1 . Over millions of years， African penguins have developed a keen sense of where to find food． Once they're old enough， they set off from the shores on which they were hatched（孵化） for the first time and swim long distances in search of tasty fish like anchovies and sardines． But they don't search directly for the fish themselves． When African penguins head out to sea， they look for areas with low surface temperatures and high chlorophyll（叶绿素）． Because those conditions signal the presence of algae（藻类）． And lots of algae means lots of plankton（浮游动物）， which in turn means lots of their favorite fish． Well， that's what it used to mean．

Climate change plus overfishing have made the penguin feeding grounds a mirage（海市蜃楼）． The habitat is indeed plankton﹣rich， but now it's fish﹣poor． Researchers call this an "ecological trap．" "It's a situation where you have a signal that previously pointed an animal towards good﹣quality habitat． That habitat has been changed， usually by human pressures． The signal stays， but the quality in the environment gets worse．"

Richard Sherley， a zoologist at the University of Exeter and his team used satellite imaging to track the African penguins from eight sites along southern Africa． Historically， the birds benefited from tons of fish off the coasts of Angola， Namibia and western South Africa， but now they're going hungry．

"I was really hoping we'd see them going east， and finding areas which the fish had moved to but it ends up being quite a sad story for the penguins．" said Richard．

The researchers calculate that by falling into this ecological trap， African penguin populations on South Africa's Western Cape have declined by around 80 percent．

Some research groups are exploring the idea of moving them to a place where they can't get trapped， like the Eastern Cape． But Sherley thinks that a solution in the long run means making and carrying out rules to create more sustainable（可持续的） fishing industry， which needs public support．

1. How do penguins find their food？

A．They discover fish with their keen sense．

B．They swim long distances directly for fish．

C．They make signals to each other when finding fish．

D．They look for warmer and greener areas．

2. What is an ecological trap for the African penguins？

A．A trap set to catch penguins．

B．A good fish habitat with few fish．

C．A habitat rich in plankton．

D．A mirage on the sea．

3. What can be done to help the penguins in the long run？

A．Move the penguins to other places．

B．Create nature reserves for penguins．

C．Keep a balanced fishing industry．

D．Increase the population of penguins．

4. What is the main idea of the passage？

A．African penguins are losing their habitats．

B．African penguins are falling into ecological traps．

C．A sustainable development is needed．

D．African penguin populations have declined．

2 . If you travel, you will leave a carbon footprint in your wake. You can’t help it. But eco-friendly travel practices can lighten the harm on Mother Earth. Green travel is not a passing trend but a lifestyle choice.     1    .

Choosing a green destination

No destination is a Green Giant.     2    . However, some countries and cities show a deep commitment to Earth-friendly policies and practices. When researching a vacation spot, look for places that naturally embrace the green lifestyle.

Choosing green transportation

What makes Mother Earth proud? Seeing you use your own power to get around. Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays.     3    . The greenest rides typically run on electric power. Switzerland is taking the lead with its hybrid buses and trains powered by hydroelectricity; Japan is running close behind.

Choosing a green hotel

Once you are at your destination, if you can get the hotel right, you can make the greatest impact.     4    . Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk. You can also search for hotels approved by respected certification programs, such as Green Key and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.

    5    

The Earth-friendly choices are numerous: You can sail, bike, kayak, bike, swim, bird-watch and play I-spy-a-monkey in a tree. Visit a local food market, and don’t forget to bring a reusable bag for purchases. You can also lend a hand during your holiday. The green movement has changed from how to preserve and protect to how to use less and do good when you’re there.

A．Choosing green travel

B．Choosing green activities

C．Next in line are trains and buses

D．They all make environmental missteps

E．Most major chains operate in-house green program

F．If you plan to drive, consider a fuel-efficient vehicle

G．Follow the tips and watch your footprints turn greener

3 . MIAMI一Florence, currently a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph, is prepared to strengthen to a hurricane” it head，toward the U. S. East Coast, the National Hurricane Center said Friday. Over the next few days, the storm could strengthen as fast as it has weakened and head toward the East Coast as strong as a Category 4 hurricane, CBS New York meteorologist Lonnie Quinn said.

As of 8 p. m. Friday, Florence was located about 1, 405 miles east-southeast of Bermuda. Swells, the storm is affecting Bermuda and is expected to hit the U. S. East Coast over the weekend.

The storm's unpredictable path means it could hit anywhere along the southeastern U. S，Quinn said. With the current data, Quinn said it looked like the storm is most likely to hit North or South Carolina.

On Friday, North Carolina Gov. Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency. "While it's still too early to know the storm's path, we know we have to be prepared," Cooper said in: news release, CBS Raleigh affiliate WNCN reports "During harvest, time is of the essence. Action today can avoid losses due to Florence."

