2 . Royal Dutch Shell is launching a $ 300 million forestry program, at a time when an increasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset (碳补偿) plans to meet climate goals. The company will spend the money over the next three years on projects to store carbon, including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain, and will start offering motorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.

The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a new business opportunity for Shell, as well as a way to meet its climate targets. “We believe that over time we will be building a business, because these carbon credits will become more valuable as carbon becomes more limited,” they said. Shell recently decided to cut its net carbon footprint by 2-3 percent in five years, which includes emissions from the products it sells. The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestry projects, then sell these credits on to customers buying its oil and gas products , or apply the credits to its own operations to lower its carbon footprint.

Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas is considered one of the simplest ways to store carbon. However, the voluntary market for carbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics, as projects in developing countries can be hard to monitor. Shell's move has also been criticized by some environmentalists. They worried that there was a risk of “green wash” when companies invested in forestry projects. “There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions or not,” they said, pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林) to another.

Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet the Voluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements. Mark Lewis, head of climate change investment research at BNP Paribas, said," Planting trees to offset emissions, as far as it goes, is a step in the right direction.

1. What is popular among oil companies these days?

A．Studying climate changes.	B．Launching forestry programs.
C．Selling carbon credits.	D．Working out carbon offset plans.

2. How will Shell make profits from its carbon offset projects?

A．By quitting the emissions of its products.

B．By commercializing carbon credits it produces.

C．By limiting the oil used by other companies.

D．By reducing its carbon footprint sharply.

3. What does the underlined word “green wash” in Para. 3 mean?

A．Discount.

B．Cheat.

C．Decline.

D．Change.

4. What does the text imply about carbon offset projects?

A．They sharply reduce emissions.	B．They will fail in developing countries.
C．They require broader monitoring.	D．They contribute to deforestation.

3 . 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。

One Saturday afternoon, Li Hua and Wang Ping were having an environmental protection activity in the woods while they caught sight of a bird on the ground. They picked it up and found it wounding. Thinking it might dies without timely help, they took it home. They made a nest for it and feed it with rice and water. It was with their treatment that the lucky bird gradual got recovered. When time came for it to fly the bird back to the woods, they felt a little pitiful but very delighted. In my opinions, their good deeds deserve more praise. Here I call on public to show respect for nature. Only in changing the way we treat the environment can we get along well with it.

5 . 阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。

Ten years ago, Sir Richard Branson launched an exciting challenge. A reward of $25 million would be offered to anyone if he/she     1    (come) up with an achievable and sustainable way to remove greenhouse gases from the air. He thought such an innovation would soon come true, and that    2    (power) people like him would carry out a top-down solution in one fell swoop (一下子).

No such situation appeared, not even with the massive reward. But all is not lost. Branson believed everyone could participate in    3     (save) humanity; it wouldn't be a task for just a few superheroes. It was the spirit    4     inspired Paul Hawken and a network of researchers to come up with the book, Drawdowns.

Drawdown focuses on small, practical steps, not    5    (possible) solutions. Hawken's researchers collected data, information and practical knowledge, creating what is something of an encyclopedia (百科全书) of solutions    6    the climate risk. One section of the book, “Coming Attractions”,     7    (look) at solutions that we are close to getting a handle on, and they are likely to be useful ones for the near future. Not a daydream, in other words,

Just as it says in this book, we can't just build a piece of big equipment    8    (make) the air cleaner. We can make small    9    (contribute) like reducing food waste, changing the lightbulbs to LED, installing solar panels and so on.

We are living in     10    interconnected world, so we need to think about the community, about the common interests of many individuals inhabiting a single planet.

6 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. Where do Indonesians put their garbage?

A．In the official garbage bags.

B．In the public garbage cans.

C．In the front of their houses.

2. What colored cans do Germans put metals?

A．Blue.

B．Yellow.

C．Gray.

3. What do we know about the garbage bags in Korea?

A．They are provided by the government for free.

B．Their price depends on the type of waste.

C．Different districts have different official garbage bags.

7 . When you think of the Arctic, you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. “And now”, CNN says, “It's the Arctic's turn.”

German scientists have recently found microplastics (微塑料) in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1800 pieces of microplastics per liter of snow.

How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It's clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.

Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What's more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.

Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we're eating the plastic as well.

1. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?

A．The Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish

B．The Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow.

C．The Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air.

D．The Arctic is the last rally clean place left on earth

2. Where do most of the microplatics in the snow come from?

A．From water.

B．From air.

C．From wind.

D．From food.

3. What does the underlined expression mean in the fourth paragraph?

A．Reduce.

B．Donate.

C．Cause.

D．Help.

4. How does the writer end this passage?

A．By advising us to drink clean water.

B．By asking people not to eat sea animals.

C．By showing the beauty of Arctic.

D．By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution.

8 . What are the speakers talking about?

A．Apartment building.

B．Plastic trash.

C．Environmental protection.

10 . In the past hundred years, a million people have died in earthquakes, another million have been killed by hurricanes and tornadoes, and 9 million have lost their lives in floods. In addition to this, many millions have died as a result of hunger and disease. We should also not forget in many of the world's countries, drought—serious water shortage—is a fact of life, especially in the African Sahel area bordering the Sahara Desert.

Scientists and engineers around the world have made great advances in earthquake engineering. It is, of course, physically impossible to move cities such as Tokyo and San Francisco that have been built on earthquake belts. But most often it is not the earthquake that kills people. It is the falling buildings, bridges and so on that cause deaths, and such a happening can be greatly reduced by better building programs.

Finally, perhaps we need to consider the natural disasters that we are causing ourselves. Through our mismanagement of the planet's resources we have sped up the dying out of hundreds of sorts of plants and animals, at the same time possibly destroying our own long-term surroundings for life. Maybe this is one disaster that could be prevented if we are willing to act with a sense of responsibility.

1. How many people have been killed in natural disasters in the past 100 years?

A．1 million.	B．9 million.
C．More than 11 million.	D．More than 1 million.

2. Which of the following has killed people directly according to the passage?

A．None of the below.	B．Earthquakes and floods.
C．Hurricanes and tornadoes.	D．Floods and water shortage.

3. According to the text, we can say that________.

A．nothing can be done with earthquakes

B．earthquake can be prevented from happening

C．cities built on earthquake belts can be moved in time

D．losses and deaths caused by earthquakes can be reduced with human efforts

4. What does the underlined "one disaster" in the last paragraph refer to?

A．Earthquakes.	B．The text doesn't tell us.
C．All of the disasters mentioned.	D．Man's mismanagement of natural resources.