even pigs don’t want to eat are residual waste. If a pig consumes something and dies of it, then something must be hazardous waste. Those which can be sold and the money we gain can be used to purchase pigs are recyclable waste.” The new regulation has gone into effect on July 1. Those who do not sort their trash properly will be fined RMB200.

1. What do the old thrown-away sweaters belong to?

A．Residual waste.	B．Hazardous waste.
C．Recyclable waste.	D．Household food waste.

2. What does “wet trash” have in common?

A．They are completely wet.	B．They all come from plants.
C．They can give off bad smell.	D．They can break up easily.

3. What is the tone of the netizen?

A．Humorous.	B．Serious.
C．Delightful.	D．Uncertain.

4. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Shanghai bans four sorts of garbage.

B．Shanghai launches garbage sorting enforcement.

C．Citizens in Shanghai still question garbage sorting.

D．Citizens in Shanghai welcome the garbage sorting policy.

2 . Greening the Kubuqi Desert

China has seen great achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past 70 years. Solid efforts have been made to fight pollution and continuously improve the environment.

    1     It caused deadly sandstorms, which arrived like big black walls reaching up into the sky.

As President Xi Jinping has said, clear waters and green mountains are invaluable assets（资产）.     2    

A series of campaigns have been carried out by the central government to improve the environment.     3     Thanks to the program, forest coverage in China had increased from 12 percent in the 1980s to nearly 23 percent last year.

    4     It has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification（沙漠化）.

In Kubuqi, a desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Elion has greened 600,000 hectares of land and helped lift more than 102,000 people out of poverty through the development of solar energy and tourism, as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.

In addition, the group’s techniques have also been used in many ecological（生态的）programs, including Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.

“    5     With the help of modern technologies, such as drones, AI, big data and the internet of things, we are sure to achieve greater success,” said Ao Baoping, chief executive officer of Elion Green Land Technology.

A．Once the environment gets better, we will live a happier life.

B．For example, in 1998, China started the Natural Forest Protection Program.

C．Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s.

D．Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group.

E．Pollution is getting worse and worse nowadays.

F．Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the country’s fight against desertification.

G．We will come up with new ways to improve our ability to control the sand.

3 . John Farish, an engineer who was staying at the St. Francis, one of the city’s finest hotels, remembered the very early morning of Wednesday, April 18, 1906: I was awakened by a loud noise, which might be compared to the mixed sounds of a strong wind flowing through a forest and the breaking of waves against a rock. In less time than it takes to tell, a shake, similar to that caused by a nearby explosion (爆炸), shook the building to its bases and it began a series of the most lively movements. Together with a frightening sound, it was followed by big crashes (碰撞) as the neighboring buildings and chimneys fell to the ground.

A few blocks away, in a comfortable room in the Palace Hotel, the world’s greatest singer, Enrico Caruso, was asleep after a good performance at the Opera House the night before. He awoke to find: Everything in the room was going round and round. The light was trying to touch the ceiling and the chairs were all chasing each other. Crash — crash — crash! It was a terrible scene. Everywhere the walls were falling and clouds of yellow dust were rising. My God, I thought it would never stop!

And at the same moment, in another part of the city, Jesse Cook, a policeman, reported: The whole street was undulating (起伏波动). It was as if the waves of the ocean were coming toward me, and waving as they came.

It was, of course, an earthquake, one of the largest ever to hit North America, and the first of 27 separate quakes that day. The first shock — at 5:12:05 a.m. — lasted more than 40 seconds. It was by far the largest, about 8.3 on the Richter scale; its epicenter (震源) was just off the coast, around the Pacific.

1. When the earthquake happened, Caruso was _____.

A．looking at the waves rushing against the rock

B．giving a performance at the Opera House

C．listening to the sounds of wind flowing

D．sleeping in the comfortable Palace Hotel

2. How did Jesse Cook describe the earthquake?

A．The street was flooded with ocean water.

B．The street was dancing like ocean waves.

C．The chairs in the room were chasing each other.

D．The light was falling to the ground heavily.

3. What can we know about the earthquake according to the passage?

A．It was followed by 26 quakes that day.

