1 . The Japanese’s government’s decision to ______ nuclear waste water into the ocean has sparked widespread controversy and concern among environmental activists and local communities. Which of the following is not appropriate here?

A．dump

B．remove

C．release

D．discharge

2 . In response to the devastating earthquake, humanitarian organizations immediately mobilized and sent ______ supplies such as food, water, and medical aid to the affected regions.

A．maintenance

B．consumption

C．necessity

D．relief

3 . The allocation of funds for education in underprivileged communities is ______ low, compared to more affluent areas, perpetuating inequality in opportunities for academic success.

A．incredibly

B．necessarily

C．disproportionately

D．typically

4 . His rude behavior at the dinner party, such as chewing with his mouth open and speaking loudly over others, clearly demonstrates that he is ______.

A．ill- informed

B．ill-bred

C．ill-grounded

D．ill-intentioned

5 . Despite the challenging market conditions, ABC Company was able to ______ its competitors by achieving a remarkable 25% increase in sales revenue last quarter.

A．outlive

B．outweigh

C．outnumber

D．outperform

6 . 纪录片《敦煌师傅》(The Master of Dunhuang)第二季以一些献身于保护敦煌文化遗产的普通人为主角，他们的故事激发了人们对了解敦煌文化的热情。(feature)(汉译英)

7 . 几乎每一部他拍摄的电影都获得了奥斯卡提名，真是令人难以置信。(nominate)(汉译英)

8 . Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.

We Tend to Overlook the Simple Solutions

Less is more. A poet knows perfection when there is     1     left to remove. Leonardo da Vinci supposedly said so. But when     2     (solve) problems, people tend to go the other way.

Gabrielle Adams at the University of Virginia and her team asked people to complete tasks     3     solutions involved either adding or taking away parts. All of the tasks were designed so    4     reducing parts would be one of the most efficient options.

In one, around 200 people had to alter a Lego building to support a weight in order to gain a $1 bonus. The roof of the building was balancing dangerously     5     just one support. A solution would be to add several bricks to better support the roof, which they were told     6     (cost) 10 cents each. Another way of strengthening the structure was to remove one brick. Only 41 percent chose to do this.

In another task, around 300 people had to make a frame of 100 squares balanced by either adding or removing green blocks. When asked to take the test with no practice, only 49 percent of people chose to remove blocks. However, when they had been given three practice runs, this rose to 63 percent.

During the research, the team also spoke to a newly     7     (appoint) leader who asked his staff for suggestions on     8     he could improve the day-to-day operation of the company. For every idea to remove a policy or rule, the leader received eight ideas     9     (add) one.

Adams believes this tendency to add complexity     10     cause us to miss potentially superior options or designs.

9 . Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.

At what age do you hit the peak of your career?

When John Goodenough won the Nobel prize in chemistry in 2019 at the age of 97, scientists breathed a sigh of relief. Many had worried that the committee would not get around to honouring his groundbreaking work on lithium-ion batteries from 1980.

Goodenough was     1     (old) winner of the world’s foremost research prize. Usually, laureates (获奖者) are closer to 55 when they pick up the phone to hear the welcome Swedish accent. But it     2     take years between the publication of a laureate’s career-defining work and recognition from the Nobel committee. At what age are they at the height of their powers?

The answer has changed over time. Science laureates     3     received the prize between 1901 and 1950 were, on average, 39 years old when they published their winning paper, according to research published in 1957. But a study of more recent Nobel laureates published in 2019 by Rasmus Bjork of the Technical University of Denmark found that science and economics winners were, on average, 44 at the time of their prizewinning work.

Differences     4     disciplines have lessened. In the first half of the 20th century physicists and chemists were significantly younger when they made their big contributions (at 35 and 38 respectively)     5     were medical scientists (42). At the time this     6     (attribute) to the birth of modern physics at the turn of the century—spurred by new radiation discoveries, the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics—which set the scene for younger scientists     7     (make) their mark.

Now, however, the ages of peak achievement in each field are much closer, though physicists still tend to be slightly younger than average. Physicists need fewer papers to make a big contribution, which may be     8     they tend to be relatively young when that happens. They usually win Nobels for one big discovery, whereas economists, for example, get them for theories they develop over several years, which pushes up their average age.

Regardless of discipline, future Nobel laureates in science are most productive from late youth to early middle age. Perhaps that is when they find themselves at the sweet intersection of fresh ideas and the means to pursue them. The median age of first-year PhD students in the OECD, a club of mainly rich countries, is 29. Promising young researchers who want to start their own labs often get funding around five years after they graduate.

Surprisingly, writers, who depend less on doctoral degrees and grants for lab equipment, also do their best work as they enter middle age. Some Nobel laureates in literature,     9     Bob Dylan, were chosen for their contributions over a lifetime. But in cases where the Nobel committee singled out for commendation individual works, the authors’ average age was 41.

Perhaps people destined to do prizewinning work become happier, and therefore more creative, as they enter     10     40s. Society loves the idea of young talent, but it should celebrate middle-aged talent, too.

10 . The Greatest Living Briton

Voted the Greatest Living Briton, Tim Berners-Lee was born in East Sheen, an unremarkable part of southwest London. He grew up in a family where computers and mathematics were seen as a fun, everyday part of life. His parents had met while working on the Ferranti Mark 1, the first commercially available computer. From an early age, he picked up on their enthusiasm and recalls early conversations with his father about the potential of computers.

Berners-Lee left school to study at Queen’s College, Oxford, where he built his first computer from an old television. Gaining a first class degree in physics, he went into software development for a number of different companies, before finally ending up at CERN in Switzerland.

It was at CERN that the ideas which would make him famous began to take shape.     1     The different systems were unable to communicate with each other. He began to address this problem during his first period at CERN. But it wasn’t until Berners-Lee returned there in 1984 that he was able to turn his ideas into reality.

By 1989, CERN had the biggest Internet site in Europe. Berners-Lee’s vision was that computers all over the world would be able to talk to each other using a language—hypertext—that he would create. In 1991, he put the first website online. This provided an explanation of the World Wide Web.     2     The rest, as they say, is history.

Berners-Lee is modest about his achievements. He explains that he was just one of many people at the forefront of computer technology at the time. He also feels that if he had not invented the web, someone else would have done it. However, if that had been the case, the Internet might have been something very different. It might, for example, not have been free.     3     John Poole of Image Computer Systems, who employed Berners-Lee in the 1970s, admires his position: “What impresses me is that he was not in it for money. His dream was a free interchange of information, and he stood by his principles.”

Berners-Lee is still heavily involved in the World Wide Web. He left CERN in 1994 to set up the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), an organization whose aim is to improve the quality of the web. It is also committed to maintaining the idea that the web should be free.     4     The truth is, however, he’d probably far rather be somewhere else writing computer code.

In 2012, he was honored at the Summer Olympics where he was introduced as the “Inventor of the World Wide Web”. In characteristic fashion, he sent an online message that was instantly spread out on screens both in the stadium and all around the world: “This is for everyone.”

A．Many people claim that Berners-Lee’s greatest achievement is that the web carries no fees, no charges and no restrictions.

B．His goal was to provide researchers with the ability to share their results, techniques, and practices without having to exchange e-mail constantly.

C．Berners-Lee also spends a lot of time meeting world leaders and business people promoting the web and its free status.

D．In 2004, he was given a special honour for his pioneering work by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ and he became Sir Tim Berners-Lee.

E．Visitors could also learn more about hypertext, find out how to create their own webpages, and how to search the web for information.

F．Although the “Internet” already existed in some form, in those days it consisted of separate unconnected networks.