"Depending on the strength of the storm at that time, such a landfall could have sever consequences in teens of wind damage, coastal storm surge and inland flooding from torrential rainfall. The flood risk would be even higher for areas in the eastern U. S. that have seen rounds of heavy rain in recent weeks." said by Lonnie Quinn.

Improving atmospheric conditions were expected to allow Florence to regain its former strength. The storm reached major hurricane status Wednesday, peaking with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph.

1. Where is this passage most probably taken from?

A．Newspaper.	B．Magazine.
C．Science report.	D．Weather broadcast.

2. What can we infer from the passage?

A．The tropical storm in Florence will disappear over the next few days.

B．The storm will hit the U. S. West Coast over the weekend.

C．The storm won't cause any losses to Florence.

D．The path of the storm is unknown in advance.

3. What does Cooper suggest people do?

A．Stay alarmed all the time

B．Make everything ready for the coming hurricane.

C．Delay the time of harvest.

D．Abandon their home and run away.

4. What may be the most severe consequences caused by the storm?

A．A .Wind damage.	B．B. Coastal rat storm.
C．C. Inland flood.	D．D. Landslide.

4 . A new study shows that rising levels of planet-warming gases may reduce important nutrients(营养物质)in food crops

Researchers studied the effects of carbon dioxide on rice. In the experiment， scientists grew 18 kinds of rice in fields in China and Japan.They set carbon dioxide levels to what scientists are predicting for our planet by the end of the century.Rice grown under high carbon dioxide conditions had，on average，13 to 30 percent lower levels of four B vitamins and 10 percent less protein(蛋白质)The crops also had 8 percent less iron and 5 percent less zinc than rice grown under normal conditions. However, vitamin E levels increased by about 13 percent on average.

The researchers said the effects of planet-warming gases would be most severe for the poorest citizens in some of the least developed countries.These people generally eat the most rice and have the least complex diets.That includes about 600 million people in Indonesia， Cambodia，Myanmar，Bangladesh，Laos and other nations，mainly in Southeast Asia.

Other studies have shown that higher temperatures from climate change and weather extremes will reduce food production.But scientists are finding that rising levels of carbon dioxide and other planet-warming gases threaten food quality.

Earlier studies showed that wheat，rice，field peas and soybeans grown under high carbon dioxide conditions all had lower levels of protein and minerals.Scientists predicted that almost 150 million people might be at risk of having too little protein or zinc in their diet by 2050.

The new study suggests a way to lower the nutritional harm of climate change.That is to grow different forms of rice that can adapt to higher carbon dioxide levels.

1. Growing rice under high carbon dioxide conditions may____.

A．increase iron in the rice	B．make it more delicious
C．cause losses of Vitamin E	D．make it less nutritious

2. How can people reduce the nutritional harm of climate change？

A．By importing rice from China and Japan.

B．By taking other kinds of food instead of rice.

C．By avoiding eating rice from Southeast Asia.

D．By growing rice suitable for the environment.

3. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text？

A．To inform readers what nutrients food crops contain.

B．To call on people to care for the planet they live on.

C．To share the results of some studies on people’s diets.

D．To tell readers where food crops are mainly produced.

4. In which part of a magazine can you read the text？

A．Advertisements.	B．Arts and culture.
C．Science report.	D．Business news.

5 . Throughout high school, I failed to volunteer as much as I had wanted. As a college student, I am still busy with maintaining my grades and staying involved in my school’s community, but I decided to get out of my comfort zone and volunteer for America Recycles Day. And this turned out to be an awesome experience.

The organization Ouachita Green put together this event, which allowed people from the Monroe area of Louisiana to bring in their recyclables, free of charge. Unfortunately, Louisiana is lacking in environmentally-friendly initiatives(倡议) so recycling is not offered to most people in our community. In contrast, it is required by law to recycle back in my home New Jersey. This truth astonished me, but more importantly, it encouraged me to seek change.

I meant to make a difference. Through joint efforts, my classmates and I ended up starting the Green Club at the University of Louisiana. It focuses on creating a green attitude within the university and the greater Monroe area. While working on it, I met a group of ambitious high school students, who shared the same concern about the environment as us. While talking, we decided that working together would benefit not only the organizations at our schools, but also the community as a whole. If we let the community know we are serious, there is an even better chance that we will succeed and influence others.

If you are hesitant to volunteer or help out with an event in your community, my recommendation is to go ahead and do it. Even if it may be out of your comfort zone, it is important to put yourself out there. At the end of the day, you miss all of the shots you don’t take.

1. What surprised the author greatly?

A．Louisiana’s lack of environmental laws.

B．Louisiana’s limited access to recycling.

C．New Jersey’s legal requirement of recycling.

D．New Jersey’s great advantage over Louisiana.

