1 . When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning. This is the recent finding of neuroscientist Mathias and his colleagues.
As Mathias’ team describes in the Journal of Neuroscience, they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words (such as “lamube” for “camera,” and “atesi” for “thought”) over four days. While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary, they were shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word at the same time. When the word was repeated, the subjects performed the gesture themselves.
Five months later, they were asked to translate the vocabulary they had learned into German in multiple-choice test. At the same time, they had equipment attached to their heads that sent weak distracting signals to their primary motor cortex — the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements. When these signals were active, the subjects found it harder to recall the words accompanied by gestures. When the equipment sent no distracting signals (but still appeared to the subjects to be active), they found it easier to remember the words. The researchers concluded that the motor cortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures. This applied to concrete words, such as “camera”, as well as abstract ones, such as “thought”.
The study indicates that the adult brain uses motor areas to remember foreign-language words. “I think we under-use gesture in our classrooms,” Mathias says. “People use it subconsciously, if they’re good teachers and good listeners, but we don’t necessarily bring it into the class if we don’t think about it — and it could be used more often and more effectively.”
1. Which is closest in meaning to “invented artificial words” in paragraph 2?A.Technical terms. |
B.Newly discovered symbols. |
C.Words referring to the latest inventions. |
D.Random combination of letters with assigned meanings. |
A.To count words. | B.To record emotion. |
C.To influence brain activity. | D.To give clues to questions. |
A.Irregular. | B.Over-estimated. | C.Misleading. | D.Inadequate. |
A.Fashion. | B.Lifestyle. | C.Mind & Brain. | D.Health & Exercise. |
2 . Virtual Postgraduate Open Days 2023
Our events offer a great opportunity to find out more about the Cambridge University’s 300+ postgraduate courses, the application process, student life, and a range of funding opportunities, as well as to get an idea of what it’s like to study here. Attend our virtual open days to learn all about postgraduate study at Cambridge:
Week 1: Subject sessions (23 to 27 October)
Join us live for online sessions where you can:
● Find out more about our courses and explore your subject
● Chat with academics, current students and other staff
Week 2: Pastoral, ICE, College and Finance sessions (30 October to 3 November)
During this second week of live online sessions you can:
● Explore more about the Colleges
● Find out about funding opportunities
● Discover what pastoral support is available at Cambridge
● Learn about our Institute of Continuing Education (ICE)
● Watch recordings of the subject sessions from Week 1
On-demand content
Everyone who books a place at the Postgraduate Open Days will receive access to on-demand video content, including recordings of the subject sessions from Week 1 (to be uploaded by 30 October).
Visit us
If you can’t come to our Postgraduate Open Day, there are other ways to visit:
● Check department websites for subject-specific events or contact the department directly to arrange an appointment to visit facilities and talk to a member of staff.
● Many of the Cambridge Colleges are open to the public at during term time. Contact them in advance to arrange a time to visit and to meet with current students or staff.
1. What do we know about the recordings of subject sessions from Week 1?A.It is available to everyone. | B.It offers funding opportunities. |
C.It can be replayed during Week 2. | D.It will be uploaded before 27 October. |
A.Visit the department website. | B.Organize a subject-specific event. |
C.Visit the school during the holiday. | D.Ask current students to arrange an appointment. |
A.Its founder. | B.Its sponsors. | C.Its working staff. | D.Its potential students. |
1.做家务的原因;
2.做家务的过程;
3.你的感受。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4 . As a child in the 1970s, Prigi would swim, play and bath in the waters of the Surabaya River that flowed near his home. The water of the flowing river was clean enough to safely drink, and so clear that he’d look down and see his toes touching the sandy bottom of the river.
Prigi left his home in 1994 to study biology at Airlangga University. During a visit home two years later, Prigi was shocked to find the once clear river now dark brown and smelly. The river bed felt slimy (黏滑的) under his feet. Worse still, after only a very short swim, he itched (痒) all over.
Prigi set up a study group to find out why. The group studied the river, doing water sampling, and collecting information about the kinds of birds, insects, micro-organisms and fishes that still lived in and around the river. Tests confirmed they all had a range of heavy metals in their systems, such as zinc, lead and mercury, which were from harmful chemical waste from a paper factory built in the 1990s.
