1 . As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remember less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.
In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.
In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the Internet. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remember the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”
According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesn’t mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.
1. The passage begins with two questions to ________.| A．introduce the main topic | B．show the author’s attitude |
| C．describe how to use the Internet | D．explain how to store information |
| A．Sparrow’s team typed the information into a computer. |
| B．The two groups remembered the information equally well. |
| C．The first group did not try to remember the formation. |
| D．The second group did not understand the information. |
| A．keep the information in mind |
| B．change the quantity of information |
| C．organize information like a computer |
| D．remember how to find the information |
| A．We are using memory differently. |
| B．We are becoming more intelligent. |
| C．We have poorer memories than before. |
| D．We need a better way to access information. |
Sports Day was getting close in the school. All the children were very excited and were practicing for the big race. John, one of the fast runners of the school, was confident that he would win for he was not doing anything at all. “You have to work hard to come first in the race John. You are not practicing at all,” said John’s mother.
“Mom, you know how fast I am! Why should I waste my time running? Only I will win; no one else will win!”said John. “John, you may be right but talent (天赋) without hard work is not good at all. This laziness of yours will cost you greatly,” his mother warned him. John just laughed. He was so confident that he would win the trophy (奖杯) as no one else in his class was as fast as he was!.
Tim, a classmate of John, was also participating (参加) in the running race. He was not a fast runner. However, he practiced till late at night and had developed great endurance (持久力) to run the race.
There were a few days left for the Sports Day but John did not practice at all. On the other hand, Tim practiced day and night.
The Sports Day was almost around the corner but John was confident that no one could beat him and had not practiced at all. But Tim with his hard work had become a very great runner.
At last, the Sports Day arrived. All the students showed up on the ground to cheer their favorites. The coach blew the whistle (口哨) and everyone began to run toward the finishing line. It was so exciting. John and Tim left all the racers far behind. Both of them were neck to neck.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Suddenly, John went ahead of Tim.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________John’s mother came up to Tim and praised him for his hard work.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3 . With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9:00 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them are still awake after the first 15 minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pajama’s(睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.
All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referred to as the “night owl” schedule of sleep.
This is opposed to the “early bird” schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tends to stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as “night owls” and only 10 percent can be classified as “early birds” ------ the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls, this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.
1. What does the author stress in Paragraph 1?| A．Many students are absent from class. |
| B．Students are very tired on Monday mornings. |
| C．Students do not adjust their sleep patterns well. |
| D．Students are not well prepared for class on Mondays. |
| A．Most students prefer to get up late in the morning. |
| B．Students don’t sleep well because of alerting systems. |
| C．One’s body clock governs the sleep/wake cycle independently. |
| D．Adolescents’ delayed sleep/wake cycle isn’t the preferred pattern. |
| A．Criticized | B．Grouped | C．Organized | D．Named |
| A．Functions of the body clock. |
| B．The “night owl” phenomenon. |
| C．Human beings’ sleep behaviour. |
| D．The school schedule of “early birds”. |
4 . I was deeply moved by the kindness of an elderly flower seller at Sydney’s Central Station one evening. I was feeling as cold as the chill winds
A year earlier, I’d dreamt about an earthquake. In the dream, a red light flashed inside a building and then the earth began to
Now, with the very real aftershocks of a number of
| A．following | B．quickening | C．taking | D．slowing |
| A．calm | B．amazing | C．fruitful | D．hard |
| A．gradually | B．obviously | C．suddenly | D．seriously |
| A．far from | B．free from | C．more than | D．other than |
| A．turn | B．shake | C．strike | D．roll |
| A．powerful | B．puzzled | C．sad | D．anxious |
| A．Before | B．When | C．After | D．Until |
| A．demanded | B．complained | C．whistled | D．shouted |
| A．extreme | B．positive | C．unexpected | D．specific |
| A．looking | B．returning | C．thinking | D．saying |
| A．offering | B．showing | C．sending | D．delivering |
| A．break out | B．burst into | C．hold back | D．slow down |
| A．motherly | B．fatherly | C．grandmotherly | D．grandfatherly |
| A．However | B．Meanwhile | C．Moreover | D．Thus |
| A．envy | B．pity | C．duty | D．hope |
5 . Choose your path forward
The following teen programs, designed specifically for ages 13 – 18, provide meaningful experiences today so teens are ready to realize their dreams tomorrow.
