1 . Great whites, the largest predatory(捕食性的)sharks in the world with the most fatal attacks on humans, are tough to imagine as newborn babies. That is partially because no one has seen one in the wild, it seems, until now.
Wildlife filmmaker Carlos Gauna and UC Riverside biology doctoral student Phillip Sternes were scanning the waters for sharks on July 9, 2023, near Santa Barbara on California’s central coast. That day, something exciting appeared on the viewfinder of Gauna’s drone camera. It was a shark pup(幼崽)unlike any they’d ever seen.
“We enlarged the images, put them in slow motion, and realized the white layer was being shed(脱落)from the body as it was swimming,” Sternes said. “I believe it was a newborn white shark shedding its embryonic layer.”
These observations are documented in a new paper in the Environmental Biology of Fishes journal. What Gauna and Sternes observed could help solve the longstanding mystery of great white birthing habits. This may well be the first evidence we have of a pup in the wild. Great whites, referred to only as white sharks by scientists, are gray on the top and white on the bottom. But this roughly 5-foot-long shark was pure white.
Though the paper authors acknowledge it is possible that the white layer the shark shed could have been a skin condition, the two believe what they saw was in fact a newborn great white. First, great white females give birth to live pups. A second reason is the presence of large, likely pregnant great whites in this location. Finally, this location off the coast of central California has long been proposed as a birthing location for great whites. Many scholars believe great whites are born farther out at sea.
Great whites are listed as an international endangered species. “Further research is needed to confirm these waters are indeed a great white breeding ground. But if it does, we would want lawmakers to step in and protect these waters to help white sharks keep thriving,” Sternes said.
1. What do we know about what appeared on Carlo s Gauna’s camera?A.It is rare in the world. | B.It is tough to identify. |
C.It is not open to the public. | D.It is unbelievable to scientists. |
A.Pure gray. | B.White only on the bottom. |
C.Gray on the top. | D.Pure white. |
A.How great white females give birth to pups. |
B.How the authors prove they saw a baby shark. |
C.Why the authors believe they saw a newborn shark pup. |
D.Why the authors think the white layer is a skin condition. |
A.Helping white sharks to stop breeding. |
B.Using laws to protect shark pups and their habitats. |
C.Listing white sharks as endangered species. |
D.Further study to confirm white sharks breeding waters. |
A.She couldn’t get time off work. | B.She went to Germany. | C.She will go there with someone else. |
1. How long has the speaker been getting headaches?
A.For the past ten years. | B.For about ten days. | C.Only since yesterday |
A.He took some medicine. |
B.He asked his neighbor to come over. |
C.He did nothing about it. |
A.He sent for a doctor. |
B.He gave the speaker some painkillers. |
C.He gave the speaker a special kind of treatment. |
A.The pain almost killed him. |
B.His headache was already cured. |
C.The pain had gone by itself. |
1. What does the woman think of her city?
A.It’s exciting. | B.It’s small. | C.It’s noisy. |
A.There is a famous statue . |
B.It’s not crowded at all. |
C.Life is interesting there. |
A.It’s hot most of the time. | B.It’s quite wet. | C.Temperatures are too high in summer. |
1. What do we know about War Horse?
A.It’s an action movie. | B.It doesn’t win any awards. | C.It’s a sad movie. |
A.He is an action star. | B.They are very exciting. | C.They have a great story. |
6 . Imagine suddenly waking up at midnight,
I guess it may have been in part the
After much
However, life
In conclusion, this is what I would like to say —when in trouble, reach out for help, talk to family and friends, your doctor or a counsellor. Take time to take care of yourself, you are worth the
A.struggling | B.searching | C.begging | D.waiting |
A.cause | B.result | C.price | D.condition |
A.anxious | B.practical | C.temporary | D.urgent |
A.pressure | B.emphasis | C.effect | D.limit |
A.found | B.displayed | C.occupied | D.enjoyed |
A.concern | B.surprise | C.puzzle | D.guilt |
A.suggested | B.recognized | C.claimed | D.guaranteed |
A.complaint | B.debate | C.preparation | D.resistance |
A.went | B.worked | C.behaved | D.reacted |
A.slid | B.threw | C.rolled | D.sank |
A.ignored | B.ensured | C.robbed | D.disturbed |
A.left out | B.pointed out | C.reached out | D.passed out |
A.approaches | B.disciplines | C.assumptions | D.patterns |
A.permanently | B.potentially | C.smoothly | D.thoroughly |
A.passion | B.freedom | C.strength | D.effort |
7 . Vegetarians would rather not be forced to eat meat. Yet the reverse compulsion is hidden in the proposals for a new plant-based “planetary diet.” Nowhere is this more visible than in India.
Earlier this year, the EAT-Lancet Commission released its global report on nutrition and called for a global shift to a more plant-based diet and for “substantially reducing consumption of animal source foods.” In countries like India, that call could become a tool to aggravate an already tense political situation and stress already undernourished populations.
The EAT report assumes that “traditional diets” in countries like India include little red meat, which might be consumed only on special occasions or as minor ingredients in mixed dishes.