In 2003, Prigi launched the Surabaya River Detective Program to teach children how to collect environmental data, to observe and record the population of insects, micro-organisms, and fish in the river. Around 800 children, who take on the title of “river warrior”, have participated in the program and created informational books, posters, films, and press releases to gain the attention of the public and the government. In April 2008, the local governor set a maximum daily limit for chemical waste, and required all companies to release only treated wastewater into the river. Today, the Surabaya River is much clearer and children have even started to swim in the river.
Much of Prigi’s success has come from raising awareness among locals of the role the river plays in their lives. Today, locals work with scientists and local authorities to protect the river’s biodiversity wonders for future generations.
1. What aspect of the Surabaya River surprised Prigi in 1996?A.Changeable color. | B.Dangerous river bed. |
C.Decreased water level. | D.Serious water pollution. |
A.Heavy metals influenced biodiversity. |
B.The paper factory was to blame for pollution. |
C.The Surabaya River was home to many rare species. |
D.Chemical waste caused serious diseases among humans. |
A.By drafting regulations. | B.By spreading information. |
C.By conducting researches. | D.By clearing pollutants away. |
A.The River Guardian | B.The Crying Surabaya River |
C.Disturbing Heavy Metal Pollution | D.Innovative Environmental-friendly Campaign |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Several days before, my English teacher told us that there was going to have an English speech competition in our school. One student from each class would be selected for competition. Its theme was about protect the wild animals. It was such a wonderful topic what I became very interested in them. Afterwards, I searched for a lot of useful information on the Internet. I wrote a speech but presented it to my classmates. Luckily, I was given for the opportunity to enter the final. Then I practiced hardly under my teacher’s guidance. In the end, I make it and won the first prize.
6 . Life is filled with many victories and downfalls. What matters is how you manage with each situation. May it be your love life or a serious life struggle, you must learn to move on. Here’s how you can create a new chapter in your life.
There is one common mistake that many of us make when dealing with a situation. We may try to go through it on our own. Landing in a sticky place is extremely worrying. To get out of this situation, you must ask others for help. When we talk about others, I refer to the people who you are close with.
Let Go Of Your Past
To move on from every struggle and heartbreak, you must let go of the past, guilt, and anger.
Forgive Yourself And Begin Anew
Picture your goals in your mind and make sensible steps towards them with each passing day. Let nothing stand in your way.
A.Learn From Others |
B.Avoid Making Mistakes |
C.These could be your family and close friends |
D.Positive thoughts help you make a new beginning easily |
E.A warm and encouraging tone will help you out very much |
F.It is easy to forgive others but very hard to forgive ourselves |
G.No matter what, negative feelings always have the opposite of the desired effect |
Hanfu, or Han-style clothing, one of the
Actually, the clothing style of Chinese Hanfu kept changing over the centuries due to the
For a long time, Hanfu was worn only by some brides and grooms during weddings and a few other special occasions. Attracted by the elegance and beauty of Hanfu, a few brave youngsters began to wear Han-style clothes a decade ago
Thanks to the country’s emphasis
8 . The Christmas of 2020 was not a time of celebration but just tough for many. It was
In February, Sara
The mystery had a
Sara never learned who sent the
A.strengthened | B.clouded | C.postponed | D.celebrated |
A.lights | B.pictures | C.flowers | D.advertisements |
A.Surprisingly | B.Eventually | C.Unfortunately | D.Naturally |
A.dropped in | B.stepped aside | C.passed away | D.walked around |
A.imagine | B.permit | C.observe | D.take |
A.long | B.perfect | C.new | D.unique |
A.brought | B.earned | C.sold | D.left |
A.quiet | B.amused | C.worried | D.healthy |
A.hung | B.kept | C.fixed | D.folded |
A.refused | B.recognized | C.received | D.chose |
A.in person | B.in shock | C.in advance | D.in vain |
A.enthusiasm | B.anger | C.doubt | D.disappointment |
A.promise | B.teach | C.remind | D.warn |
A.thoughtful | B.patient | C.faithful | D.frank |
A.explanation | B.interest | C.prediction | D.support |
A.understood | B.greeted | C.lost | D.deserted |
A.checked | B.declared | C.recalled | D.noticed |
A.sweet | B.simple | C.vivid | D.strange |
A.continued | B.decided | C.intended | D.pretended |
A.gift | B.signal | C.invitation | D.note |
9 . When physicist Stephen Hawking died in 2018 at the age of 76, the world mourned (哀悼), after the loss, there remains the enormous legacy of the scientist and the man to consider.