Diplomas 2 Degrees
Age 13 - 18
Diplomas 2 Degrees (D2D), a college readiness program, provides a range of services to guide club members as they work toward high school graduation and prepare for post - secondary education (高等教育) and career success.
Keystone Clubs
Age 14 - 18
Keystoning is the Boys & Girls Club Movement’s ultimate teen program for youth ages 14 - 18. This unique program provides leadership development opportunities for youth to participate in activities, both in and out of the club, in three focus areas: academic success, career preparation and community service.
UPS Road Code
Age 13 - 18
UPS Road Code is a free national program that educates teens on safe driving techniques based in part on the training UPS uses for its own drivers, who are among the safe drivers worldwide.
Computer Science Pathway
All ages.
The Computer Science Pathway, a key component (成分) of Boys & Girls Clubs’ Education & STEM programming, invites youth and teens on a journey from their first encounter with code (代码) to creative computing.
1. What is special about Keystone Clubs?| A．It provides a range of college services. | B．It offers leadership development chances. |
| C．It gives guidance for pre - school students. | D．It allows one to engage in computer programming. |
| A．Safe driving. | B．Computer code. |
| C．Academic success. | D．Post - secondary education. |
| A．A textbook. | B．A news report. | C．An exam paper. | D．A teenager magazine. |
6 . Sunrise Hike
Saturday, October 21, 6:45 am---7:45 am
Enjoy sunrise from the hilltop as you learn about wildlife, plants, history and forest. Ages 8 and up; under 18 with an adult. To register (报名)by phone, call 630-933-7248.
Meet in the parking lot on the west side of Greene Road south of 79th Street. Dress for the weather, wear comfortable shoes and bring water.
Trick Or TreatSaturday, October 28, 9:00 am---11:30 am
You and your family are invited to join the YMCA for a Halloween hike up Badger Mountain! Make sure to wear your Halloween costumes (戏装)!
Free shirts for the first 200 kids registered. Remember to take away your shirt by 11:30 am or it will be given away.
Cost: Trick or Treat is a FREE event.
Discovery Hike
Thursday, October 26, 1:00 pm---4:00 pm; Ages 3-8
Fall is pumpkin time. Listen to a pumpkin story and learn how pumpkins grow. Then we will head out on the path in search of a little pumpkin just for you and maybe, we will find the great pumpkin along the way. $7 per child.
Harvest Day Camp
Monday, October 31, 8:00 am---5:00 pm
Harvest Camp is an opportunity for children aged 5-13 to find the wonder of autumn at Keystone Science School and enjoy all the fun the Halloween season offers. We’ll explore the ways our natural environment has changed from summer to fall. As always, our programming is focused on building skills, knowledge and confidence. Cost: $0.00.
1. What do these activities have in common?| A．They are designed only for children. |
| B．They are held in a mountain. |
| C．They are to celebrate Halloween. |
| D．They all take place in autumn. |
| A．Sunrise Hike |
| B．Discovery Hike |
| C．Harvest Day Camp |
| D．Trick Or Treat |
| A．Listen to a pumpkin story. |
| B．Hike with their parents. |
| C．Enjoy the beauty of autumn. |
| D．Learn about wildlife and forest. |
7 . Have you ever imagined that your simple T-shirt could cool you down by up to 5℃ on these hot summer days? Thanks to a recent discovery, the possibility is getting closer. While there are many alternatives that manage to keep the body warm, this amazing invention aims to offer real relief for those who are eager to feel comfortable and fresh in the outdoors on extremely hot days.