B．It caused the most deaths in history.

C．It came from the center of the Pacific.

D．It struck the place at midnight.

4. The purpose of writing this passage is to _____.

A．teach us how to protect ourselves in an earth-quake

B．find out why the earthquake happened

C．describe the happenings of a strong earthquake

D．introduce what harm the earthquake did to people

4 . Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with clean water.

    1    For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.

The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many people around the world.    2    That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres every day to get water.    3    Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an education.

    4    On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.    5    People give them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.

A．We use water indirectly too.

B．Every system in our body depends on water to function.

C．It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems

D．If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.

E．Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？

F．In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.

G．In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.

5 .

“What kind of rubbish are you?” This question might normally cause anger, but in Shanghai it has brought about complaints over the past week. On July 1st, the city introduced strict trash-sorting regulations that are expected to be used as a model for our country. Residents must divide their waste into four separate kinds and put it into specific public bins. They must do so at scheduled times, when monitors are present to ensure compliance（服从）and to inquire into the nature of one’s rubbish.

Violators face the possibility of fines and worse. They could be hit with fines of up to 200 yuan ($29). For repeat violators, the city can add black marks to their credit records, making it harder for them to obtain bank loans or even buy train tickets.

Shanghai authorities are responding to an obvious environmental problem. It generates 9 million tonnes of garbage a year, more than London’s annual output and rising quickly. But like other cities in China, it lacks a recycling system. Instead, it has relied on trash pickers to sort out the waste, picking out whatever can be reused. This has limits. As people get wealthier, fewer of them want to do such dirty work. The waste, meanwhile, just keeps piling up. China produces 80 billion pairs of disposable(一次性的)chopsticks a year.

Many residents appear to support the idea of recycling in general but are frustrated by the details. Rubbish must be divided according to whether it is food, recyclable, dry or hazardous（有害的）, the differences among which can be confusing, though there are apps to help work it out. Some have complained about the rules surrounding food waste. They must put it straight in the required public bin, forcing them to tear open plastic bags and toss it by hand. Most upset are the short windows for throwing trash, typically a couple of hours, morning and evening. Along with the monitors at the bins, this means that people go at around the same time and can keep an eye on what is being thrown out; no one wants to look bad.

1. What does the underlined word “Violators” in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A．People who don’t sort the waste.

B．People who argue with the monitors.

C．People who don’t throw the trash on time.

D．People who are against the regulations.

2. What is the main direct environmental problem in Shanghai?

A．The massive traffic.	B．The increasing garbage.
C．Lack of a recycling system.	D．Lack of trash pickers.

3. What makes the residents upset most about the rules?

A．Complex distinction among the four categories of trash.

B．Short scheduled time for throwing the trash.

C．Being observed by monitors when throwing the garbage.

D．Being fined when blamed due to improper behavior.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．A Restart of Trash-sorting	B．A Great Change in Tackling Litter
C．New Times of Garbage Classification	D．A Craze for Learning Waste Sorting

6 . We don’t know when and where the next earthquake will hit. But we do know the importance of safety and preparation. The only way to be ready for the unexpected is to prepare ahead of time. It’s especially important if you live in earthquake zones. So here are some important steps to build your own Earthquake Action Plan.

1. Talk to your friends and families and decide on a place to meet if you’re separated after an earthquake.

2. Make an emergency（紧急情况）communication plan in case cell towers or phone lines are down. You can also ask relatives or friends outside your area to be your contacts.

3. Locate a safe place in every room of your house and discuss with your families the safest places to be during an earthquake. Remember, if you’re：

a. Inside, get under something heavy like a study table or against an inside wall and cover your head.

b. Outside, stay away from buildings and get out into the open.

c. In your car, stop and stay in your seat. If you’re stopped near a building or under an overpass（天桥），try to safely move away from it.

4. Store first-aid kits（急救箱）anywhere you spend a lot of time（house, car, workplace, etc. ）.

5. Pack plenty of batteries, flashlights, and bottles of water to prepare for power outages and water shortages.

6. Review your home’s important systems（electrical, gas, water, etc. ）and know how to operate them or shut them off in an emergency.