Despite being a renowned expert in cosmology and black holes, there is still much to discover about Hawking. In Stephen Hawking: A memoir of friendship and physics, theoretical physicist Leonard Mlodinow offers a close glimpse inside the famous scientist’s life, ranging from his early days at university and diagnosis at age 21 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to his later status as an international celebrity.
After co-authoring two books with Hawking, Mlodinow isn’t short of stories, particularly from time spent working together on their book The Grand Design. Hawking lived a colourful life often filled with hardship, and the possibility of death was never far away. Far from letting this be a setback, it is what Hawking credits for his achievements. “It helped me focus,” he tells Mlodinow after dinner one night.
Even so, Mlodinow admits that initially he couldn’t help but feel sorry for Hawking, living with a condition that required round-the-clock care and eventually left him unable to speak or voluntarily move anything but his eyes, brows and mouth. However, writes Mlodinow, “overtime all that pity would disappear like one of Stephen’s black holes”, adding that “ it occurred to me that Stephen had proved himself to be an iron man in a fragile man’s facade (外表)”. That view becomes one that readers will also tend to adopt as Mlodinow looks back.
Achievement came in many forms for Hawking, who refused to be restricted in thought or deed. As Mlodinow writes: “Often we limit our chances at success by limiting the goals toward which we strive. Stephen never did that. We can get used to anything, and we can accomplish, if not anything, then at least much more than we give ourselves credit for. To grow close to Stephen was to understand this.”
1. What can we learn about Mlodinow?A.He was one of Hawking’s friends. | B.He worked for Hawking for many years. |
C.He wrote two books about Hawking’s life. | D.He was the strongest competitor for Hawking. |
A.Admiring. | B.Sympathetic. | C.Envious. | D.Puzzled. |
A.He kept pushing his limits. | B.He had extraordinary talent. |
C.He was good at educating others. | D.He was a man with definite goals. |
A.To praise a relationship. | B.To introduce a book. |
C.To honor a breakthrough. | D.To promote a physics theory. |
10 . Ever been hungry enough to eat a house? Now, you actually could.
Food waste is a big problem in Japan and globally. Japan produced around 5.7 million tons of food waste in 2019. The government plans to reduce that by around 2.7 million tons by 2030. Tokyo University researchers Kota Machida and Yuya Sakai have developed a way to transform food waste into cement (水泥) for construction use and more. This is the first-ever process created for making cement entirely from food waste. The researchers say their product is four times as strong as traditional concrete. This particular cement can be used to make things like tea cups or chairs as well. However, there’s one additional feature — it’s also edible (可食的).
Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming.
As expected, something this unique took years to develop. It took a few attempts to find just the right process. Kota and Yuya created the unique technology while researching possible environmentally-friendly materials to replace cement-based concrete. Cement production accounts for 8% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions.
After a few failures, they realized they could get the cement to bind (黏合) by adjusting the temperatures. “The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures,” Yuya said. So the researchers had to observe them and respond in time. In the experiments, Kota and Yuya have successfully made cement using tea leaves, coffee grounds, cabbage, and even lunchbox leftovers.
Fabula Inc. is currently working to make tea cups and furniture, but Yuya is thinking a little bit bigger. Their product could provide relief in the form of edible emergency shelters in disaster zones. “For example, if food cannot be delivered to the people, they could eat makeshift beds made out of food cement,” he said. To eat the material, a person needs to break it apart and boil it.
1. Which is one of Kota and Yuya’ purposes in making use of food waste?A.To offer Fabula Inc. more cement. | B.To produce building materials. |
C.To warn how serious food waste is. | D.To extend concrete’s service life. |
A.Its damage to the environment. | B.Its cost of recycling the cement. |
C.Its difficulties they would face. | D.Its popularity among the public. |
A.Making sure to make cement tasty. | B.Selecting correct food waste timely. |
C.Getting cement broken apart easily. | D.Regulating the temperatures constantly. |
A.Temporary. | B.Strong. | C.Bendable. | D.Commercial. |