1 . The endangered pandas in the Qinling Mountains might face a new threat: the loss of their food, bamboo, which makes up 99% of their meals.
Adult pandas spend most part of the day eating bamboo and have to take in at least 40 pounds a day to stay healthy. However, a new study published in Nature Climate Change warned that they may soon find their food gone because most of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains might disappear by the end of the century as a result of rising temperature worldwide.
A team made up of researchers from Michigan State University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences has studied the effects of climate change on the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains. They have found that bamboo is very sensitive to climate changes. “80% to 100% of the bamboo would be gone if the average temperature rises 3.5 degrees worldwide by the end of the century,” said Liu Jianguo, one of the report’s authors.
He added, “This is how much the temperature would rise by 2100 even if all countries will keep their promises in the Paris Agreement. But you know what is happening all around the world.”
In recent years, China has been trying its best to protect the endangered pandas by setting up more and bigger natural reserves.
“But it is far from enough and the endangered pandas need cooperation from the rest of the world, because their future is not just in the hands of the Chinese,” said Shirley Martin from the World Wildlife Fund but not a member of the team.
The Qinling Mountains, in the southwest of China, are home to about 260 pandas. That is about 13% of China’s wild panda population. In addition, about 375 are living in research centers and zoos in China.
1. How many wild pandas are there in China?A.About 260. | B.About 635. |
C.About 2,635. | D.About 2,000. |
A.China needs more help from the World Wildlife Fund. |
B.It is difficult to control the temperature rise within 3.5℃. |
C.Bamboo is sensitive to the changes of temperature. |
D.China is making great efforts to protect the pandas. |
A.The Qinling Mountains can provide enough bamboo for the pandas. |
B.Pandas in the Qinling Mountains are only threatened by the loss of food. |
C.Lots of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains will probably disappear. |
D.Pandas have already eaten 99% of the bamboo in the Qinling Mountains. |
A.The Disappearance of Bamboo |
B.Necessity to Change Pandas’ Food |
C.A New Threat Faced by the Pandas |
D.Efforts Made to Save Pandas |
2 . Michael Gonsalves, a chef of Golden Oak at Disney World, has a cuisine concept rooted in fresh, locally-sourced ingredients that originated from childhood harvesting produce from their family garden with his mom to eventually leading kitchens at Walt Disney World Resorts to employ a sustainable model.
“Truly the whole process starts with menu planning,” he said. Creating one dish leads into the creation of many more through the end-to-end use of products. As chefs, they are always searching for the best ingredients. It is then their focus to ensure they appreciate and respect all that go into each and every one of them. For example, they source chicken that is naturally grown and fed on a natural plant forward diet, no hormones (激素) or additives — that’s used in many ways throughout menus from a simple grilled chicken breast to bone soup. Nothing goes to waste.
When they do have waste, even if minimal, they shift it from landfills to transform it into compost (堆肥) that’s then used across the Walt Disney World property. They also support Second Harvest, a local community food bank where healthy produce, prepared, but not served, meals eatable for human consumption are donated. Disney also works with pig farmers when they can’t distribute foods past the point of safety for human consumption. Besides, wildlife reservations love to get the meat because tigers and wild cats can still eat that.
Their operations are “on a path to a sustainable zero waste kitchen of tomorrow” where chefs learn the full-life cycle of plants from seed to plate and gain a better understanding and appreciation for the product and their craft.
Golden Oak at Disney has millions of bees that produce up to 300 pounds of honey per year, plus those bees help with cross pollination (授粉) of their gardens on a daily basis. They advocate a culture that helps develop not only the quality of food, but an appreciation for nature.
