1 . 根据句意，用所给单词或者词组的适当形式填空，请将正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应题号后的横线上。

do our part,   be to blame,   stressed out,   affect,   be related to,   anger,   influential,   destroy

1. If we want to survive, we can not _____________ the planet which we live on.
2. We should all _____________ to reduce plastic waste and protect marine life.
3. The careless driver should _____________ for the traffic accident.
4. Our personal _____________ and stress are nothing compared to the real social costs.
5. When we get stuck in traffic jams. We often feel _____________ and annoyed.
6. Some types of cancer _____________ traffic pollution.
7. Yuan Longping is one of the most _____________ scientists in agriculture.
8. It is clear that human activity has negatively _____________ all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.

2 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。

The Old Town of Lijiang is a few hours bus-ride away     1     the ancient city of Dali in Yunnan Province. Surrounded by fields, mountains and rivers, the Old Town of Lijiang     2     (look) like a jade (翡翠) ink stone in spring and summer. Each year, many foreign     3     (tourist) visit the Old Town, and the place is like “Venice in the East” to them.

3 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。

Black robins (知更鸟) are the birds     1     humans saved from extinction. In 1980, there were only five black robins left in the world. They all lived on a small island off the coast of New Zealand. Only one of those birds, a female called Old Blue, was able to lay eggs. Wildlife workers     2     (begin) a programme for raising black robin chicks. They protected Old Blue’s eggs, helped them to hatch, and looked after the chicks     3     (careful). Thanks to their efforts, there are now more than 250 black robins, and the population is spreading.     4     (help) them survive, people are restoring their habitats and removing small animals that hunt them.

4 . 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容或括号内所给词的恰当形式填空。

Bill Gates is the world’s leading figure in personal computer software, best     1     (know) as the founder, former chairman, and CEO of Microsoft. Bill Gates has experienced failure. His first company     2     (call) Traf-O- Data, but unfortunately, its product didn’t work. It was a total disaster. But     3     Gates learnt from this experience contributed to the global success of Microsoft.

5 . 灭火队员令人佩服的原因是他们灭火并且拯救人的生命。（put out fires）（汉译英）
______________________________________________________________________________________

6 . The giant looks like a big and scary grasshopper, but it is actually h______ (无害的). (根据中英文提示填空)

7 . 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

With their long tusks, elephants look elegant and strong. However, this unique feature is also the reason for     1     the animal is endangered. It has long been a problem worldwide that people kill elephants     2     their tusks.     3     laws have been introduced to ban the selling of tusks, they have not been enough to save the elephants.

8 . 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Recently I had an experience of eating dinner at a “dark restaurant”,     1     people eat in complete darkness. Diners ate     2     (they) whole meal in total blackness and had to rely on the waiters’ guidance if they needed to go to the bathroom. I wanted to understand the experience of being blind. Then I found out eating was a     3     (real) difficult activity.

9 . For decades, scientists thought of the brain as the most closely guarded organ. Locked safely behind a biological barrier, away from the disorder of the rest of the body, it was broadly free of destruction of germs (病菌) and the battles started by the immune system.

Then, 20-odd years ago, some researchers began to ask a question: is the brain really so separate? The answer, according to a growing body of evidence, is no — and has important effects on both science and health care.

The list of brain conditions that have been associated with changes elsewhere in the body is long and growing. Changes in the make-up of the microorganisms resident in the gut (肠道), for example, have been linked to disorders like Parkinson’s disease. Some researchers think that certain infections could provoke Alzheimer’s disease and some could lead to emotional disorder in babies.

The effect is two-way. There is a lengthening list of symptoms (症状) not typically viewed as disorders of the nervous system in which the brain and the neural processes that connect it to the body play a large part. For example, the development of a fever is influenced by a population of neurons (神经元) that control body temperature and appetite. The effect of brain on body is underlined by the finding that stimulating a particular brain region in mice can ‘remind’ the body of previous inflammation (炎症) — and reproduce them.

