Greta Thunberg, a 16-year-old Swedish climate change activist,
In August 2018, tired of the ''refusal'' of world leaders
The teen's act soon spread quickly,
The teenager, who has single-handedly helped bring climate change to the forefront of the global conversation, owes her
Though Thunberg does not have a magical cure for climate change, she
2 . We’re drowning in plastic. If you want to reduce your own contribution to the plastic pollution problem, recycling might seem like an easy solution.
But what happens after you clean out those plastic containers and pour them into a recycling bin? Unfortunately, the outcome isn’t as rosy as many people think; recycling is unlikely to give plastic to-go containers new life. “Of all the waste produced in 2017, only 8.4% of it eventually got recycled. It’s not that consumers aren’t motivated to recycle or that they don’t have ready access to recycling programs; the United States simply doesn’t have the proper facilities (设施),” said John Hocevar, a marine biologist with Greenpeace USA.
A recent report surveyed the United States’ 367 materials recovery facilities—the facilities that sort our recycling—and found only plastic bottles were regularly recycled. The fate of most other types of plastic such as packaging usually ends up being buried or burnt.
Not all plastic is created equal. If you turn over a transparent plastic bottle, like those used to hold water, you’ll notice a number “1” inside a triangular recycling symbol. Non-transparent jugs, like the kind that hold milk, get a “2”. At materials recovery facilities, or MRF’s, plastics get sorted based on these numbers, which indicate how recyclable they are.
Numbers 1 and 2 are relatively recyclable. Recycling gets more difficult with higher numbers, called “mixed plastic”. This waste makes up around 69% of all the plastic we use. It’s much more expensive to process than numbers 1 and 2.
So what the United States needs is facilities equipped to process other kinds of plastic. But Hocevar came up with a different solution: “The really simple answer is that we have to stop making so much throwaway plastic.”
That said, is recycling worth it? For bottles labeled (贴标签) “1” or “2”, the answer is “yes”. There’s also a growing market for plastics labeled “5”. For other numbers, Hocevar’s answer was simple: a resounding (响亮的) “no” on numbers 3, 4, 6 and 7.
1. Which problem is the USA facing according to the text?| A．People don’t know the best way to recycle. |
| B．Ready recycling programs are not accessible. |
| C．People lack awareness about plastic recycling. |
| D．There isn’t suitable equipment for plastic recycling. |
| A．Productive. | B．Promising. |
| C．Unsatisfying. | D．Controversial. |
| A．Whether it is easy to recycle them. |
| B．The recycling technology they need. |
| C．They places where they were produced. |
| D．Which dustbin we should put them into. |
| A．Give up the use of plastic. |
| B．Develop more cheaper facilities. |
| C．Only recycle plastics labeled 1 to 5. |
| D．Reduce the production of mixed plastic. |
There is some good news for the environment. The British government has banned the use of plastic particles (微粒）in cosmetics (化妆品）and other personal care products.
Plastic microbeads or tiny solid plastic particles
Therese Coffey, then the Environment Minister of the UK, said, "The world's seas and oceans are some of our most
4 . If you're one of the millions of Americans now trapped in home because of the COVID-19，it might feel like you're cooking more than you've ever cooked in your entire life. And maybe you' re planning to reduce your home food wastes. A good way of dealing with them is to learn to make compost (堆肥).
Select your food wastes. Start with fruits and vegetables — the skin of a sweet potato，the top of your strawberry. Also tea bags, coffee grounds, old flowers and even eggshells are good raw materials. Store these food wastes in a container so you can add them bit by bit. The container doesn't have to be bought online. It can just be an old milk carton (纸箱) or an old wooden chest —just work with what you have available. Also, you can store the food wastes in a bag in your freezer or fridge. That's an easy way to avoid odors and insects in your kitchen.