Although they’re somewhat unusual, earthquakes are incredibly terrible, overwhelming, and unpredictable forces of nature. But with some knowledge and preparation, we can mitigate risks and do the best we can to keep ourselves and our families safe.

1. Paragraph 1 mainly shows it’s very important to ______.

A．know the use of an Earthquake Action Plan

B．know when an earthquake will come

C．stay away from earthquake zones

D．prepare for an earthquake

2. First-aid kits should be kept in places ______.

A．that are very safe

B．where you often stay

C．that are under something heavy

D．that your friends and families know

3. An Earthquake Action Plan includes the following EXCEPT ______.

A．deciding where to meet with others after an earthquake

B．making sure that you have contacts out your area

C．practicing how to escape with your families

D．finding safe places in your house

4. What can best take the place of the underlined word “ mitigate” ？

A．Lower.	B．Avoid.
C．Stop.	D．Treat

7 . There are 5.25 trillion pieces of plastic trash in the world’s oceans, and each year, 8 million tons of plastic are added to the figure. Though the oceans seem vast enough to stomach a lot of plastic, the level of waste is starting to reach a crisis point: According to a new report by the Ocean Conservancy, by 2025, the ocean could contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish.

All these floating bits of plastic not only disrupt marine ecosystems, but also poison the global supply of seafood. “It’s reaching crisis proportions,” says Andreas Merkl, CEO of the Ocean Conservancy. “Plastic breaks down into small pieces that look like plankton (浮游生物) and is eaten by everything from plankton to whales.”

The new report calls for a focus on improving waste management systems in a handful of developing countries that account for the plastic leakage into the ocean. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam contribute more than half of the oceans’ plastic since their waste facilities haven’t kept up with rapid industrialization.

How can countries reduce the leakage of waste into the ocean? The Ocean Conservancy report suggests that by providing more waste collection services, closing the leakage points within the collection system, getting rid of waste with effective landfill, and building more recycling facilities, the plastics leakage could be cut by 50% by 2020.

It’s not just an environmentalist’s daydream. Coca-Cola and Dow Chemical, along with some other multinational companies, have joined forces with Ocean Conservancy to fight ocean pollution. “We’re committed to working toward a future of a plastic-free ocean. Companies don’t make plastic with the intention of it ending up in the ocean, and we acknowledge the strong role industry must play in order to help eliminate ocean plastic waste by 2035.” Says a Dow Chemical director.

“While building landfills and incinerators (焚化炉) across these developing countries might not be pretty, it’s far more environmentally friendly than letting waste slide into the world’s oceans.” Says Andreas Merkl.

1. Five developing countries are mostly responsible for plastic leakage because ___.

A．there are too many factories in those countries

B．they produce the majority of the waste worldwide

C．their waste facilities fail to adapt to rapid industrialization

D．their citizens don’t make good use of waste management systems

2. The underlined word “eliminate” in Paragraph 5 means      .

A．end

B．increase

C．remain

D．reduce

3. From the last two paragraphs, we can learn that _______.

A．many companies have begun to play a role in fighting ocean pollution

B．environment-friendly plastics will be invented by multinational factories

C．developing countries will be much more beautiful with a plastic-free ocean

D．landfills and incinerators have greatly reduced plastic leakage into the ocean

4. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.

A．suggest countries learn more about oceanic waste

B．persuade companies to produce fewer plastic goods

C．warn people of the danger of using too many plastic items

D．inform people about the serious issue of plastic in the ocean

8 . The health and welfare of every person in America will be affected by global warming, especially children, the elderly and the poor, according to a new White House science report.

The report said every region (地区) of the country will suffer worse health from heat waves and drought. All but a handful of states would have worse air quality and flooding. It predicts an increase in diseases spread by tainted (腐烂的) food, bad water and bugs (臭虫).

The report concludes that climate change causes real risk to human health and human system that supports the way of life in the United States.

Man-made global warming is caused by greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels. At current emission (放射) levels, global temperatures are likely to rise by about 2 degrees by midcentury and about 7.5 degrees by the end of the century.