2. The Green Club is intended to ________.

A．offer part-time jobs for high school students

B．appeal for an environmentally-friendly lifestyle

C．make university life in the Monroe area colorful

D．help with community events in the Monroe area

3. What did the high school students and the author agree on?

A．The need to co-operate.	B．The importance of recycling.
C．The possibility to succeed.	D．The drawbacks of seriousness.

4. The author suggests the potential volunteers ________.

A．praise themselves	B．force themselves
C．believe themselves	D．challenge themselves

6 . 假定你是某国际学校的学生李华，你校即将开展“绿色校园”活动，现在向学生公开征集活动方案。请你向负责该活动的老师Smith先生写信，提出你的建议和想法。要点如下：
1.活动形式及内容；
2.注意事项；
3.其它。
注意：1.词数100左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

Dear Smith,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

7 . Drive through any suburb in the U.S. Today, and it’s hard to miss the recycling bins that have become companions to America’s trash cans. Recycling has become common, as people recognize the need to care for the environment. Yet most people’s recycling consciousness extends only as far as paper, bottles, and cans. People seldom find themselves facing the growing problem of e-waste.

E-waste rapidly increases as the techno- fashionable frequently upgrade to the most advanced devices, and the majority of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地). Some people who track such waste say that users throw away nearly 2 million tons of TVs, VCRs, computers, cell phones, and other electronics every year. Unless we can find a safe replacement, this e-waste may get into the ground and poison the water with dangerous toxins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic. Burning the waste also dangerously contaminates the air.

However, e-waste often contains reusable silver, gold, and other electrical materials. Recycling these materials reduces environmental problems by reducing both landfill waste and the need to look for such metals, which can destroy ecosystems.

A growing number of states have adopted laws to ban dumping e-waste. Still, less than a quarter of this waste will reach lawful recycling programs. Some companies advertising safe disposal in fact merely ship the waste to some developing countries, where it still ends up in landfills. These organizations prevent progress by unsafely disposing of waste in an out- of- sight, out- of- mind location.

However, the small but growing number of cities and corporations that do handle e- waste responsibly represents progress toward making the world a cleaner, better place for us all.

1. What can we infer from the first paragraph?

A．Many Americans now have access to recycling bins.

B．E-waste cannot be put into trash cans in the U.S.

C．Most Americans have realized the dangers of e-waste.

D．Most of America’s trash cans are made of recycled material.

2. What can best replace the underlined word “contaminates” in Paragraph 2?

A．pollutes.	B．heats.
C．absorbs.	D．reduces.

3. How does the author feel about burying e-waste in landfills?

A．It’s important.	B．It’s unsafe.
C．It’s acceptable.	D．It’s uncommon.

4. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?

A．To tell us how to recycle e-waste.

B．To talk about the future of e-waste.

C．To discuss if it’s necessary to recycle e-waste.

D．To encourage us to deal with e-waste properly.

8 . Ethiopia’s eastern lowlands bordering Somalia are suffering through a severe drought. The rainy season was late and not enough, causing great losses among local livestock herds. Coming on the heels of two previous dry years in Ethiopia, the drought of 2017 compounded already serious situation in the country. As a result, many families in the country’s Somali region are experiencing chronic (长期的) food insecurity and concerning rates of a lack of nutrition.

The United States, Ethiopia’s largest donor of emergency and development aid, continues to deliver a large-scale humanitarian response. In late August, USAID Administrator Mark Green announced that in order to help relieve the terrible humanitarian situation, the United States will deliver 91 million dollars in additional humanitarian assistance for those Ethiopians who are even now struggling with severe food insecurity and malnutrition (营养不良).

“This funding will provide additional emergency food assistance and vital medical care,” he said.

A day earlier, Mr. Green announced that Ethiopia had been chosen as one of a dozen countries that will participate in the second period of the Feed the Future Initiative. This 7-year old program aims to reduce global hunger, poverty, and under-nutrition by focusing on smallholder farmers, increasing investments in agriculture, and supporting country-owned plans for improving food security and nutrition while creating opportunities for economic growth and trade. In this way, the United States hopes to help strengthen Ethiopia’s resilience (恢复力) to climatic shocks.

I don’t view development in humanitarian assistance as a gift or a handout. I view it as a hand up. We want to help people stand on their own two feet and build their own brighter futures, and that’s what I hope our assistance can play a useful role in.” said USAID Administrator Green.

1. What does the underlined word “compounded” in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Mixed.	B．Changed.
C．Formed.	D．Worsened.

2. What is the purpose of the Feed the Future Initiative?

A．To help build Ethiopian brighter futures.

B．To deliver humanitarian assistance to Ethiopia.

C．To reduce hunger, poverty mid under-nutrition worldwide.

D．To help strengthen global resilience to severe droughts.

3. What can be learned according to the text?

A．USAID is expected to help Ethiopians build brighter futures.