Its inventors, engineers Ma Yaoguang of Zhejiang University and Tao Guangming of Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China, took a completely innovative approach. They designed a special textile (纺织物) that can absorb body heat and reemit (重发出) its energy into space as mid-infrared radiation (MIR). This textile cools both the objects and their surroundings through a technique that is known as radiative cooling. Science reveals. This means that even when it looks like you are wearing a regular shirt, you are actually wearing a device that works like a mirror.
Research conducted at Stanford University in 2017 had already managed to cool the wearer by 3℃, but this previous trial was limited. So researchers still need to test the new approach to determine how effectively the new fabric cools while the wearers are standing or walking, and not directly facing the sky, like in their trials. They also need to examine and measure how well it works when T-shirts are no in close contact with the skin.
Inventors Yaoguang and Guangming are now looking out for textile manufacturers and clothing brands that are interested in using their fabric. They estimate that the new material will increase clothing manufacturing costs by just 10 percent. “We can make it with mass production, which means everybody can get a T-shirt and the cost is basically the same as their old stuff,” Yaoguang said.
So if you are an athlete or simply someone that has to deal with the extremely high temperatures, be patient because your days of feeling hot and bothered may be coming to an end!
1. What is the purpose of the new invention?| A．To keep people warm. | B．To help beat the heat in hot weather. |
| C．To find out the wearers’ temperature. | D．To protect clothes from becoming wet. |
| A．By sending out absorbed heat. | B．By turning sunlight into energy. |
| C．By keeping heat out completely. | D．By using light colors to reflect sunlight. |
| A．The invention needs further testing. | B．The studies in 2017 lack evidence. |
| C．The new textile has a good cooling effect. | D．The new textile applies to various situations. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Objective. | C．Supportive. | D．Indifferent. |
Jack,
But one day Jack said
9 . Researchers have found that short and intense stair climbing, which can be done almost anywhere, has great benefits for fitness.
The findings make the two most common excuses of couch potatoes untrue: no time and no access to the gym. “Stair climbing is a form of exercise anyone can do in their own home, after work or during the lunch hour,” says Martin, a lead author of the study. “This research takes interval (间歇) training out of the lab and makes it possible for everyone.”
Early studies have shown the benefits of stair climbing over continuous periods of time, up to 70 minutes a week, but researchers wanted to determine if interval training, which includes short and intense exercise separated by short periods of recovery, was a good way to improve heart fitness. Researchers recruited 31 women and tested the effect of two different experiments; each required a 10-minute exercise period, including warm-up, cool-down and recovery. The exercise periods were done three times a week over the course of six weeks.
The first experiment included three 20-second of continuous climbing in an “all-out” manner. The participants were then compared to those who went through the same experiment using an exercise bike which has already been shown to improve fitness.
For the second experiment, some women climbed up and down one flight of stairs for 60 seconds, an experiment which could be easily done at home.
Both experiments, each including a total time of 30 minutes a week, increased heart fitness, an important healthy marker that is connected with long life.
1. What does Martin say about stair climbing?| A．It saves lots of time. | B．It is convenient to do. |
| C．It requires special training. | D．It is better than going to the gym. |
| A．To test the results of early studies. |
| B．To encourage people to climb stairs. |
| C．To prove the benefits of continuous stair climbing. |
| D．To find out effect of interval training on heart fitness. |
| A．The first one was better for fitness. | B．The second one required less total time. |
| C．Both of them were good for heart health. | D．People in the second one turned out healthier. |
| A．How Stair Climbing Benefits People. |
| B．Why Stair Climbing Is the Best Exercise. |
| C．Stair Climbing—A Good Way to Increase Fitness. |
| D．Simple Stair Climbing Exercises You Can Do at Home. |
10 . If you just move to a new school, all the kids already have their friends, you may often feel left out. The other kids don’t want you to join their games or conversations. Don’t be so upset.
Your facial expression communicates a lot，too.
Join a club or try out for a sports team.
| A．Don’t wait for people to approach you. |
| B．Keep a smile without looking unhappy. |
| C．It may seem there are established friend groups. |
| D．Make sure to show your best self. |
| E．Here are some tips you can follow. |
| F．That way,you’ll be with people who share your interests. |
| G．Most people just are often open to welcoming others. |
