1 . Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or bean curd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China more than 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked piece of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air. Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
1. What’s the purpose of the text?A.To compare the features of some foods. |
B.To inform readers of some foods. |
C.To recommend some foods. |
D.To introduce the origins of some foods. |
A.Seaweed is also used for making cheese. |
B.Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others' cooking. |
C.Hot wet cornmeal hardened when they hit the air. |
D.Bean curd dates back to 2,000 years in China. |
A.They are the results of complaints. |
B.They were not created on purpose. |
C.They weren’t originally made for people. |
D.They are all popular throughout the world. |
A.A child. | B.A cat. | C.A dog. |
1. What is the woman?
A.An athlete. | B.A hostess. | C.A coach. |
A.His mother. | B.His brother. | C.His sister. |
A.Ho is fitter. | B.He is calmer. | C.He is happier. |
A.Train horses. | B.Teach children. | C.Take part in more races. |
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A.In a car. | B.At home. | C.At the doctor’s. |
A.Phone the doctor. | B.Walk to the doctor’s. | C.Check the kitchen. |
A.Doctor and patient. | B.Boss and secretary. | C.Husband and wife. |
1. What does the man want to do?
A.Book tickets for a bus tour. | B.Ask for directions. | C.Book a restaurant. |
A.The chicken. | B.The beef. | C.The pork. |
1. Why doesn’t the man give the woman a discount?
A.She doesn’t own a membership card. |
B.She doesn’t take her membership card. |
C.She doesn’t want to pay for a bottle of milk. |
A.The man. | B.The woman. | C.Someone else. |
A.Economics. | B.Physics. | C.Politics. |
A.Something to play with. | B.Something to eat. | C.Something to drink. |
A.She was lonely there. | B.The teacher was too strict. | C.The classroom was too crowded. |
10 . A woman in a cap wanders calmly along. Except for the lava (熔岩) erupting behind her, she could be walking in the park. The woman turns to watch the molten rock flow for a moment then walks calmly toward the camera. The footage(镜头) is from Werner Herzog’s book to volcanoes and volcano hunters, Into the Inferno, and the woman pictured is perhaps one of the most important volcanologists of all time, Katia Krafft.
Born in France, in 1942, Katia developed an interest in volcanoes at an early age. Later, she met Maurice Krafft. The pair bonded over their shared love of volcanoes before marrying in 1970. The Kraffts wrote about 20 books on volcanoes across the globe.
Katia and her husband made great progress in educating the general public in volcanology. Their footage had more than scientific value. For instance, when Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines began to show signs of an eruption in 1991, the Kraffts were able to present Philippine President Cory Aquino with video footage of the effects of the 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz in Colombia, asking him to call for an evacuation of those in the danger zone.
In 1969, Katia was awarded the prize of the Vocation Foundation for her work on active volcanic sites.
The couple lost their lives, along with more than 40 others during the eruption of Mount Unzen in Japan on June 3.1991. when they were caught in a flow of rock, gas and ash moving at speeds of over 100 miles per hour, with temperatures of more than 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Katia was 49; Maurice, 45.
Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has encouraged many young women to study our restless planet. “Katia Krafft is definitely the reason why I’m doing this job,” says Carla Tiraboschi, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Minster, Germany. Carla first saw Katia in a documentary when she was just six or seven years old and has been crazy about volcanoes ever since.
1. What can we infer from the book Into the Inferno?A.Its author is Katia Krafft. | B.It’s a biography of Katia Krafft. |
C.It calls on protecting the environment. | D.It focuses on volcanoes and their explorers. |
A.They prevented a natural disaster. |
B.They served as a warning in Japan. |
C.They helped spread volcano science. |
D.They covered Mount Pinatubo’s eruption. |
A.Substance. | B.Departure. | C.Occupation. | D.Intervention. |
A.Katia’s death made her restless. | B.Katia helped her with her research. |
C.Katia taught her to make a documentary. | D.Katia’s deeds inspired her career choice. |