1. Where did Michael Gonsalves’ idea about cuisine come from?A.His mom’s suggestions. | B.His dream of becoming a chef. |
C.His interest in delicious food. | D.His labor experience as a child. |
A.They are grilled to eat. | B.They are used to the fullest. |
C.They are divided into groups. | D.They are selected by quality. |
A.Give examples about zero waste. |
B.Introduce the unique habit of wildlife. |
C.Stress the importance of natural food. |
D.Explain the operation mode of the food bank. |
A.Disney World:New Cuisine Road |
B.Michael Gonsalves:Creative Chef |
C.Michael Gonsalves:Advocate of Food Diversity |
D.Disney World:Pioneer in Environmental Protection |
3 . When Nihal was eight years old, he went to visit his grandparents who lived near the Krisha river. He saw people
Nihal has always been
Then, Nihal did more research into battery
So far, more than 1.5 million people have
Nihal, now only 12 years old, has been struggling for three years to
A.pushing | B.settling | C.hiding | D.throwing |
A.agreed | B.existed | C.appeared | D.acted |
A.attracted | B.confused | C.touched | D.delighted |
A.donation | B.prediction | C.conclusion | D.consideration |
A.Moreover | B.However | C.Instead | D.Besides |
A.caused | B.burnt | C.lighted | D.set |
A.curious | B.shocked | C.proud | D.cautious |
A.allow | B.treasure | C.order | D.ignore |
A.broke down | B.stuck out | C.came about | D.got around |
A.distributions | B.bursts | C.expenses | D.restrictions |
A.concerns | B.doubts | C.connection | D.patience |
A.version | B.course | C.pace | D.way |
A.restore | B.collect | C.rent | D.purchase |
A.tirelessly | B.gratefully | C.sincerely | D.curiously |
A.brand-new | B.energy-consuming | C.second-hand | D.home-made |
A.rebuild | B.expand | C.support | D.establish |
A.thrown light on | B.broken away from | C.signed up for | D.come up with |
A.necessity | B.capacity | C.decision | D.creation |
A.measure | B.recycle | C.clear | D.investigate |
A.assessment | B.awareness | C.advertisement | D.protection |
4 . Garbage sorting (分类) has become a hot topic around China, especially after Shanghai began carrying out a regulation (规章) on July 1.
Beijing has been expected to do the same. At present the regulation gives garbage sorting responsibilities to government departments, property management groups and other organizations. It also gives rules for companies, explaining how they’re responsible for waste collection, transportation and treatment. Citizens are free of responsibilities for the moment.
The long-awaited revision will soon change the situation. “Taking out the trash without sorting it properly will be illegal,” said Sun Xinjun, director of the Beijing Commission of Urban Management. In Shanghai, violators (违背者) are now fined up to 200 yuan for trash-sorting violations. “The maximum fine in Beijing will not be less than that,” he said.
The Beijing city government first promoted garbage sorting in 2009. Authorities have since called on citizens to sort their household waste into four types—recyclable waste, kitchen trash, dangerous waste and others , and leave it in a colored dustbin or trash can. Blue-colored dustbins are for recyclable items, green for kitchen trash, red for dangerous materials and grey for other waste.
To promote the awareness of garbage sorting and expand the base of participants, authorities have employed workers to help citizens. With intelligent devices, those who throw in recyclable waste at given places will be rewarded with bonus points, which can be used to buy daily goods. At some communities, there are no color-coded dustbins. Instead, a scheduled garbage collection service is offered to help improve the environment. In other communities, workers offer a door-to-door service to collect recyclable or kitchen waste.
Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group has been promoting new garbage sorting facilities such as recycling cabinets and smart kitchen waste trash cans since 2016, Xinhua News Agency reported.
1. Which of the following shouldn’t be thrown into a blue dustbin?A.Coke cans. | B.Thrown-away batteries. |
C.Used books. | D.Broken iron pots. |
A.citizens are not responsible for garbage sorting in Beijing now |
B.recyclable waste like newspapers should be thrown in green dustbins. |
C.people sorting recyclable waste will be rewarded in Beijing |
D.Shanghai carried out garbage sorting later than Beijing |
A.An Example in Garbage Sorting in Shanghai |
B.Action to Be Taken to Sort Garbage in Shanghai |
C.New Garbage Sorting Regulation in Beijing |
D.Present Garbage Collection in Beijing |
A.A fashion magazine. | B.A science book. |
C.A newspaper. | D.A government report. |
5 . The effect of climate change extends beyond ruining Earth’s environment and our physical safety. A report published this week suggests that climate change has a negative effect on our mental health, too.
