1. 野生动物面临的现状；
2. 应采取的措施。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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Under the influence of the recent EL Nino,
The extinction of the Chinese paddle-fish (白鲟) and wild Yangtze sturgeon (野生长江鲟鱼),
The IUCN’s latest list of threatened species showed that 100% of the world’s remaining 26 sturgeon species are now at risk of extinction, up from 85% in 2009. “The assessment, based on new calculations, shows their decline over the past three generations is
The Chinese paddle-fish was one of
4 . According to a recent report, in the US alone, 27 million tons of plastic ended up in landfills in 2018, but only 3.1 million tons were recycled. Worldwide the numbers are similarly bad, with just 9% of plastic being recycled. The statistics (统计数字) are even worse for certain types of plastic. For example, out of 80,000 tons of polystyrene (聚苯乙烯) containers produced in the United States, only a small amount (less than 5,000 tons) was recycled.
Now, researchers at The University of Queensland have found a species of worm with a taste for polystyrene could be the key to plastic recycling. The superworm can eat through polystyrene, thanks to a bacterial enzyme in their gut. To study how superworms react to purely plastic food, researchers broke up 135 of the creatures into three teams: one was fed only wheat bran, another was fed only plastics, and the third was given nothing.
“We found the bran-fed worms have been significantly healthier than the plastic-fed or hungry worms, more than doubling their weight over the three weeks they have been observed. Though the plastic-fed worms made less impressive gains, they still put on more weight than the hungry worms,” Dr. Rinke said. “This suggests the worms can get energy from plastics, most likely with the help of their gut microbes (微生物).”
Researchers used a technique called metagenomics to find several encoded enzymes with the ability to reduce polystyrene. The long-term goal is to engineer enzymes to reduce plastic waste in recycling plants.
“Superworms are like mini recycling plants, eating the polystyrene and then feeding it to the bacteria in their gut,” Dr. Rinke said. It’s hoped this bio-upcycling will promote plastic waste recycling and reduce landfills. Researchers said they aim to grow the gut bacteria in the lab and further test its ability to reduce polystyrene. Then they can look into how to improve this process to a level required for an entire recycling plant.
1. What problem do the statistics in paragraph 1 indicate?| A．Landfills are poorly managed. |
| B．Plastics are recycled at a very low rate. |
| C．Many plastic containers are of poor quality. |
| D．It takes a long time for plastic waste to break up. |
| A．By collecting data. | B．By making a comparison. |
| C．By introducing a concept. | D．By referring to a previous study. |
| A．Plastic-fed worms had a decline in weight. |
| B．Superworms showed little interest in wheat bran. |
| C．Superworms could survive on only eating polystyrene. |
| D．Bran-fed worms had a longer lifespan than plastic-fed worms. |
| A．Conduct experiments on other worm species. |
| B．Improve gut bacteria’s ability to reduce plastics. |
| C．Apply the bio-upcycling technology to recycling plants. |
| D．Raise superworms in a big way to solve plastic pollution. |
1. 简要介绍植树节；
2. 说明树木的重要性；
3. 呼吁履行植树义务。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Planting Trees for our Future
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6 . In a county of Britain, a pair of pig farmers has managed to feed one million bees by turning over half of their land to wildflowers. Four years ago, brothers Mark and Paul Hayward decided to fill 81 acres of their farm land with wildflowers. This week, a study found they were feeding one million bees at any time.
“This was our target when we started, to, grow enough flowers to feed a million bees on a single day.” Mark said. “We are acutely aware that bees are under threat from modern farming methods and that East England is one of the worst places where bees are seriously suffering from lack of wildflower diversity,” he continued.
“Every third bite of food you eat can come from bees and we wanted to create an operation on our farm that did not push nature out but rather hugged it-as a central part of our ecology system and our food cycle,” he said.
The farm uses all kinds of seeds which can produce many different wild plants and of course, the bees can get food from different wildflowers.