B．The United States will send 91 billion dollars to Ethiopia.

C．USAID is considered as a handout by Administrator Green.

D．Ethiopians are now suffering no nutrition.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．The Feed the Future Initiative Program

B．More US Humanitarian Aid for Ethiopia

C．Severe Droughts in Ethiopia

D．Food Insecurity and Malnutrition in Ethiopia

9 . Trapped under six stories of ruins after the Haiti earthquake leveled his hotel, Dan Woolley believed he was going to die. But rather than give in to despair, the film-maker spent 65 hours beneath the earth looking up ways t treat his injuries on his iPhone. He also wrote a moving diary for his family, thinking they would only read his last message of love and comfort after his death. Instead, he was pulled from the disaster after a week-and will soon be reunited with his family.

Mr. Woolley had travelled from America to Haiti with his colleague David Hames. Both had been working for charity. He was in the entrance-hall when the earthquake struck and just had time to dive into a comer before the building fell. Buried under tons of ruins, the film-maker downloaded a first aid application to his iPhone. He used the light from the iPhone to show him his injuries and diagnosed it properly as a broken leg. Then, he used the instructions from the app to treat the serious bleeding. The app advised him not to go to sleep if he felt he was going into shock. The resourceful Mr. Woolley set his phone alarm to go off every 20 minutes to keep him awake. New technology has played a huge part.

Mr. Woolley used a small black notebook to write messages to his family. He had thought his relatives would read them after he was dead. “I was in a big accident. Don’t be upset at God,” he wrote, “I’m still praying that God will get me out, but He may not. But He will always take care of you.”

Mr. Woolley was eventually located by a French rescue team and removed to the U.S. where he was reunited with his wife. Speaking after being flown to Miami for surgery, he said, “Boy, I cried. I wanted to use that time to do everything I could for my family. If it could be just to leave some notes that would help them in life, I would do that.”

He is now looking forward to seeing his family.

1. In the diary, Mr. Woolley noted his family.

A．he was looking for ways to survive

B．his iPhone was more than useful

C．he wanted to do something for his family

D．this might be his last messages of love

2. Which of the following statements is not wrong?

A．Woolley was confident that he would survive.

B．Woolley was making a film when the earthquake broke out.

C．Woolley is now reconvening in a Haiti hospital.

D．Woolley tried to stay conscious under the ruins.

3. What is the most important factor in Woolley’s survival?

A．His beloved family.	B．The high technology.
C．His strong will.	D．The French rescue team.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．A Large Earthquake Hit Haiti

B．Strong Will Saved Woolley

C．A Man Used an iPhone to Survive

D．Nothing Is More Important than Family

10 . At most schools, “going green” means generating less trash or making an attempt to recycle. But at New York’s Riverdale Country School, it means being encouraged to run and even jump in the hallway. That’s because the school was the first to install the specially-designed Pavegen floor tiles in America.

The tiles use kinetic energy (动能) expanded by the kids and transform it into electricity that can be used to power classroom lights, science projects and charge electronic devices. The first US installation of Pavegen tiles near the school’s student center is thanks to 14-year-old Zach Halem, who managed to convince the officials to purchase them.

Besides providing fun green energy, the tiles also serve as a learning tool. Every time a student steps on one, a brightly-lit LED board provides instant feedback (反馈信息) on how much energy was generated. Depending on the force, every step results in between one to seven watts — enough power to light an LED street lamp for about 30 seconds.

Made largely from rubber and other recycled materials the tiles are invented by the 26-year-old British industrial designer Laurence Kembell-Cook. While new to the US, they have been installed in numerous places in Europe, ranging from a London underground station to a marathon track in Paris. However, it was not until Pavegen started getting popular in London schools that Laurence realized that his invention not only saved energy, but was also fun!

Though the young inventor will not give too many details about the technology behind this green tile, he says that it is very different from other kinetic energy harvesting systems.

Whatever the secret, let’s hope more US schools decide to install these fun tiles. In fact, why stop at schools? These tiles could be installed everywhere, from sidewalks to homes. Then we could all be “green” and have fun! Who knew that was even possible?

1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?

A．American students are encouraged to run and jump as much as possible.

B．“Going green” means generating less trash or making an attempt to recycle.

C．New York’s Riverdale Country School took a different way to go green.

D．New York’s Riverdale Country School is the first US school to try new ways to go green.

2. Which of the following statements is TRUE about Laurence Kembell-Cook?

A．His original motive to invent the Pavegen tiles was to save energy.

B．He believed his invention would be popular with students.

C．He keeps all the technology behind this green tile a secret.

D．He persuaded the school to install Pavegen tiles.

3. Which part of a website is the passage probably taken from?

A．Science.

B．Architecture.

C．Education.

D．Agriculture.