The study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States(PNAS), links an increase in monthly temperatures to a rise in mental health issues. The experimental evidence stems from meteorological (气象的) data paired with information collected from nearly 2 million randomly sampled residents in the United States. The data was collected over the span (跨度) of a decade.
“We find that experiences with hotter temperatures and added rainfall each worsen mental health, that long-lasting warming associates with an increased popularity of mental health issues, and that exposure to tropical cyclones(热带气旋), likely to increase in frequency in the future, is linked to worsened mental health,” authors of the study stated. “These results provide added large-scale evidence to the growing link between climate change and mental health.”
The report specifically focused on mental health outcomes due to the effects of environmental stress - such as temperature, rainfall, and tropical cyclones - but other climate change-related issues are likely to affect mental health as well - specifically, the stress and anxiety of knowing natural disasters could be more frequent as temperatures rise.
1. From the newly-published report, we learn that the climate change may _________.A.save a lot of people’s lives |
B.cause unbelievable disasters |
C.influence people’s mental health |
D.greatly change people’s life styles |
A.To stress the importance of the study. |
B.To show that the study cost too much money. |
C.To explain the difficulties and hardships of the study. |
D.to indicate that the study is objective and believable. |
A.In Paragraph 1 | B.In Paragraph 2 |
C.In Paragraph 3 | D.In Paragraph 4 |
A.The study has its limits. |
B.The results of the study aren’t satisfactory. |
C.The environmental problems can’t be solved. |
D.Mental health is determined by climate change. |
6 . In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways to reduce my carbon footprint on the planet. A carbon footprint is the measure of influence our activities have on the environment, in particular climate change. It is calculated by the amount of greenhouse gas we produce in our daily lives. Fortunately, nowadays it is much easier to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices than, let’s say, 20 years ago. But one question has been on my mind a lot lately: is it better to buy new eco-friendly products or used traditionally produced goods?
After doing some research, I have decided that some things are better new and others are better used. Let me try to explain.
A carbon footprint is made up of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. The primary footprint is a measure of our direct emissions(排放)of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the burning of fuels, including household energy consumption and transportation. The secondary footprint is a measure of the indirect CO2 emissions from the whole life cycle of products we use-those related to their production and breakdown.
Based on this understanding, we have a good deal of control and responsibility over our carbon footprint. Things like dishes, clothes and furniture fall into the “secondary footprint” group, so less is more and we can focus on finding used goods to avoid the added production. However, for the car and the other appliances(设备) that we need we can go with new, energy-saving models. I heard somewhere that electronics and appliances give off 90% of their carbon footprint after they leave the factory. So it seems most reasonable to go for the energy-saving models. The main concern here is the amount of energy that goes into the making of new products and whether or not that extra carbon is worth the footprint the product will make once it gets to you.
1. What is the text mainly about?A.How to make eco-friendly lifestyle choices. |
B.What a carbon footprint means in our life. |
C.How to identify different carbon footprints. |
D.What appliances to buy to save energy. |
A.It is related to our consumption of fuels. |
B.It is counted as ours though not directly made by us. |
C.It is less harmful than the primary carbon footprint. |
D.It is made when we are buying the products. |
A.Buying new but cheap clothes. |
B.Using old and expensive cars. |
C.Using second-hand textbooks. |
D.Buying new wooden furniture. |
7 . Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, vol-canoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all natural disasters.
The earthquake of 26 December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a massive underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami (海啸) to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world gave money to help the people survive.
The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously (although very slowly) and has done so for billions of years. This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.
All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year,but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earth’s history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid (小行星) impacts (撞击). About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause massive destruction (including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages) and sometimes to kill entire species. Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earth’s species were killed by such a disaster,including all the dinosaurs (恐龙). Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.