These findings and others mark a complete shift in our view of the interconnectedness of brain and body, and could help us both understand and treat illness. If some brain conditions start outside the brain, then perhaps cures for them could also reach in from outside. Treatments that take effect through the digestive system, heart or other organs, for instance, would be much easier and less striking to give than those that must cross the blood-brain barrier, the brain’s first line of defence.

In the opposite direction, the effects of our emotions or mood on our capacity to recover from illness could also be used. There is an opening work under way testing whether stimulating certain areas of the brain that respond to reward and produce feelings of positivity could enhance recovery from conditions such as heart attacks. Perhaps even more exciting is the possibility that making changes to our behaviour — to reduce stress, say — could have similar benefits.

For neuroscientists, it’s time to look beyond the brain. And clinicians treating the body mustn’t assume the brain is above getting involved — its activity could be influencing a wide range of conditions, from mild infections to long-time fatness.

1. The author writes paragraph 1 mainly to ______.

A．evaluate an argument

B．present an assumption

C．summarize the structure

D．provide the background

2. What does the underlined word “provoke” mean in Paragraph 3?

A．Delay.

B．Cure.

C．Cause.

D．Disturb.

3. What can we learn from the passage?

A．Treatments that cross brain-blood barrier are less used.

B．Previous diseases could cause the production of new ones.

C．Emotions could affect the capacity to fight against diseases.

D．Treatment of the brain takes priority over other treatments.

4. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

A．	B．
C．	D．

10 . As biologist Nicola Foster and her colleagues guided a remote-controlled monitor through the coral reefs (珊瑚礁) of the Indian Ocean’s Chagos Archipelago, they saw corals full of color near the surface. But nearly 300 feet below, in the darker and colder waters of what oceanographers call the “twilight zone,” some corals had turned terrible white, leaving them vulnerable (脆弱的) to disease and death.

“It wasn’t something we were expecting to see,” says Foster, who studies deeperwater coral ecosystems called mesophotic reefs. Mesophotic reefs would seem to be protected from rising sea-surface temperatures that white n higher-up corals. But this team’s 2019 observations show the deepest instance of bleaching (变白) ever recorded — suggesting similar reefs are more vulnerable than previously believed.

Bleaching often happens when warming water boosts corals to remove the colorful algae (水藻) that live in their tissues and help to sustain them. Although surface waters weren’t typically warm when Foster and her team took their measurements, the twilight zone waters neared 84 degrees Fahrenheit (华氏度) — far above the 68-to 75-degree range in which mesophotic corals are used to.

The researchers realized that bleaching is related to the timing of the Indian Ocean Dipole. This phenomenon shifts the region’s surface winds and ocean currents, says study co-author Phil Hosegood. Wind and waves shake the upper ocean, keeping it relatively warm and uniform in temperature. But the 2019 dipole deepened this well-mixed upper layer; the thermocline (the slice of ocean that separates warm upper waters from the cold depths) had become deeper than normal. Then, those corals were exposed to temperatures that are normally found at the surface.

This observation suggests mesophotic reefs elsewhere could also be bleaching. Fortunately, the corals in this study had largely recovered their color by 2022, Foster notes. But each bleaching stresses the corals and, if extended, can starve them. Future Indian Ocean Dipole patterns are likely to be more severe, Hosegood says, noting that data suggest “that these natural cycles are becoming increased with climate change.”

1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A．Corals in twilight zone become vulnerable because of bleaching.

B．Corals normally found at the surface were found in twilight zone.

C．Mesophotic reefs are much more vulnerable than higher-up reefs.

D．Mesophotic reefs and higher-up reefs need different temperature.

2. According to the passage, which group of pictures can describe the changes caused by the Indian Ocean Dipole?

A．	B．
C．	D．

3. Regarding the future of mesophotic reefs, Hosegood probably feels ______.

A．excited

B．worried

C．curious

D．hopeful