The crucial step is to make the compost mix. In the world of composting you're inevitably going to hear about ''the greens and browns''—the two main elements for your mix. ''Greens'' are typically wet food wastes, like fruit and vegetable peelings. They are a crucial part for the growth of organisms (微生物),''Browns" are typically dry and they are more carbon rich like newspapers, dried leaves，and pine needles. A good thing to remember is when you're layering， put the dry browns on the bottom with the wet greens on the top because they allow water and air to flow. That will make sure organisms can do their job.
How long do you have to wait for the compost breakdown? If it's hot, you could get there in two months pretty easy. If it's cold, you could be there in six months, And for every component to break down, it might be a year.
In the end ''your nose knows'' when the compost is ready. It just smells so woody, earthy, sweet or sometimes sour. The smell can tell how well you work at your compost.
1. What is a good solution to your home food wastes?| A．Make a plan and reduce the wastes. |
| B．Collect the picked wastes to make compost. |
| C．Select the wastes and bury them into the earth. |
| D．Pick the wastes and put them in a bag in your fridge. |
| A．Wet ''greens'' |
| B．Dry "browns'' |
| C．Carbon rich materials. |
| D．Wet ''greens'' and dry ''browns''. |
| A．To help the organism work on the compost efficiently. |
| B．To save more space for the water and air to flow. |
| C．To allow the water and air to flow into the container. |
| D．To make sure the organism can live longer and better. |
| A．Pretty easy and fun. |
| B．Complex and time killing. |
| C．Demanding patience but worthwhile. |
| D．Calling for hard work but enjoyable. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Our over-use of electricity is a big problem. It contributed to global warming，what is something that we really should be worried about. It is harming our environment and we need to do what we can stop it. Not only that, but as if we continue to use a same large amount of energy we will soon run out of it. How would we survive in a world with electricity？I think we should start preparing for it now. Cut back on our use of electricity would save energy resources effective so that they could last for longer. I know for sure that I can cut down our use in electricity. And if everyone do his or her best, we can make a big difference.
6 . I had been living with Dino and his family for ten days or so, who lived and worked in the rainforest. They were the “bad guys”, burning much of the western Amazon to tun it into cattle farms. They were also some of the nicest and warmest hosts. They are a family trying to survive in a very tough environment through hard work. Their view and understanding of the problems the Amazon faces are different from mine. I see the Amazon as an extraordinary valuable life that should be treasured and protected at all costs-the world needs it, and we all need it. However, the Dinos see the Amazon as a vast, lasting resource that feeds them. After talking extent win them, I realized their respect for it was as deep as my own: they just saw it very differently.
Cattle farming in the Amazon is perhaps mainly responsible for the fires we are seeing now. It is an industry of cutting forest, burning it and turning it to cattle farms. Fires spread throughout the Amazon every year as a result of that practice. Putting cattle on the land means replacing trees with animals that produce damaging levels of greenhouse gases. This is just about the most stupid thing humans can do.
One morning after a fire, I returned to the land. I felt as though I had seen the blue smoke from those blackened tree trunks that remained upright, which are memorials to human stupidity.
The problems the Amazon faces are perhaps more complex now than ever before, but they are curable. We need to decide where and how we appoint and apply values based on sensible economic models that favor both the farmer and the forest. One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is a loosening of rules by the current administration which has opened up more land for deforestation(毁林) and burning. This could be disastrous, both for the Amazon and the rest of the world.
1. What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？| A．The consequences of cattle farming. | B．The main cause of forest fires. |
| C．The causes of greenhouse gases. | D．The importance of cattle farming. |
| A．It helped the author recall his memory about the land. |
| B．It reminded us of our foolishness of destroying the land. |
| C．It's not surprising to see the land destroyed by the fire. |
| D．It's amazing to see the trees keep straight after the fire. |
| A．The writer and Dino respected the Amazon equally in different ways. |
| B．Cattle farming is not to blame for the fires happening in the Amazon. |
| C．The problems the Amazon faces are more complex and can't be solved. |
| D．The Dinos are considered to be bad for burning the forest to make a fortune. |
| A．Prevent the deeds of burning. | B．Offer more land. |
| C．Take stricter measures. | D．Appoint economic models. |
7 . How to Protect Wildlife
Wildlife faces threats from habitat destruction, pollution, and other human actions. Although protecting wildlife may seem too hard at times, even small actions can help protect many different animals.