1. What did the world do when the tsunami occurred in the Indian Ocean?A.They gave away money to the beggars. |
B.They sponsored to help the people survive. |
C.They donated their art works to the survivors. |
D.They helped rebuild the coastlines and communities. |
A.The possible time. |
B.The possible climate. |
C.The possible place. |
D.The possible frequence. |
A.What do earthquakes destroy? |
B.Why do earthquakes happen? |
C.How can we prevent earthquakes? |
D.Which is the most dangerous natural disaster? |
A.Space. |
B.Earth. |
C.Humans. |
D.Wild animals. |
8 . The deaths of 27 firefighters and three local residents who were engulfed by a burst of explosive fire on April 1st 2019 in Southwest China’s Sichuan province have touched people’s hearts.
Yet while mourning the dead, we should not ignore the fact that lessons need to be learned from the tragedy and that it is necessary to find out whether there was any mistake in directing the firefighting efforts that contributed to the loss of so many lives.
Of course, the bravery of the firefighters and local residents is worth our admiration and there is reason enough to regard them as heroes. However, if the authorities had taken into consideration a number of what-ifs before sending the firefighters into the forest, their lives might have been spared and their efforts might have been more effective.
Plans should have been made to deal with any contingency(意外). At an altitude of 3,800 meters, in which direction the wind blows is a factor that has to be taken into account, along with what might happen if it should suddenly change direction. And since the mountain is very rough and there is hardly any access to the forest where the fire broke out, there should have been a clear plan for how the firefighters would retreat if necessary.
Thus, it is necessary for the local governments and relevant experts to discuss what lessons can be learned from this tragedy and what kind of plans should be made for fighting forest fires in different places.
With little rain for nearly six months in many parts of the country, most parts of North China face the risk of forest fires. And with the greater frequency of extreme weather conditions because of climate change, the importance of preparations cannot be overemphasized.
The professional training of firefighters should be increased and more advanced equipment should be provided. This would not just upgrade the efficiency of fighting forest fires but it would also protect the lives of firefighters.
1. Which is not the possible reason that caused the deaths of the thirty firefighters and local residents?A.The authorities hadn’t made full preparations before sending the firefighters into the forest. |
B.The firefighters may not have made careful plans to deal with any contingency. |
C.There has been little rain in many parts of the country for six months. |
D.There may have been mistakes in directing the firefighting. |
A.You cannot emphasize the importance of preparations too much. |
B.The importance of preparations has been overemphasized. |
C.You should not overemphasize the importance of preparation. |
D.The importance of preparations has been emphasized enough. |
A.Extreme weather conditions |
B.Dry climate with little rain |
C.Rough mountains |
D.Strong wind |
A.Supportive | B.Dissatisfied |
C.Approval | D.Ambiguous |
9 . Mr. Fang is now the owner of 36 greenhouses producing organic vegetables in the Gobi desert in Northwest China’s Gansu province. He is one of the beneficiaries of the Gobi Farming Program of Gansu province that is building rows of greenhouses in the desert to help transform local farming and alleviate poverty.
Grain production in Gansu is greatly affected by the climate and the output is unstable. Agricultural production there relies heavily on rivers, oases and groundwater irrigation. If traditional extensive agricultural production continued, it could gradually narrow the living space.
In 1995, a local entrepreneur ventured to use Israeli technologies to build greenhouses for vegetables growing in the desert. Such individual pilot projects encouraged the Gansu government to launch a provincial-level Gobi farming program in 2017 with a target to build up a controlled-environment agriculture of about 20,000 hectares by 2022. Some cities in the province, which include Fang’s village, have already been experimenting with Gobi farming for several years.
Despite the harsh environment, farming in the Gobi desert has its advantages: the extended amount of sunlight provides adequate energy for crops, a significant temperature difference between day and night helps crops accumulate nutrients and the Gobi’s hot and dry air means fewer pests and crop diseases. The Gobi greenhouses popping up in Gansu use drip and spray irrigation, which can cut water consumption by almost 50 percent compared to a normal farm. The greenhouses are also eco-friendly, as they use substrates for soilless cultivation recycled from rotten leaves, straw and cow and sheep feces.