“We are taking a very small role in helping society restore a balance and this starts with plant diversity to encourage insects, bees, small mammals(哺乳动物), and birds,” said Paul. “At the end of the day, we see ourselves as caretakers of this land. Between us we have six children and we owe it to them to farm sustainability(持续性)and set an example for the generations to come,” added Paul.
According to the Bee Conservation Trust, many types of bees have seen their populations decline by 70%, and two species have become extinct in the last century.
Gill Perkins, CEO of the Bee Conservation Trust said, “Thanks to Mark and Paul, at least here, a million bees can keep living, which is of great significance for ourselves now and future.”
1. What can we know about the brothers from the first two paragraphs?| A．They have about 160 acres of land. |
| B．They grow wild flowers for pigs. |
| C．They are not good at growing wild flowers. |
| D．They have to support 1, 000, 000 bees in their land. |
| A．There is a shortage of water for bees. |
| B．Bees are not used to the modern society. |
| C．There are too many animals eating bees. |
| D．Bees can not find different wild flowers. |
| A．Opposed. | B．Doubtful. |
| C．Supportive. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．The Bees are in Danger Now |
| B．Two Brothers Feed a Million Bees |
| C．Only one Million Bees are Surviving in East England |
| D．Two Brothers Love Wild Flowers in East England |
7 . Bioluminescence (生物发光) is a natural phenomenon wherein a chemical reaction within an organism’s body produces light. It can be found in many places in nature — fireflies, some mushrooms — but mostly in the deep sea.
Recently, Rambouillet, a small historic French town, has teamed up with a company called Glowee to turn the city into a full-scale bioluminescence laboratory. The goal is to change the way in which cities use light. The company uses marine (海的) bacteria harvested from the coast of France. It makes some of the town’s public light up in the cool blue of bioluminescence.
These bioluminescent bacteria are stored in a seawater filled tube, giving the bacteria room to float around and light up. The light provided by the bacteria is part of their natural metabolism, so producing the light requires no energy other than that which is needed to feed the organisms. This makes it much more environmentally friendly and sustainable than electric light, which consumes a huge amount of non-renewable energy.
“On the way to lighting up the world with bioluminescence, you have to feed the bacteria and add water as they grow. That’s not so easy. The phenomenon will be very temperature-dependent and I doubt that it will work in the winter. Also, bioluminescence is not very bright compared to electrical lighting, though they have improved the light intensity,” Carl Johnson, a professor from Vanderbilt University said.
One potential solution to these issues — and one that Glowee is looking into — is to remove the biological aspect of the whole process. Theoretically, luciferase (荧光素酶) can be removed from the bacteria and used to create light instead of the bacteria itself. Because luciferase is non-living, it doesn’t need to be fed. Creating new means of sustainable lighting is a way of being environmentally friendly without plunging the earth back into darkness.
1. What do we know about Glowee?| A．It is an ancient laboratory in France. |
| B．It solves power shortages in coastal cities. |
| C．It adopts bioluminescence as a light source. |
| D．It feeds marine organisms to produce chemicals. |
| A．The reasons for energy waste. |
| B．The advantages of the marine bacteria as light. |
| C．The living conditions of the bioluminescent bacteria. |
| D．The difficulties of storing bioluminescent organisms. |
| A．The bacteria work more efficiently under low temperatures. |
| B．It will cost too much to improve the luminescence intensity. |
| C．The application of bioluminescence enjoys a bright prospect. |
| D．The development of bioluminescence faces many challenges. |
| A．A Historic Town Lit up by Nature |
| B．The First Zero-carbon City in the World |
| C．A Reform of Producing Electricity in Cities |
| D．The Discovery of Luciferase in Marine Bacteria |
1. 上海率先实行；
2. 垃圾须分四类(干、湿、可循环、有害) ；
3. 公众反应。
参考词汇：垃圾分类 trash sorting; 可循环垃圾 recyclable waste
注意：1.词数 100 左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Eli,
Having heard that you are interested in
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Yours
Li Hua
1.环境的变化；
2.所采取的措施；
3.个人感受。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Jack,
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Yours,
Li Hua