● Create wildlife friendly areas. When trying to make your garden more beautiful, choose plants that can provide food and shelter to native wildlife. This will also help cut down on pollution.
●
● Buy products that are wildlife-friendly.
● Limit family size. Population growth is one of the major factors in habitat destruction. With the rapidly growing population, more and more habitats for wildlife are occupied by humans.
| A．Live a greener life. |
| B．Donate money to organizations. |
| C．Each family should be limited to one or two children. |
| D．Avoid products that are made from endangered animals. |
| E．Protecting wildlife from being endangered is every family’s duty. |
| F．Here are some tips on how to protect wildlife through small actions. |
| G．Build bird houses to your garden or yard to attract and shelter these species. |
On Monday, millions of people in Ethiopia planted more than 350 million trees in 12 hours. The
According to the United Nations, Ethiopia’s forest coverage was 35% in the early 20th century but it is just above 4% now. The Green Legacy Initiative’s goal is to plant 4 billion trees in Ethiopia this year. So far, about 2.6 billion
9 . Scientist， conservation organizations and government trying to stop the trend of extinction （灭绝） often focus on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as million species（物种） at risk， this plan of action may not be enough to conserve wildlife.
Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals. A new study indicates the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining some lands managed by indigenous groups.
“ We show really strongly that， from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species richness，indigenous － managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas， ” says biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University. And in some places， they are better than parks and preserves －even though indigenous communities may use their lands’ resources by hunting or searching for food.
Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15，000 areas in Australia， Brazil and Canada. They found that the total diversity of wildlife was highest on lands either managed or co － managed by indigenous groups， while randomly selected areas with no formal protection were the least bio－diverse. For threatened species in particular， indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada， as well as higher for threatened animals in Australia.
Each country has a different geography， climate and history. Yet remarkably， Schuster says， the best indicator for species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenous community. He pointed out that practices such as sustainable（可持续的） hunting， fishing and searching， as well as burning， are more likely to occur in such areas. Don Hankins， an ecologist at California State University，agrees. “ there’ s probably going to be more of a connection to the land， ” he says， “ and a use of the land for the things that are there， compared to a national park. ”
“ It’ s really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have them drive the stewardship efforts going forward， ” Schuster says， adding that partnering with indigenous communities may enable the world’ s countries to better meet a wide range of conservation goals： “ We really need all the help we can get as a global community to prevent species extinction that we’ re facing right now. ”
1. What does the underlined word “ indigenous” probably mean in Paragraph 2？| A．Social. | B．Native. |
| C．Protected. | D．Threatened. |
| A．National parks are even higher in species diversity. |
| B．Indigenous communities overhunted on their lands. |
| C．Some preserves almost have no formal protection. |
| D．Indigenous lands do better in keeping bio－diversity. |
| A．Species diversity depends on geographical positions. |
| B．Humans’ everyday activities are no longer sustainable. |
| C．Indigenous groups have a close bond with their lands. |
| D．Protected areas work perfectly in wildlife protection. |
| A．Beating back extinction. | B．Dealing with environmental problems. |
| C．Setting up nature reserves. | D．Fighting against unsustainable behaviors. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I’m glad to share some idea about garbage classification with you, which was a hot topic these days all over China. To my understand, we should do whatever we can support it. After all, the earth is home to everyone and it’s our duty to provide a health environment voluntarily. Garbage classification isn’t easy in the beginning, and it’s meaningful. By doing so, it will do many good to the recycling of valuable resources. For our environment and life, we are expecting to learn to sort the rubbish and make it as a habit. Every individual can make the difference and bring a bright future for our planet.