With the greenhouses, Fang earns around 70,000 yuan annually. Data from Suzhou. district of Jiuquan showed the greenhouse program has helped bring an average revenue of about $ 72,300 per hectare to local farmers. Large scale greenhouse farming is an investment-intensive project and cannot be sustained only by government financial support. Therefore, the local government has been encouraging villagers such as Fang to take the lead to rent greenhouses or build their own.
It is not an easy task, and many villagers still want to wait and see. However, more and more are starting to join in, either to rum their own greenhouses or work as hired workers for greenhouse owners. Starting from managing four greenhouses in 2009, Fang now is also a partner of a greenhouse farming cooperative running 120 greenhouses.
The relatively low cost of large-scale land use in the Gobi desert have also encouraged large firms to start their Gobi farming pilot projects in Gansu. If the Gobi farming proves successful, it could provide experiences for countries in Central Asia linked with Gansu both by the ancient Silk Road as well as its modern version of the Belt and Road Initiative.
1. What affects grain production in Gansu most?A.Money. | B.Sunlight. | C.Air | D.Water. |
A.1n 1995. | B.In 2009. | C.In 2017. | D.In 2022. |
A.The harsh environment is good for crops . |
B.At first, Fang only ran four greenhouses. |
C.With the greenhouses, Fang earns around $ 70,000 annually. |
D.Mr. Fang now owns 120 greenhouses producing organic vegetables. |
A.The Belt and Road Initiative |
B.A Great Adventurer — Mr. Fang |
C.The Gobi Farming Program of Gansu |
D.The Advantages of Farming in the Gobi Desert |
10 . They come in all shapes and sizes, in color of golden orange, pale white, and green. Painted, carved, or baked in a pie, pumpkins are cheerful symbols of autumn that are grown in every county of Washington.
U. S. farmers grow more than a billion pounds of pumpkins annually, and many growers use sheets of plastic preventing water loss to make sure that their plants grow well. Nationwide, farmers use about a billion pounds of plastic annually. Unfortunately, that plastic ends up in landfills (填埋场), and in some places, burned in the fields.
For several years, WSU gardener Carol Miles has studied a newer product, soil-biodegradable (可降解的) plastic cover that can be left in the ground after harvest, then broken down by microbes in the soil. “You don’t need to pull it out of the field and take it to the landfill every autumn, saving farmers’ time and money,” Miles said.
Miles wanted to see how pumpkin fruit performed over the plastic. She planted Cinnamon Girl, a type that sets its fruit near the heart of the plant. That brought a challenge: the soil-biodegradable cover stuck to the bottom of the fruit.
“We have a lot of dew (露水) in the morning, and we found that if we let the fruit dry after harvest, the cover would stick to the pumpkins,” Miles said. “Nobody wants plastic stuck to their pumpkin, even if it’s biodegradable. But if you clean the fruit before the dew dries, the plastic easily comes off.”
Farmers who grow pumpkins that don’t set fruit on cover won’t encounter this challenge. For those who do, it means an extra step that they’ll have to weigh against trade-offs for sustainability (持续).
M Challenges aside, working with this crop can bring on a happy outlook,” Tymon said. u Pumpkins are cheery. They’re this bright color, and really fun to work with.”
1. What is the problem with pumpkin growing?A.Few good types. | B.Pollution of waste plastic. |
C.Not enough money and time. | D.Difficulty of growing all shapes. |
A.Easy to use. | B.Cheap to buy. |
C.Good for crops. | D.Environmentally friendly. |
A.Plant them on plastic cover. | B.Plant them without plastic. |
C.Clean them while they’re wet. | D.Cover them tightly with plastic. |
A.Come across. | B.Watch over. | C.Pull through. | D.Cut down. |