The most vulnerable (脆弱的) Americans — the poor, elderly, sick, very young and immigrants — will suffer more. That’s at least 10 percent of the country’s population, probably more. It will be tougher for these people to get enough health care for climate-related illnesses, to cool down in heat waves, to escape extreme events such as Hurricane Katrina, and even to get enough food.

While every region of America is vulnerable to global warming’s health and welfare effects, more people are moving to coastal regions, which are most vulnerable to climate change because of drought and hurricanes.

1. According to the report, we learn all of the following will risk human’s health EXCEPT ______.

A．increase in the number of bugs

B．reduction in carbon dioxide emissions

C．global warming and climate change

D．heat waves and drought

2. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A．All of states would suffer flooding.

B．About half of all states would have clear air.

C．Flooding would occur in almost all the states.

D．Air quality in few states is not high.

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A．Global temperatures are increasing year by year because of carbon dioxide.

B．Global warming is caused by human beings.

C．It is wise for the Americans to move into coastal regions.

D．At least one tenth of Americans are more likely to suffer climate-related illnesses.

4. he writer wrote this passage to ______.

A．explain how the phenomenon of global warming forms

B．provide evidence that global warming and climate change risk human’s health

C．warn every American of the danger of global warming to their health

D．protect the vulnerable Americans from suffering from diseases

9 . Plans to bring wild tigers back to their original home , their historical range(历史分布范围） in the Ili­Balkhash region, have been announced by Kazakhstan( 哈萨克斯坦 )   and an agreement with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) to conduct a tiger reintroduction program has been signed . “It will not only bring wild tigers back to their original home, but also protect the unique ecosystem of the Ili­Balkhash region，” said Askar Myrzakhmetov, the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

If successful, Kazakhstan will be the first country in the world to bring wild tigers back to an entire region where they have died out for nearly half a century. Tiger reintroduction projects have only been achieved within national borders and in areas that are considered current tiger habitats . Kazakhstan's tiger reintroduction program is unique and it badly requires the restoration of a vast forest that is part of the wild tiger's historical range.

Since the beginning of the 20th century, wild tigers have lost over 90 per cent of their historical range. Wild tigers have completely disappeared from the region since the late 1940s, due to the loss of habitat. To prepare for the return of wild tigers, on 1st January 2018 Kazakhstan will set up a new nature reserve in the southwestern Ili­Balkhash, in order to restore the unique forest habitat. This will include the protection of existing wildlife, and reintroducing important prey ( 猎物 ), such as the endangered wild Bactrian deer（中亚红鹿).

Restoring tigers will also help protect Lake Balkhash and prevent it from repeating the fate of the Aral Sea, formerly the world's fourth largest lake and now 10 percent of its original size. “The hard work remains ahead of us. We have to spare no effort to make this region ready for tigers and involve all the relevant people to make this happen. That means dealing with illegal activities, having these people who govern parks be well­trained and equipped, increasing prey populations and involving local communities，” said Ekaterina Vorobyeva, Director of the WWF program.

1. What is Askar Myrzakhmetov's attitude toward the tiger reintroduction program?

A．Doubtful.	B．Favorable.
C．Concerned.	D．Disapproving.

2. What made the wild tigers disappear in the Ili­Balkhash region?

A．The increasing loss of prey.	B．The evolution of the species.
C．The lack of natural living places.	D．The serious environmental pollution.

3. Which measure may be taken for the reintroduction of tigers?

A．Regulating human activities.	B．Limiting the number of prey.
C．Building a reserve for tigers only.	D．Training tigers to be more adaptable.

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Efforts to restore forests in Kazakhstan

B．Bringing tigers back home to Kazakhstan

C．Attempts to handle illegal activities effectively

D．Preventing tigers disappearing in Kazakhstan

10 . 下面是一份国家针对野生动物濒危灭绝或受危害的原因所做的统计表。请据此写一篇英语短文，描述这一情况，分析主要原因，并发表自己的观点，提出合理化建议。

原因	偷猎	栖息地丧失	外来物种	其他原因
野生动物	36%	32%	12%	20%

注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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