In India, however, there is a vast difference between what people would wish to consume and what they have to consume because of innumerable barriers around class, religion, culture, cost, geography, etc. Policymakers in India have traditionally pushed for a cereal-heavy “vegetarian diet” on a meat-eating population as a way of providing the cheapest sources of food.
Currently, under an aggressive Hindu nationalist government, Muslims, Christians, disadvantaged classes and indigenous communities are being compelled to give up their traditional foods.
None of these concerns seem to have been appreciated by the EAT-Lancet Commission’s representative, Brent Loken, who said “India has got such a great example” in sourcing protein from plants.
But how much of a model for the world is India’s vegetarianism? In the Global Hunger Index, the country ranks 102nd out of 117. Data from the National Family Health Survey indicate that only 10 percent of infants of 6 to 23 months are adequately fed, which is why calls for a plant-based diet modeled on India risk offering another whip with which to beat already vulnerable communities in developing countries.
A diet directed at the affluent West fails to recognize that in low-income countries undernourished children are known to benefit from the consumption of milk and other animal source foods, improving cognitive functions, while reducing the prevalence of nutritional deficiencies as well as death.
EAT-Lancet claimed its intention was to “spark conversations” among all Indian stakeholders. Yet vocal critics of the food processing industry and food fortification strategies have been left out of the debate. But the most conspicuous (明显的) omission may well be the absence of India’s farmers.
1. What is more visible in India than anywhere else according to the passage?A.People’s positive views on the proposals for a “planetary diet”. |
B.People’s reluctance to be compelled to eat plant-based food. |
C.People’s preferences for the kind of food they consume. |
D.People’s unwillingness to give up their eating habits. |
A.Radically change their dietary habits. | B.Keep them further away from politics. |
C.Make them even more undernourished. | D.Substantially reduce their food choices. |
A.People’s diet will not change due to the EAT-Lancet report. |
B.Many people simply do not have access to foods they prefer. |
C.There is a growing popularity of a cereal-heavy vegetarian diet. |
D.Policymakers help remove the barriers to people’s choice of food. |
A.It may benefit populations whose traditional diet is meat-based. |
B.It may be another blow to the economy in developing countries. |
C.It may worsen the nourishment problem in low-income countries. |
D.It may help narrow the gap between the rich and poor countries. |
You can be happy even when you’re suffering from illness, but that doesn’t mean you should ignore the aspects of your health
Making exercise a regular habit isn’t just good for the body. It also has a
It doesn’t really matter
Also, getting quality sleep every night directly
9 . I’ve always loved horses, but for years my riding took a back seat to my four kids’ soccer games, dance recitals and so on. As my children became more
I have a work-to-ride rent at a nearby stable (马厩). As soon as I arrive at the stable, I always
One day, as I wiped off my bridle (马笼头), my friend Mary asked with sad eyes, “Did you hear about Heather? She
“No, how awful! Heather’s son is around my age.” I murmured.
“Yes, it’s tragic,” she said. “I
“Yesterday? She was out here?”
“She and her grandsons went for a trail
I nodded
Relief from real life. We all need it, somewhere, somehow, because life is
A.ambitious | B.enthusiastic | C.independent | D.responsible |
A.on | B.in | C.off | D.behind |
A.forget | B.hesitate | C.regret | D.stop |
A.persuaded | B.joined | C.refused | D.forced |
A.replacement | B.recovery | C.recharge | D.repair |
A.lost | B.beat | C.abandoned | D.raised |
A.wrote | B.talked | C.explained | D.whispered |
A.adventure | B.walk | C.visit | D.ride |
A.get through | B.get over | C.get away from | D.get across |
A.silently | B.hurriedly | C.gratefully | D.eagerly |
A.spread | B.developed | C.controlled | D.prevented |
A.result from | B.recover from | C.depart from | D.suffer from |
A.concern | B.affection | C.escape | D.value |
A.tough | B.precious | C.simple | D.unclear |
A.neater | B.smoother | C.softer | D.higher |
10 . It is not hard to learn more about a piece of famous painting, but identifying an unknown painting can be tricky. What do you need to do to get its specific information? Here are tips to identify a painting.
·Use the signature or monogram (字母组合图案) to dig online and find the image. Look in the corners of the painting to see if there is a signature or monogram.
·Turn to an image recognition app to identify the painting immediately. If you’re struggling to remember an artist’s name or you want additional information on a particular painting, download an image recognition app designed specifically for art. There are several apps for both Android and iPhone that allow you to snap a photo of a painting to search through museum catalogues, university databases, and art history texts.
·Ask an expert to identify the era, style, or painter of an image.
·
In a word, the tips above are helpful.
A.This is the easiest way to find a specific painting. |
B.Locate its exact location when you appreciate the painting. |
C.If the name is easy to read, search the artist’s name up online to find it. |
D.Email or visit an art history professor to ask whether he can look at the image. |
E.Take advantage of obvious clues in the subject matter to narrow down the date. |
F.Thus, you’ll find it easier than you think to find the information you’re looking for. |
G.If the professor mainly focuses on newer artists, a contemporary abstract piece is going to be easier to identify. |