1 . The Right and Left Brain
It is common today to identify, in some way, with one side of the brain. You may think, for example, that you are more “right brain” than “left”. When we make such statements, we are referring to the fact that the two halves of the human brain deal with information from the senses, and hence the world, in different ways. In general, the left hemisphere(半球)is responsible for our processing of language and logic and the right deals with aspects of thought like emotions and spatial(空间的)relationships. The hemispheres also control our movements, though the left hemisphere controls the right side of our bodies, and vice versa.
The fact that the two hemispheres of the brain work in different ways on different tasks is a relatively new discovery. That discovery was made by a psychobiologist(精神生物学家)named Roger Sperry and it won him a Nobel Prize in 1981. Sperry uncovered the inner workings of normal brains by studying the brain function of people who had a certain kind of brain damage. In most brains, the nerves, which serves as a “bridge” of sorts between the two hemispheres; allowing them to communicate with each other. The people Sperry studied had had their corpus callosa cut, and because of this, their left and right brains couldn’t exchange information.
In a famous experiment, Sperry showed one such subject two pictures. The subject saw a picture of a knife with his right eye(controlled by the left brain)and a picture of a spoon with his left(controlled by the right). When asked to name what he saw, the subject said knife, because it is the left brain that deals with language and the naming of things. However, when asked to reach over with his left hand to a nearby table on which was placed both a knife and a spoon, and choose, without looking, the object he saw, the subject chose the spoon. This is because his left eye (controlled by the right brain)saw the spoon and his left hand(also controlled by the right brain)chose this rather than the knife. The subject himself was not at all conscious of the fact that he was seeing and choosing two different objects.
Until recently, it was thought that there was a strict division of labour. Today, however, we are aware that, for example, while the left brain is responsible for most of the language functions, the right brain plays a role in some language functions like following a story and interpreting humour. Tasks such as face recognition require both halves in different ways. Unfamiliar faces are interpreted and processed by the right hemisphere while familiar faces are processed and recognized by the left. Similarly, non-musicians will interpret a melody with their right brain, but musicians will process music with their left.
1. The right hemisphere of the human brain is responsible for ______.| A．language | B．emotions |
| C．sense of touch | D．the right side of the body |
| A．the connection between vision and touch |
| B．people with damaged brains |
| C．people with normal brains |
| D．the corpus callosum |
| A．only found in abnormal human brains |
| B．found between the two hemispheres |
| C．part of the left hemisphere. |
| D．where memory is stored |
| A．one half of the brain processes language and the other processes touch |
| B．people are not conscious of the left and right halves of their brain |
| C．the two hemispheres of the brain function in different ways |
| D．people see differently with each eye |
| A．thought the spoon was a knife |
| B．was not aware that he was seeing two images |
| C．was unable to process visual information accurately |
| D．could not tell the difference between a spoon and a knife. |
| A．the left side of the brain processes music more efficiently |
| B．the left side of the brain deals with familiar material |
| C．listening to music requires both halves of the brain |
| D．musicians are born with more developed left brains |
| A．in case | B．even if | C．as though | D．so that |
(1)“冬季体育运动周”活动的目的;
(2)体育锻炼的意义(如：增强体质、形成健康的生活方式等);
(3)号召全校同学积极参加体育锻炼。
注意：
(1)词数不少于100;
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯;
(3)文章中不得提及考生所在学校和本人姓名;
(4)开头已为你写好，不计入词数。
参考词汇：
“冬季体育运动周”“Winter Sports week”
Dear schoolmates.
Could I have your attention, please?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
— _____, my boy. You can’t expect to finish all the work in such a short time.
| A．Hold your horses | B．Brave the elements |
| C．Kill two birds with one stone | D．Jump in with both feet |
—______. I need a good rest.
| A．You must be joking | B．I guess so |
| C．I don’t care | D．It depends |
| A．sympathy | B．intention | C．necessity | D．commitment |
| A．in vain | B．in advance | C．in particular | D．in time |
8 . Most of us in the enterprising community are blessed—or harmed—with higher-than average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them.
Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.
Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.
One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it prevents your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur (创业者). If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means moving away from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible.
Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous and impossible to recover from.
It’s a clear departure from the intended plan to ward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is unavoidable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience.
Ambitious people tend to be more successful in material wealth than non-ambitious ones. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness—and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?
Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But inappropriate ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life.
1. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs?| A．They are more willing to risk their own lives. | B．They are more ambitious than ordinary people. |
| C．They achieve greater nonconventional success. | D．They have more positive qualities than most of us. |
| A．Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success. |
| B．Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities. |
| C．Entrepreneurs’ ambition docs as much good as harm. |
| D．Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success. |
| A．Holding on to once’s original vision. | B．Being able to adapt to new situations. |
| C．Focusing determinedly on one particular goal. | D．Avoiding total change in one’s career direction. |
| A．It will awaken them to reality. | B．It is a lesson they have to learn. |
| C．It means the end of their career. | D．It will result in a slow recovery. |
| A．Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal. |
| B．Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs. |
| C．Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business. |
| D．Prioritize health and happiness over material success. |
9 . You have to get to your job interview, but you don’t have access to an automobile. How would you solve this dilemma (困境)? Most people would probably call an Uber or perhaps ask a friend or family member for a ride. But not this Indiana woman. Kasia Shelton from Muncie has been arrested for stealing a vehicle from a local dealership (经销商). According to police reports, the 20-year-old used the 2013 Kia Optima to drive to a job interview in Indianapolis.
