1 . Charles Robert Darwin was born on 12 February 1809 in Shropshire, England. Darwin’s childhood passion was science, and his interest in chemistry, however, was clear; he was even nicknamed ‘Gas’ by his classmates.

In 1825, his father sent him to study medicine at Edinburgh University, where he learned how to classify plants. Darwin became passionate about natural history and this became his focus while he studied at Cambridge. Darwin went on a voyage together with Robert Fitzroy, the captain of HMS Beagle, to South America to facilitate British trade in Patagonia. The journey was life-changing. Darwin spent much of the trip on land collecting samples of plants, animals and rocks, which helped him to develop an understanding of the processes that shape the Earth’s surface. Darwin’s analysis of the plants and animals that he gathered led him to express doubts on former explanations about how species formed and evolved over time.

Darwin’s work convinced him that natural selection was key to understanding the development of the natural world. The theory of natural selection says that individuals of a species are more likely to survive when they inherit(经遗传获得) characteristics best suited for that specific environment. These features then become more widespread and can lead eventually to the development of a new species. With natural selection, Darwin argued how a wide variety of life forms developed over time from a single common ancestor.

Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 1839. When Darwin’s eldest daughter, Annie, died from a sudden illness in 1851, he lost his belief in God. His tenth and final child, Charles Waring Darwin, was born in 1856. Significantly for Darwin, this baby was disabled, altering how Darwin thought about the human species. Darwin had previously thought that species remained adapted until the environment changed; he now believed that every new variation was imperfect and that a struggle to survive was what drove species to adapt.

Though rejected at the beginning, Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is nowadays well accepted by the scientific community as the best evidence-based explanation for the diversity and complexity of life on Earth. The Natural History Museum’s library alone has 478 editions of his On the Origin of Species in 38 languages.

1. What made Darwin reconsider the origin and development of species?

A．Examining plants and animals collected.

B．His desire for a voyage to different continents.

C．Classifying samples in a journey to South America.

D．His passion for natural history at Edinburgh University.

2. We can learn from paragraphs 1 to 3 that Darwin ________.

A．used natural selection to develop new species

B．enjoyed being called nicknames related to science

C．learned some knowledge about plants when studying medicine

D．argued with others over the diversity of life forms for a long period

3. Which of the following changed Darwin’s view on the human species?

A．That he had ten children in all.	B．His youngest son’s being disabled.
C．That he lost his eldest daughter.	D．His marriage with Emma Wedgwood.

4. This passage is mainly about ________.

A．Darwin’s passion for medical science	B．Darwin’s theory and experiments
C．Charles Darwin’s changing interest	D．Charles Darwin’s life and work

2 . Welcome to Muir Woods! This rare ancient forest is a kingdom of coast redwoods, many over 600 years old.

How to get here?

People using personal vehicles must have reservations before arriving at the park. (Details at www.gomuirwoods.com.)

Muir Woods National Monument is open daily, 8 a. m. to sunset. Stop by Visitor Center to get trails (路线) and program information, and to take in exhibits.

What’s your path?

Enjoy a walk on the paved Redwood Creek Trail (also called Main Trail). Choose short, medium, or long loops (环线). Other trails go deep into Muir Woods and Mount Tamalpais State Park.(Refer to the map of Muir Woods on the right for details.)

Ready to explore more?

Muir Woods is part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, which includes Marin Headlands, Alcatraz, the Presidio, and Ocean Beach. Download the app at www.nps.gov/goga.

Stay safe and protect your park.

Wi-Fi and cell service are not available. ·Watch for poisonous plants and falling branches. ·Do not feed or disturb animals. ·Fishing is prohibited in the park. ·Do not mark or remove trees, flowers, or other natural features. ·Go to the park website for more safety tips and regulations.

Accessibility

We make a great effort to make facilities, services, and programs accessible to all. For information, go to Visitor Center, ask a ranger, call, or check our website.

More Information

Muir Woods National Monument www.nps.gov/muwo Mill Valley, CA 94941-2696

1. Muir Woods will probably attract ________.
①redwood lovers       ②hunting lovers       ③fishing lovers       ④hiking lovers

A．①②

B．③④

C．①④

D．②③

2. What can be learned from the passage?

A．Muir woods is surrounded by highland and ocean beaches.

B．Visitors can read electronic maps using Wi-Fi in Muir Woods.

C．Visitors are advised to call Visitor Center for safety tips and regulations.

D．Reservations should be made if visitors drive private cars to Muir Woods.

3. According to the map of Muir Woods, ________.

A．Bridge 4 is the farthest from the parking lots of all bridges

B．Mill Valley is located on the southwest side of Muir Beach

C．Bootjack Trail can lead one to Visitor Center from Bridge 3

D．food and gifts can be bought on various sites in Muir Woods

3 . 捐赠者的慷慨不是理所当然的，我们应该对他们表示诚挚的感激之情。(gratitude) (汉译英)

5 .

A．To turn in the report.	B．To look for a better typist.
C．To type for the woman.	D．To take the report to a typist.

9 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。1.

A．To help the man learn more about the gardener.

B．To show the value of taking advice in gardening.

C．To publicize the attractiveness of Dorset Gardens.

D．To inform people of more guidelines for gardening.

2.

A．By attending a college course.	B．By visiting Kew Garden.
C．By listening to talks on gardening.	D．By reading Margery Fisher’s book.

3.

A．It was full of creative angles.	B．It made her famous in the town.
C．It occupied a rather small area.	D．It was near her house in Somerset.

4.

A．Because it’s full of plants given by her friends.

B．Because it’s visited and appreciated by tourists.

C．Because it’s where she spends much time with others.

D．Because it’s an outdoor classroom for biology students.