The auto theft happened on Monday, October 9. On the day, Shelton arrived at RDI Motors in Muncie and asked an employee to see a certain 2013 Kia Optima. He showed the car to Shelton and we can only assume he talked in length about its great condition for its age, the features, and the reliability. The employee later told the police that Shelton seemed interested in the car and asked to take it for a test drive. But while he was talking to her and preparing the car for a drive, the dealership’s telephone kept ringing and ringing. He said that he had to excuse himself constantly to go pick up the phone, yet there was never anybody on the other end of the line. The last time the phone rang was just as the employee had gotten the car ready for Shelton to take it for a test drive. When he got back from the phone, Shelton and the Kia were gone.
The RDI employee immediately called the Muncie Police Department. The police then began using the Flock camera surveillance system (监控系统) in an attempt to spot the car. A while later, they saw the car again, this time returning to Muncie. After that, the cameras lost the car, but we now know that Shelton drove it back to RDI Motors. Finding out wasn’t too difficult. The police said they were able to connect the car to Shelton because she had filled out an online form on RDI Motors’ website.
When the police later showed up at Shelton’s door, she seemed confused and thought the officers were pulling off some kind of a joke. She genuinely didn’t seem to understand what she was getting arrested for. After all, she returned the Kia to the dealership once she was done with her trip. She didn’t plan to keep it, so what’s the big deal?
Whether she understood the reason why or not, Shelton was arrested. She has been charged with auto theft, which could land her in prison for up to two and a half years.
1. Why was Shelton arrested?| A．Because she got a job interview. | B．Because she didn’t call an Uber. |
| C．Because she stole a car. | D．Because she drove a 2013 Kia Optima. |
| A．Uninterested. | B．Negative. | C．Responsible. | D．Intolerable. |
| A．Some other clients. | B．Mysterious phone calls. |
| C．Shelton’s attitude. | D．His colleagues’ calls. |
| A．By searching the Flock camera surveillance system. |
| B．Through the interview company. |
| C．By inquiring RDI motors’ employees. |
| D．Through the personal information she left on the site. |
| A．Don’t you think that’s the reason you arrest me? | B．Is this small thing worth an arrest? |
| C．Is this a deal? | D．Do you think I should buy the car? |
10 . The skin is an essential part of your body and its largest organ. You have three layers (层) of skin which act as a barrier against disease, poisons and the sun’s harmful rays. The functions of your skin are also very complex: it keeps you warm or cool; it prevents your body from losing too much water; it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch. So as you can imagine, if your skin gets burned it can be very serious. First aid is a very important first step in the treatment of burns.
Causes of burns
You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being close to high heat or fire, etc. ), the sun, electricity or chemicals.
Types of burns
There are three types of burns. Burns are called first, second or third degree burns, depending on which layers of the skin are burned.
• First degree burns
These affect only the top layer of the skin. These burns are not serious and should feel better within a day or two. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by touching a hot pan, stove or iron for a mordent (熨烫熨斗).
• Second degree burns
These affect both the top and the second layer of the skin. These burns are serious and take a few weeks to heal. Examples include severe sunburn and burns caused by hot liquids.
• Third degree burns
These affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires. These burns cause very severe injuries and the victim must go to hospital at once.
Characteristics of burns
First degree burns
• dry, red and mildly swollen
• mildly painful
• turn white when pressed
Second degree burns
• rough, red and swollen
• watery surface
• extremely painful
Third degree burns
• black and white and charred
• swollen; often tissue under them can be seen
• little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be pain around edge of injured area
1. According to Paragraph 1, the functions of the skin include ________.| A．regulating body temperature | B．reflecting the sun’s harmful rays |
| C．speeding up water loss | D．absorbing poisons automatically |
| A．Boiling oil. | B．Hot chocolate. | C．Electric shocks. | D．Heart attacks. |
| A．Depending on the speed of the burn. |
| B．Depending on the location of the burn. |
| C．Depending on how many layers of skin there are. |
| D．Depending on how deep they burn the surface of the skin. |
| A．Your skin may be bright red, swollen, and look wet. |
| B．The bur site appears white or charred and there is no feeling in the area. |
| C．Your skin may be red and painful, and you may experience mild swelling. |
| D．Instead of turning red, your skin may appear black, brown, white or yellow. |
| A．A course guide. | B．A first aid brochure. |
| C．A hospital advertisement. | D．A business magazine. |
